Mesopotamia and Egypt

The most influential river valley civilisations in subsequent history were: ..., located between the River Tigris and the River Euphrates; other, along the shores of the Nile valley; another, around the River Indus and River Ganges; and another one, alongside the River Huang He. Over time, these civilisations changed in many ways, affecting all areas of life. Egypt. Mesopotamia. China. India.

The economies of the first civilisations were mainly induatrial. However, as they had plentiful harvests, other people such as potters, weavers, goldsmiths and merchants flourished too. True. False.

Society became more simple when different social groups emerged based on wealth and social status. The majority of the population were farmers, shepherds and craftsmen. There was a small group of privileged individuals: the king, important civil servants, priests and military leaders. They controlled the minority and forced them to pay high taxes. True. False.

Mesopotamia was between the banks of the River ... and the River Euphrates. In fact, in Greek, Mesopotamia means the ‘land between two rivers’. Ganges. Nile. Huang He. Tigris.

Mesopotamia is usually divided into two large regions: Lower Mesopotamia, or Chaldea, in the south and occupied by Sumer and Akkad; and Upper Mesopotamia, or Assyria, in the north. True. False.

The rich soil in Mesopotamia attracted many peoples who fought for control over it between ... and 539 BCE. 3500 AD. 3500 BCE. 5000 BCE. 5000 AD.

The history of Mesopotamia is therefore divided into different periods, according to the people who ruled the region. Firstly, Sumerians, they found independent city-states, like Ur, Uruk, Lagash and Eridu. Later, Mesopotamia was first taken over by other peoples in 2300 BCE: Akkadians, ..., Assyrians and Persians. Indians. Babylonians. Greeks. Romans.

In the Sumerian age, each city-state was governed by an ... or priest-prince. He was the highest civil and religious authority. nomarch. ensi. king. emperor.

Although, in Mesopotamia, the Ensi had absolute religious authority, he was considered a god. Instead, people believed he was between the gods and humans. True. False.

Over time, the Ensi was given the title of king. After this, they only governed the state and its administration. Priests had all the religious power. True. False.

The Mesopotamian people did not use coins. Commercial transactions were therefore made by bartering. True. False.

The Mesopotamian people did not use coins. Commercial transactions were therefore made by bartering. Sometimes they used sheets of ... that were rolled up like bracelets and then cut to make payments. bronze. copper. silver. gold.

Creating irrigation ... allowed the Sumerians to grow a wide variety of crops in the same location and have up to two or three harvests a year. gods. bridges. tools. canals.

In Mesopotamia there were three social classes with different rights and responsibilities: the nobles, the commoners and the slaves. Match every group with its right class. Nobles. Commoners. Slaves.

Mesopotamians were polytheists. Their gods were worshipped in temples, which were the houses of the gods on Earth. They had a very pessimistic view of the afterlife. They believed that the spirits of the deceased lived in the dust and mud. True. Fasle.

There were several impotant gods for Mesopotamians. Match every god with its function. Anu. Marduk. Ishtar. Enlil.

The Code of ..., written in around 1760 BCE, teaches us about Mesopotamian mentality and social differences. Its laws include the rights and obligations of men and women. Men and women were not treated as equals. Women had a lower social status and their fathers or husbands had authority over them. Marduk. Ur. Hammurabi. Ishtar.

The ... were the first civilisation to organise political, economic and cultural life around urban centres. This also included large areas surrounding the urban centres, for example fields of crops and small agricultural villages. Sumerians. Persians. Assyrians. Akkadians.

... was the most famous Mesopotamian city. Its name literally means “the Gate of the Gods”. Historians believe it was founded by king Sargon of Akkad in the 24th century BCE. It reached its greatest splendour under the reign of Hammurabi (18th century BCE) and, above all, Nebuchadnezzar II (604-662 BCE). Uruk. Babylon. Nineveh. Ur.

... was the main cultural contribution of Mesopotamian society. The Sumerians began to do this activity in around 3250 BCE. They used a cuneiform system. Painting. Agriculture. bartering. Writing.

In cuneiform system of writing, people wrote using an instrument called a ... brush. stick. pencil. stylus.

In cuneiform system of writing, the stylus was used to imprint wedge-shaped marks into soft ... tablets. The tablets were then left to dry in the sun or cooked in a special clay oven. clay. wood. stone. ivory.

what king of writing was use to write the Code of Hammurabi?. cuneiform. hieroglyphic.

There was not a lot of stone in Mesopotamia. Architects therefore used poor materials, like ... (mud mixed with straw then dried in the sun) and rectangular clay bricks. wood. adobe. ivory. obsidian.

In Mesopotamia, temples and palaces were the most important buildings. Temples were first constructed by the Sumerians and had a ... or terraced tower. mastaba. ensi. ziggurat. reliefs.

In Mesopotamia, temples and palaces were the most important buildings. For the first time in history, structures such as arches and vaults were used in architecture. True. False.

Palaces were first constructed by the Akkadians, then developed by the Assyrians and the Persians. They had several rooms, large gates, and were surrounded by walls. Palace walls were painted, embossed and decorated with glazed ceramics. For example, the palace of Babylon, built during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. The ... of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, were also built in this era. Great Wall. Taj Mahal. Machu Picchu. Hanging Gardens.

Mesopotamian architects used adobe and bricks, which were sometimes glazed and covered in enamel to better protect them from moisture. These materials were used to build large structures such as the ziggurats, which connected human beings to the ... and were also used as an astronomical observatory. gods. Sun. Moon. sky.

Mesopotamian artists created sculptures and ... of important figures like King Gudea.The ... showed winged bulls with human heads, who guarded the palace gates. They also included war and hunting scenes, like those at the palace of Khorsabad. Some were made from glazed bricks, such as at the Ishtar Gate in Babylon. reliefs. paintings.

Writing was the main cultural contribution of Mesopotamian society. The Sumerians began to do this activity in around ... They used a cuneiform system. 3250 BCE. 3500 BCE. 3700 BCE. 3350 BCE.

The most influential river valley civilisations in subsequent history were: Mesopotamia, located between the River Tigris and the River Euphrates; ..., along the shores of the Nile valley; another, around the River Indus and River Ganges; and another one, alongside the River Huang He. Over time, these civilisations changed in many ways, affecting all areas of life. Egypt. Mesopotamia. China. India.

In Egypt, life is only possible thanks to the waters from the River, because the rest of the land is a desert. Euphrates. Indi. Tigris. Nile.

There are two natural regions in Egypt: the upper course of the river or Upper Egypt, and the lower course of the river or Lower Egypt. Every summer, the rains that fell in the upper course made the water levels rise and flood the valley. When the waters receded, the river banks stay wet and were covered with a thick layer of adobe, which fertilised the land and made life possible. True. False.

Around ..., the groups of Neolithic people that lived in the Nile valley learned how to predict and control the annual flooding of the river’s waters.They developed systems to dry out the flooded areas. They built canals for irrigation, thus increasing the amount of land they could cultivate, and they also learned how to use the silt as a natural fertiliser. 5000 BCE. 8000 AD. 8000 BCE. 5000 AD.

With time the settlements grew and became independent cities governed by nomarchs or local leaders. Around 3100 BCE, the legendary King ... brought together the lands of Upper and Lower Egypt as one kingdom, which marked the beginning of Egyptian civilisation. Nebuchadnezzar. Menes. Hammurabi. Ramses.

The history of Ancient Egypt has been divided into several periods, separated by periods of internal decline or foreign domination. Finally, in the year 31 BCE, it disappeared because it was conquered by the ... Fenician. Mesopotamians. Persians. Romans.

The desert or red land was the place of paradise. This is where the Ancient Egyptians built their tombs and funerary temples. True. False.

The valley or black land was the place of life. This is where farmland, villages, cities, palaces and temples were located. True. False.

The Egyptian king took the title of ... He was considered to be the earthly incarnation of Horus, the god of the sky. nomarch. enti. vizier. pharaoh.

The pharaoh brought together political power. He was in charge of making and applying laws, inspecting hydraulic structures, organising his large agricultural properties, but also controlling ... collection and foreign trade. clay. food. tax. tool.

The pharaohs wore different kinds of crowns. The double crown — white and ... — symbolised the union of Upper and Lower Egypt. red. green. blue. yellow.

The pharaohs wore different kinds of crowns. The blue crown was used for ... ; and for day-to-day life they wore nemes, a headdress made of striped fabric that symbolised the rising sun. religious ceremonies. war. visiting tombs. the tomb when the pharaoh dies.

Other royal symbols were: the destroying ... or uraeus, worn on the forehead, which represented the destruction of their enemies. the staff and the whip, which showed their power over the country’s products and their leadership over the people; and the artificial beard, which represented strength. cat. crocodiles. lion. cobra.

The basis of the Egyptian economy was irrigation agriculture, which took place along the banks of the Nile River. Crops were planted in ... , once the floods had passed, and they were harvested in spring, in the dry season. Fields were irrigated by a large network of canals and ditches. winter. summer.

The land belonged to the pharaoh, who granted a part of it to the priests and another part to the nobility. The peasants who farmed it had to hand over taxes in kind, which means to pay with goods and services instead of money. True. False.

Cattle farming was fairly important for the Egyptians. In their work, the peasants relied on the help of animals, such as cows and donkeys. They also raised sheep and poultry, and they fished from the Tigris. True. False.

In Egypt, the regular production of food allowed many people to focus on other jobs and to live in cities. This was the case with the different craftsmen (stonemasons, carpenters, potters, goldsmiths, weavers, etc.), as well as with merchants. True. False.

When the floods ended and the Nile waters receded, the river water was collected with a ..., a tool shaped like a lever. sickle. plough. hole. shaduf.

The Egyptian people were very religious and believed in many gods and goddesses, represented in both human and animal form. The divine beings lived in their palace, that was believed to be the house of the god on Earth. True. False.

The divine beings lived in their temple, that was believed to be the house of the god on Earth. Inside there was a statue, that received offerings and was worshipped with complicated rituals and prayers. They also worshipped the pharaoh, the Nile and certain animals that they considered sacred, such as beetles, cats, ... and crocodiles. They greatly feared evil spirits and tried to frighten them with charms. cows. sheep. fish. eagles.

The Egyptians believed in the existence of life after death. To reach it, the deceased had to pass the Judgement of ..., a court made up of gods presided over by Osiris. Ra. Osiris. Horus. Anubis.

During the Judgement of Osiris, the god Osiris placed the heart of the deceased on one of the two sides of a scale, and on the other, the goddess Maat’s feather, which symbolised justice and truth. True. False.

Egyptian priests developed formulas to help the deceased in their journey to the afterlife such as the Book of the ..., which said everything that the soul had to do and say to successfully pass the Judgement of Osiris. Pyramid. Afterlife. Life. Dead.

The Egyptian people believed in many gods and goddesses. Match every one with their function. Ra. Horus. Anubis. Hator. Isis. Osiris.

In the mummification process, they made an incision in one side of the body with a flint knife, and removed all the organs except for the heart and the kidneys. Then, they kept the organs of the deceased in special containers called .... The lids of the jars represented the four sons of the god Horus. organs' coffins. charms jars. canopic jars. sarcophagus.