58. Which of the following is a characteristic of a classroom ethnographic study? a. The researcher conducts preplanned observations. b. The researcher uses a list of questions which they are attempting to answer. c. The researcher takes extensive notes without focusing attention on any specific questions.
___________ refers to explicit provision of the correct form. a.- Elicitation b. Explicit correction. c. Clarification request.
60. A concept in which learners are provided just enough support in order to reach the next level of ability. a. Recast. b. Scaffolding c. Metalinguistic feedback. .
62. In Communicative, content-based and task-based instructional settings, students' success is measured in terms… a. Their ability to get things done in the second language. b. Their accuracy in using certain grammatical features. c. Their ability to write in the second language. .
_________ refers when teachers ask questions that they know the answer to so that learners can display their knowledge of the language (or lack of a. Genuine questions. b. Display questions. c. Open question.
_________ indicates to students either that their utterance has been misunderstood by the teacher or that the utterance is incorrect in some way and that repetition or reformulation is required. a. Repetition. b. Clarification request. c. Explicit correction.
Which of the following is a characteristic of language learning in a natural acquisition setting? a. Errors are frequently corrected. b. Errors are always corrected. c. Errors are rarely corrected.
Which of the following has given the most attention to teach pronunciation? a. Communicative teaching methodologies. b. Audio-lingual teaching methodologies. c. Grammar translation methodologies.
Which of the following is the term used to describe when some features of learner language stop changing over time? a. Truncation. b. Linguistic freezing. c. Fozzilization.
The interaction between students often depends on the type of communicative activity they are requested to do. Which type of activity most promotes display questions? a. Pictures descriptions activity. b. Jigsaw activity. c. Neither activity.
Which of the following error feedback types refers to a teacher's restatement of all or part of what a student says except for the error? a. Recast. b. Clarification requests. c. Repetition.
In which of instructional setting would you find a variety of discourse types introduced? a. Communicative instructional setting. b. Structure based Instructional setting. c. Natural acquisition setting.
Which is the distinction between natural and instructional settings? a. Natural settings emphasize transmission of a language; instructional settings emphasize the message. b. In natural settings learning takes place through free interaction with native language peers, instructional settings learning takes place using guided student. c. Natural settings learners feel free to speak or write the second language, instructional settings learners feel pressure to speak or write the second language from the beginning.
What is the purpose of genuine questions asked by teachers?
a. To get information from students. b. To allow students to demonstrate their language knowledge. c. To allow students to practice language to their professional development.
Some studies have shown that the most frequent type of corrective feedback by teacher to students is recasting. Which of the following dialogues demonstrate teacher recasting? a. S: I go church Sunday T: Oh, you go to church on Sundays. b. S: I go church Sunday T: Go church? Go to church. c. S: I go church Sunday T: You must use “to” after go.
Which is the correct definition for repetition as a corrective feedback? b. Techniques teachers use to directly elicit the correct word from a student. a. A teacher's use of the same error a student makes, however with an adjustment in intonation which allows students to realize that they have made a mistake. c. A concept in which learners are provided just enough support in order to reach the next level of ability.
Which setting provides an environment where the language is taught to a group of second or foreign language learners? a. Structure-based instructional settings. b. Natural acquisition settings. c. Communicative-structured settings.
In what kind of settings, errors are rarely corrected? a. Structure-based instructional settings. b. Natural acquisition settings. c. Communicative-structured settings.
In what kind of settings, meaning is emphasized over form and the number of errors is limited? a. Natural acquisition settings. b. Structure-based instructional settings. c. Communicative instructional settings.
Which is the distinction between natural and structure-based instructional settings? a. In natural settings the learner is surrounded by the language for many hours each day in the structure-based instructional setting the learner has a limited number of hours of instruction a week. b. In natural settings learner's errors are inmediately corrected, and in the structure-based settings learner's errors are not corrected. c. In natural settings learners input is not modified and in the stucture-based settigs learners input is modified in many one-to-one conversation. .
Our text shows the findings from several types of classroom teaching proposals. Which is the characteristic of the “Two for One” proposal? a. If focuses on obliging to “negotiate for meaning”. b. It is a mixture of structural and comprehensive instruction. c. It focuses on designing instruction to follow developmental stages. .
“Teach what is teachable” believes that….
a. Instruction should be designed following developmental stages. b. Instruction should be content-based. c. Instruction focuses on grammar drills.
Listening to books on audio while reading along at the same time are practices proposed by the authors of… a. Get it right in the end. b. Just listen ….. and read. c. Let's talk.
Pedro is an immigrant to the US from Peru. He attends third grade at P.B. Ridge Elementary. He receives classes in the content subjects in English, when he is facing vocabulary problems he receives assistance from the ESL teacher. What type of instructional approach is he receiving? a. Teach what is teachable. b. Two for one. c. Get it right from the beginning.
What is a conclusion the text authours make about the acquisition of language through imitation? a. They believe that, despite there not being much evidence to support this view, it is a correct assumption. b. They have found it difficult to find evidence that language are learned mainly throug imitation. c. They believe that since learners don't produce novel language they have not heard before they learn mainly throug imitation.
The authors believe which of the following statement is true? a. The best way to learn new vocabulary is through reading. b. The best way to learn new vocabulary is guidance and instruction. c. The best way to learn new vocabulary is to watch movies with subtitles.
Identify the example corresponding to the six proposal for classroom teaching type.
Ms. Myrtle's class has a population of 25 students, from which 20 are female and 5 male students. The students are immigrants and are learning the language at the same time. They are at different language levels and Ms. Myrtle has implemented several strategies in the classroom, along with differentiated instruction according to the student's different needs. The big challenge for her here is teaching her students content subject matters along with the language (English as a Second Language). a. Two for one. b. Teach what is teachable. c. Just listen and read.
87. Identify the example corresponding to the six proposal for classroom teaching.
According to James in Mr. Hutnik's eight grade World Language (French) class, this is a “boring class” Taking a look of his instruction we notice that he uses lots of tapes and cd's with recordings or native French people talking to each other. The main instructional approach for Mr. Huntnik is “listen and repeat” modality along with a large amount of grammar translation. Students show their aversion for that particular class.
a. Let's talk. b. Get it right from the beginning. c. Get it right in the end. .
Identify the example corresponding to the six proposals for classroom teaching.
Second grade class at Riverdale Elementary is receiving German instruction during World Language Class. Mrs. Schmidt has arranged the class in groups of five students, all groups are taking turns going through learning centers where she has placed different items as decorations, those items show four different sports: soccer, volleyball, basketball and field hockey. She even got a couple of shirts signed by famous soccer and basketball German players. There also children illustrated sport books and also magazines showing articles related to sports. The lesson for today is Sports in Germany and Mrs. Schmidt has prepared a lesson that includes a CD (in German language) and a worksheet with a short dialogue and some questions the students are to answer based on the information on the audio.
a. Just listen …. And read. b. Two for one. c. Let's talk .
Identify the example corresponding to the six proposals for classroom teaching.
In ESL Level 4 Class, Mr. Aarons invited some students of English Level 6 to talk about celebrities. Mr. Aaron's students were surveyed in order to find out about the student's favorite character. During the presentation, the students were told to feel free to ask questions and they even had some time for them to use their skills in the second language to ask each other before coming up with the question for the presenters. The presenters prepare some of the quotes from the celebrities for students have the interpret them. This dialogue takes place there:
Presenter: Jack Nicholson's quote “There is only one life and you've got to live it”
Student: There is only one life…. I know! What else?
Presenter: Well…. you've got to live it!.... What do you think about it?
a. Two for one. b. Get it right in the end. c. Let's talk.
90. Identify the example corresponding to the six proposals for classroom teaching.
Ms. Barber in ESL class is trying to teach her students the present perfect tense. For that purpose, she gave the students a quiz in order to find out at what extent they have mastered the present and past simple and also about their knowledge of verbs in the past participle.
This conversation takes place in Ms. Barber class:
S1 Did you have see the sundown on the ocean?
T Have you seen the sundown on the ocean?
S1 Have you see the sundown on the ocean?
a. Get it right from the beginning. b. Teach what is teachable. c. Two for one.
Identify the example corresponding to the six proposals for classroom teaching. Mr. Martin delivers an ESL class which is a mixture of structural and comprehensive instruction has been put together. He does not correct errors all the time, he believes that his students will notice some second language features in the subsequent input and interaction. He calls it “low stress practice” and his students feel ok with that. a. Let's talk. b. Just listen… and read. c. Get it right in the end.
Grammar translation and Audiolingual teaching methods are examples of the… a. Get it right from the beginning approach. b. Just listen… and read. c. Teach what is teachable.
Which proposal requires comprehensible input? a. Two for one. b. Just listen… and read. c. Teach what is teachable.
One of the methods used by proponents of the “Let's talk” proposal is… a. Comprehension-based instruction. b. Meaning-based instruction. c. Task-based instruction.
Which proposal requires a content-based instruction in order to learners acquire a second language? a. Two for one. b. Let's talk. c. Get it right in the end.
The proposal Get it right from the beginning is characterized by… a. Lots of repetition, focus on grammar drills. b. Learners receive native-speaker input from tapes and books. c. Mixture of structural and comprehensive instruction.
In which proposal instruction is designed to follow developmental stages? a. Get it right in the end. b. Teach what is teachable. c. Just listen… and read.
One of the characteristic of the proposal Let's talk is… a. Pronunciation of vocabulary and grammar structures. b. Grammar drills and repetitions. c. Obligates learners to negotiate for meaning.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the “Get it right in the end” proposal? a. A mixture of structural and comprehensive instruction. b. Learners listen to books while reading along at the same time. c. Learners repeat grammar structures.
Content-based instruction in a second language is a characteristic of which proposal? a. Teach what is teachable. b. Two for one. c. Get it right from the beginning.
According the contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH), which of the following are errors? a. Students did not practice the correct forms enough to make them a habit. b. Students transferred knowledge of their first language to their new language. c. Students did not pay close enough attention to the language structure they were taught.
Which of the following illustrates why (CAH) turned out to be an inadequate explanation of learner errors? a. Bi-directional transfer does not always occur for every grammatical structure of two language groups. b. Learners do usually literally transfer idiomatic expressions. c. Learners develop second language when receive more input in that language.
Which of the following is a significant difference between Contrastive Analysis and Errors Analysis? a. Error Analysis predicted errors that students would make a Contrastive Analysis explained errors students did make. b. Contrastive Analysis predicted errors that students would make and Error Analysis explained errors students did make. c. Contrastive Analysis predicted errors that students would make and Error Analysis both predicted and explained errors students did make.
The main objective of error analysis is to do which of the following? a. Determine what learners make have memorized in contrast to what may be their current understanding of the new language. b. Provide the theoretical foundations of new teaching materials. c. Understand how learners process information of a language.
Which seems to be true about general developmental sequences? a. Second and foreign language learners from different first language backgrounds develop language features in much the same order. b. Second and foreign language learners and first language learners from different first language backgrounds develop language features in much the same order. c. Second and foreign language learners and first language learners from different first language backgrounds develop languages features in different orders.
Which of the following best describes the concept of interlanguage? a. Techniques teachers use to directly elicit the correct word from a student. b. When an incorrect structure becomes a permanent feature in a language learner's production even after prolonged exposure to the standard form. c. A learner's developing second language that is systematic and also dynamic.
Which of the following best describes the concept of Pragmatics? a. Study of how language is used in context to express such things as directness, politeness and deference. b. An ability to use language appropriately, although not necessarily completely accurately, to communicate thoughts and needs. c. A learner's developing second language that is systematic and also dynamic.
The use of a regular –ed past tense ending on an irregular verb is evidence of….. a. Errors similar to those made by young first language learners. b. Errors that show lack of knowledge of third-person ”s” ending. c. Errors made by proficient learner.
9. While there has been a rejection of the CAN, there is still valuable information to be gained about second and foreign language learning by comparing the first and target language. What are some potentially important considerations? a. Learners may avoid language structures which are very different from those found in their first language. b. Learners do not seem to recognize that they can use features they know to be similar in their native language to help them with their new language. c. Learners always use features of their home language in their new language when they know they are similar.
Which seems to be true about morpheme developmental sequences? a. Second and foreign language learners from different first language backgrounds develop language features in much the same order. b. Second and foreign language learners and first language learners from different first language backgrounds develop language features in much the same order. c. Second and foreign language learners and first language learners from different first language backgrounds develop language features in different orders.
11. Some features of learner language stop changing over time?
a. Fossilization. b. Recast c. Scaffolding .
12. Which of the following examples presents the correct obligatory context for the morpheme? a. Tomorrow I go to visit my grandmother (Present tense). b. Right now, I am play baseball (Present continuous tense). c. Last night, I sleep very deeply (Present tense).
In which stage of negation development would a person who says the following likely to be? I don't to go to the market. a. Stage 1. Negative element no or not. b. Stage 2. Not may alternate with dont't. c. Stage 3. Negative element after auxiliary.
In which stage of negation development would a person who says the following likely to be? He don't go to school anymore. a. Stage 2. Declarative word order. b. Stage 3. Fronting c. Stage 4. Inversion.
In which stage of question development would a person who says the following likely to be? What are you doing Saturday. a. Stage 3. Fronting b. Stage 4. Inversion wh-copula c. Stage 5. Inversion wh-auxiliary.
In which stage of possessive determiner development would a person who says the following likely to be? Janet likes his new class. She tells her friend it is fun a. Pre-emergence. b. Emergence c. Post-emergence.
For successful communication, which of the following is the most important? a. Use of the correct grammar (syntax). b. Use of correct pronunciation (phonology). c. Use of correct vocabulary (lexicon).
Which of the following are factors which contribute to vocabulary learning? a. The learner doesn't guess words in context. b. The frequency with which the learner sees and understands a word. c. The level of complexity of a word is not too high for the learner.
What is the risk non-native speakers run if they do not learn pragmatics? a. They will be perceived as a rude. b. They will be perceived as not knowing the language. c. They will be perceived as unintelligent.
Words that look similar and have the same meaning in two languages are called… a. Synonyms b. Cognates c. Antonyms.
Which type of instruction seems to be the most effective for teaching the pragmatic aspects of language? a. Explicit. b. Implicit. c. Structure based.
Communicative Competence refers to the following.
a. Vocabulary b. Pragmatics and pronunciation. c. Vocabulary pragmatics and pronunciation.
Some errors that are similar to those made by children learning English are called…. a. Pronunciation errors b. Developmental errors c. Grammar errors .
The error ”She is a lady beautiful” made by Spanish speakers who is learning English is an example of… a. Interference error. b. Vocabulary error c. Grammar error.
The word “pizza” is… a. Part of vocabulary borrowed from other languages. b. One of the words that appear in the 1.000 most frequent words in English. c. One of the most infrequent to Reading.
Hrashen (1985, 1989) has pointed out that the best source in vocabulary grow is… a. Reading for pleasure. b. Listening to songs in the target language. c. Limiting the amount of time dedicated to Reading.
The area of Linguistic that studies how language is used… a. Phonology b. Syntax c. Pragmatics.
Which of the following is an example of the sixth stage (stage 6) in the sequence for the acquisition of question forms by learners of English? a. What's the girl doing? b. Where is the sun? c. It's better, isn't it?.
The theory that second language errors are caused by transfer from first language is called… a. Acquisition – learning hypothesis. b. Affective filter hypothesis. c. Contrastive Analysis Hypotheis.
The term “Suprasegmentals” refers to: a. The sounds of a language that involve the melody and rhythm of the language. b. The study of how second language learners develop abilities to express intentions. c. An explanation for knowledge and learning. .
It is important to consider which of the following when observing learners moving from one developmental stage or sequence to another? a. Learners may use sentences typical of several different stages at the same time. b. It is clear when a student has moved from one stage to another. c. Learners leave one stage behind when they enter the next stage.
The use of expression “Hey, Buddy!!” when an employee addresses a superior shows the speaker does not master which of the following… a. Pragmatic of the language. b. Syntax of the language c. Grammar of the language.
The most effective way to help second language learners reduce their accent is to… a. Teach vocabulary. b. Teach fluency. c. Teach suprasegmentals.
Regarding second language speakers, Munro and Derwing (1995) state that the presence of a strong foreign accent… a. Results on very low intelligibility of comprehensibility. b. Does not necessarily result in reduce intelligibility or comprehensibility. c. May amuse the listeners.
Understanding the nature of learner language development helps teachers in which of the following ways? a. It allows teachers to know the different first language backgrounds. b. It allows teachers to have reasonable expectations of what they will be able to achieve in the classroom. c. It allows teachers to distinguish when a student had moved from one stage to another. .
While contrary to most teachers' believes, sometimes the INCREASE in learner errors is a sign of improving language acquisition. Which of the following is the reason for this increase in errors? a. Students are applying new rules to the situations, which leads to errors in previously memorized (but not necessarily understood or internalized) forms. b. Students are merely imitating, repeating the language they have been taught. c. Students are using the language features in different orders.
Which of the following is the best definition for Formulaic Language? a. The language that the learner is exposed to (it can be either written or spoken) in the environment. b. It is also known as chunks. These are language expressions or phrases that are expressed as if they were a single word. c. A learner's developing second language that's systematic and also dynamic. .
39. A person who learns a second language entirely through social interaction is someone who is learning… a. In a natural acquisition setting. b. In a structure-based environment. c. In a communicative based instructional environment. .
Learner response to teacher feedback is influenced by several factors such as… a. Age. b. Learning goals. c. Context, age, and learning goals.
According to experts, questions are fundamental… a. In observing students' interaction. b. In exploring how much students understand. c. In describing students' teaching practices.
Which of the following is one of the risks of using recasting as a form of feedback? a. Students may become self-conscious and may be reluctant to speak. b. Students may not notice the feedback. c. Students may be able to treat the language as an object.
In a Structure-based instruction the focus is… a. On the message carried by the language. b. On the language itself. c. On the learner's aptitudes.
The example bellow shows a classroom where Elicitation as corrective feedback is taking place during instructional time. a. S: Sue Norton live in Cuenca /T: What is the different from third person in Simple Present? /S: “s”. b. S: Sue Norton live in Cuenca /T: Excuse me, She………??? /S: Lives. c. S: Sue Norton live in Cuenca T: Lives. Sue Norton lives in Cuenca.
45. Structure-based instructional setting is based on: a. Vocabulary and Grammar. b. Communication. c. Social interaction.
A person who learns a second language entirely through social interaction is someone who is learning… a. In a natural acquisition setting. b. In a structure-based environment. c. In a communicative based instructional environment. .
Which of the following is a classroom behavior not used in the COLT observation scheme? a. Feedback on errors. b. Genuine questions. c. Syntax errors.
A teacher uses “Recasts” as corrective feedback in the classroom when he/she… a. Restates the student's statements without error. b. Points out the student's eroors and explains them on the board. c. Points out the student's errors and explains them on the board.
Clarification requests, Elicitation and Repetition are some techniques that teachers use as… a. Instructional approach. b. Corrective feedback. c. Observation schemes.
Interaction between students and teachers often depends on the type of learning environment and teaching philosophies found in the classroom. Which types of classroom most promotes genuine questions? a. A classroom with a structure-based approach. b. A classroom with a communicative approach. c. A classroom with an instructional approach.
In communicative instructional settings the focus is on… a. Accuracy on errors frequently corrected. b. Communication. c. Vocabulary and grammar.
What kind of Correction Feedback is taking place here: S: My mom is fat T: No dear, you should say: My mom is big. Fat is a little rude for people. a. Repetition. b. Explicit correction. c. Metalinguistic feedback.
The definition for Genuine question is the kind of question for which… a. The asker doesn't know the answer in advance. b. The asker does know the answer and doesn't use it so that learners can use their knowledge. c. The asker knows the answer in advance, but the asker uses it to talk about language. .
“Negotiating the meaning” concept is when… a. Students and teachers work together to understand what the speakers are saying. b. Students talk to others students in order to understand what the teacher is saying. c. The students are given the meaning of key words before reading.
A learner's immediate response to corrective feedback is called… a. Display answer. b. Uptake. c. Incorrect response.
__________ refers to the language that the learner is exposed to (it can be either written or spoken) in the environment. a. Competence. b. Input. c. Transfer.
Ethnography is a descriptive research in which the observer…
a. Seeks to persuade the members of a community to change their life style. b. Seeks to understand a group or community from within its own perspective. c. Seeks to talk about language in order to transmit information.
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