SLA

Learning is the act of a conscious process through formal instruction where the individual learns about the process ‘about’ the language. True. False.

Acquisition means to use the language to communicate. True. False.

Second language acquisition and learning is its own disciplinary field. True. False.

The European Union fosters second and third language acquisition. Correct. Incorrect.

Understanding the Spanish context for language learning, it is important to consider the socio-cultural context, education and methodological. True. False.

In the 19th century methodology implemented in the Spanish classroom included Grammar-Translation and the Direct-Method. True. False.

Spain already had bilingual education before becoming part of the European Union in 2002. True. False.

Second language acquisition is generally used only when speaking about learning a second language. True. False.

Foreign language learning is when the students are exposed to the L2 for half of the day, every day. True. False.

Immersion language learning is the best way to learn a second language. True. False.

Types of language learning. FLL (foreign language learning). SLA (Second language acquisition). BLL (bilingual language learning. ILL (immersion language learning).

The purpose of the grammar translation method… (choose all that apply). Is to read materials. Is to translate materials. Is to correct sentences. None of the above.

The stimulus-response-reaction interaction means…. Language learning is circular and a consequence of positive reinforcement. Language learning is linear and a consequence of negative reinforcement. Language learning is linear and a consequence of reinforced behavior. Language learning is circular and a consequence of reinforced behavior.

Universal grammar has five stages according to Chomsky; the babbling stage, the nonsense word stage, two-word utterance, developing grammar, near-adult and full competence. True. False.

The Monitor must meet three conditions to work effectively (select 3): Time. Knowing the rules. Filter noise. Focus on form.

Affective factors that relate to second language acquisition according to Krashen are: Self-confidence, performance and low anxiety. Self-confidence, motivation and high anxiety. Motivation and self-confidence. Motivation, self-confidence and low anxiety.

BICS represent the majority of language learner’s overall proficiency. True. False.

Overtime native L1 and L2 learners usually…. Reach a plateau in CALP but continue to develop phonology and fluency through schooling. Reach a plateau in phonology, but CALP continues to develop through schooling. Reach a plateau in phonology and fluency, but CALP continues to develop through schooling. Reach a plateau in phonology, fluency, and CALP.

The Zone of Proximal Development is leveled and hierarchical. True. False.

The use of ZPD in education is to: Gage what a child can do with assistance versus what they cannot do alone. Create a bridge between what students can and cannot do at the beginning of a unit. Create a static curriculum designed on what student’s cannot do. Create a dynamic curriculum based on what students can do.

Principle (learning history). Grammar-translation theory. Behaviorist theory. Universal grammar LAD (language acquisition device). Monitor model. BICS and CALP. Social interaction (ZPD).

When learning their first language children are… (Select 3). Creative. Imitators. Predictable. Cultured.

The processes of learning an L1 is different if children learn a language Japanese versus German. True. False.

In L1 acquisition the first stage is babbling this means that the children begin saying full words. True. False.

The Language Developmental sequences include (select 3). Negations. Morphemes. Affirmations. Questions.

Children do not tend to go through the same developmental stages at the same rate. True. False.

Differences in learning a second language versus a first language include... (select all that apply). Vocabulary. Instruction. Productive. Errors.

L2 and L1 learners go through the same developmental sequences when learning a language, first the silent period, then formulating speech and finally structural and semantic simplifications. True. False.

The communicative approach requires language to be meaningful through interaction and negotiation between learners. True. False.

Slang English is not universal though there are aspects that determine if it is Slang, which are correct?. Reduces formality. Increases Communication. Demonstrates groups. Includes profanity.

Language methodology rose during…. The 15th century. The late 19th to 20th century. 21st century. None.

Traditional grammar method meant that the study of literature was integrated into the study of grammar. True. False.

The Direct-Method is based on oral communication where the emphasis is placed on accuracy, pronunciation, and grammar. True. False.

Structuralism is based on the system of languages which means that the following are considered in the system… (select 3). Morphemes. Words. Phrases. Multiple sentences.

The Audio-lingual approach was initially used during the Second World War as a means of training soldiers how to communicate with allies and enemies. The approach is based on oral communication. True. False.

Drills and Repetition were meant to be... (select 3). Mechanical. Meaningful. Communicative. Productive.

The Natural Approach works hand in hand with the Monitor Model designed by Stephan Krashen. True. False.

Problems with the communicative approach is that there is no agreed upon classification of the functions of language within the field. True. False.

The communicative approach requires language to be meaningful through interaction and negotiation between learners. True. False.

Which approach was based on Skinner’s behaviorism theory?. Audio-lingual. Communicative. Natural. Structuralism.

Interlanguage is the space between an individual’s L1 and L2. True. False.

(The linguistic and cognitive space between the native language and the target language that one is learning.). A person’s L1. Interlanguage. The target language. Other languages the person may know.

Fossilization is the changes an individual makes in their L2 learning when they make errors. True. False.

Language transfer can occur in similarities or differences between the target language and any other language, which of the following is not an example of language transfer. Words from both languages which have the same Latin root. Calling a crayon a colored pencil. Saying, black tall woman. Both using the Roman alphabet.

Strategies of second language communication mean that learners attempt to communicate meaning through other means. True. False.

Students should work with the L2 in various modes of communication but this can hinder their interlanguage. True. False.

Interlanguage can become a version of a language when a small group of individuals speak the same way. True. False.

The fossilization of an interlanguage which has become a dialect is a product solely from past colonization. True. False.

Interlanguage can be influenced from the target language’s culture and the speaker’s L1. True. False.

Processes. language transfer. transfer of training. strategies of L2 learning. strategies of L2 communication.

strategies of learning. cognitive. generalization. metacognitive. approximation. compensation strategies. circumlocution.

Error analysis is significant for… (Select 3). State testing. Students. Teachers. Researchers.

Errors and mistakes are just synonyms for the other. True. False.

Performance errors are made when the learner is hurried or tired. True. False.

Corrective feedback is different from negative and positive feedback because it…. Corrects the error. It is self-correcting. Emphasizes a strength or demonstrated competency. Describes a behavior and offers/elicits an alternative action.

Reading errors are a result of lack of schooling or instruction. True. False.

Types of errors in reading may include... (select all that apply). Vocabulary. Selecting the main idea. Understanding grammatical structures. Identifying explicit information.

Types of errors in reading include literal and implied meanings. True. False.

There are two types of errors in writing, one is interlingual/transfer errors which refers to the interference from the learner’s first language habits. The other is intralingual/developmental errors which are errors produced which do NOT reflect structures in the learner’s L1 rather are overgeneralizations which are applied to the language that have been learned. True. False.

Errors in writing that do not include grammatical rules or vocabulary such as run on sentences or capitalization or punctuation are not part of error analysis in writing. True. False.

Young learners do not have a problem with errors in writing. True. False.

Oral feedback is considered…. Clear. Can be done by the teacher. Immediate. Explicit.

Written feedback is more effective than oral feedback. True. False.

Feedback should vary depending on who, when and how of the individual learners needs. True. False.

Feedback is mean to be meaningful for learners to eventually be able to. Correct each other. Self-correct. Understand why the correction is helpful. Question the feedback.

Listening is an active process which is integral to second language acquisition. True. False.

Students make errors when developing their listening skills as a result of... (select all that apply). Thinking listening is the same as hearing. Lack the knowledge of grammar rules. Speaking errors. Lack of reading.

Errors in listening are a result of a lack of listening activities within the classroom. True. False.

Speaking and writing share the same types of errors intralingual/developmental and interlingual/transfer errors. True. False.

Overgeneralizations are a product of what the learner has learned and not considering the rules. True. False.

Strategies to avoid errors include… (Select all that apply). Paraphrasing. Avoidance. Miming. Appeal for assistance.

Hear vs listen. Hear. Listen.

type of errors. intralingual. interlingual.

Multilingualism is…. Diversifying languages. The co-existence of different languages in society. None.

Multilingual contexts. Definitions. Multilingualism. Plurilingualism. Pluricultural.

An example of a plurilingual society and/education system includes… (Select all that apply). Madrid bilingual schools. British School System. Spanish School System. Non.

Having an imbalance in language competences is... A result of practicing listening and speaking in one language more than the other. Normal. A result of practicing writing and reading in one language more than the other. A lack of knowledge on the learner’s part.

CLIL motivates learners to learn content and language. True. False.

Of the 4C’s Cognition is the most important. True. False.

The 3A’s of CLIL include… (Select all that apply). Add. Apply. Assess. Analyze.

Spain has included language assistants as a result of implementing CLIL to…(Select all that apply). Provide language support with content teachers. Provide language support to language teachers. To provide a different cultural aspect. None.

To plan a CLIL project is important to consider the 4 C's framework. Cognition. Content. Communication. Culture.

3 A's to design lesson planning tool. Analyze. Add. Apply.

Learning Communities and Lifelong Learning Programs are…. a response to the globalizing world. a response to information overload. the co-existence of two programs in education. None.

Lifelong learning can be found in all professional and vocational contexts, it is not limited to education. True. False.

Learning communities focus on the theory and practice of individuals in the school context. True. False.

Individuals who can participate and benefit from the learning community include… (Select all that apply). Students. Staff. Teachers. Community Members.