S- A_R

Scenario: Planning to conduct research in the classroom to improve students' speaking skills by observing interactions and reflecting on teaching practice. What type of research are you conducting?. Correlational Research. Descriptive Research. Action Research. Experimental Research.

What is the main difference between pedagogical research and action research?. Pedagogical research is collaborative, action research is not. Action research happens in labs, pedagogy in classrooms. Action research avoids theory, pedagogy uses it. Pedagogical research seeks objective answers, AR seeks reflective solutions.

Teachers in a district are asked to collect data together on a new teaching method. What larger benefit can this bring?. Building a professional culture and learning community. Eliminating teacher reflection. Reducing collaboration. Individual competition.

Scenario: A key strength of action research is its depth, but this comes with a trade-off. What is a primary DISADVANTAGE that results from this deep, focused approach?. It is universally considered an unethical research method. It always produces simplistic and superficial results. It does not allow researchers to gain firsthand experience. It is unable to collect data from as many people as quantitative methods.

Scenario 4: Mr. Evans has identified a problem in his classroom and is beginning to plan his action research. He remembers a cyclical model mentioned in class. Which model, cited as being from Stringer, Johnson, and Mertler, represents the core cyclical stages of action research?. Question, Research, Present. Hypothesize, Experiment, Conclude. Observe, Plan, Act, Reflect. Introduce, Develop, Conclude.

Scenario 10: Researchers have collected survey data where students selected their preferred learning style from a list of options: (1) by playing games, (2) by doing, (3) by watching TV, etc. 10. The numbers (1, 2, 3...) assigned to these learning style options are an example of?. Quantitative value-based data. Open coding. Numerical codes for non-numeric categories. Selective coding.

Scenario 20: When establishing a "base of operations" for field research, a team should 20. Identify a location where they can find their target audience and?. Work without being disturbed. Ensure no one from the institution is present. Keep their research goals a secret from everyone. Entertain the participants with games.

Scenario 1: Professor Kim is advising a student teacher, Elena, on how to select a focus for her action research project. Elena is passionate about improving student motivation but is unsure how to narrow her topic. What is the FIRST piece of advice Professor Kim should give Elena?. Skip brainstorming and go straight to reading complex journal articles. Select a topic that is popular but not necessarily manageable. Immediately choose the most complex problem you can find. Brainstorm for ideas to generate potential topics.

Scenario 10: A research team is conducting a study in a shopping mall. They are confident they can recruit many participants quickly. Based on what has been learnt, what is a potential risk of being overconfident in an open space like this?. Open spaces are always the best place for accurate data collection. People in open spaces are often in a hurry, which may increase incorrect answers. Weather will never be a factor in an open space study. It is easier to find willing participants in a mall than anywhere else.

Scenario 7: Carlos is in the "Plan" stage of his action research. He is designing his intervention and data collection methods. What key elements must Carlos's plan include?. Steps to take action and how to gather information/data. A guaranteed prediction of the study's outcomes. Only a list of materials needed. The budget for the research project.

Scenario 12: When evaluating the "action-data connection" in a research report, a reviewer is looking for: How the taken action is connected to the data analysis and interpretation?. The number of participants who were interviewed. The cost of the materials used in the intervention. The personal opinions of the researcher without evidence. How the taken action is connected to the data analysis and interpretation.

Scenario 14: The rapid pace of social and technological change requires new approaches in education. How is action research positioned in response to this change?. As an outdated method that cannot keep up with change. As a method only suitable for corporate settings, not schools. As a purely theoretical exercise with no practical application. As one of the tools for change and improvement in organizational quality.

Scenario 16: Success in action research is not about finding simple answers but about managing complexity. +216. What is said about action research successfully manages and solves?. Simple, well-defined problems with one correct answer. Only problems related to student discipline. Problematic situations and practical problems. Theoretical debates with no real-world application.

Scenario: Studying if immediate online feedback improves students' test performance by randomly assigning two class sections to different feedback timings. QUESTION : Which research design fits this scenario?. Survey Research. Case Study. Experimental Design. Quasi-Experimental Design.

Scenario: Measuring the relationship between students' attendance and their final grades. Q: What type of action research model does this represent?. Comparative. Cause. Evaluative. Correlational.

Scenario: A principal wants to diagnose low student motivation and propose new teaching strategies. Q: Which action research model should be used?. Descriptive. Proposal. Analytics. Documentary.

Scenario: Researching common teaching practices in different cultural contexts through immersive study. Q: Which methodology aligns with this goal?. Case Study. Survey. Ethnography. Experimental.

Scenario: Comparing study habits of students attending traditional classes and those studying online. Q: Which action research model does this describe?. Evaluative. Comparative. Proposal. Descriptive.

Scenario: Wanting to know the effects of a new teaching method but cannot randomly assign students to groups. Q: Which design would you most likely use?. Experimental. Descriptive. Documentary. Quasi-experimental.

Which of the following is NOT usually a challenge for teachers doing action research?. Immediate salary increase. Limited time due to teaching load. Insufficient recognition of research work. Lack of access to research resources.

Question 1: Professor Martinez notices that her fellow English teachers are hesitant to try new methodologies despite professional development workshops. As an educational leader conducting action research, which leadership approach should she prioritize to create sustainable change?. Major Event Theory - waiting for a crisis to motivate change. Authoritarian approach - mandating that all teachers adopt new methods immediately. Transformative Leadership - establishing a shared vision, removing roadblocks, and creating a participatory environment. Attribute Theory - relying on her natural charisma to convince others.

Action research purpose Question: What is the primary purpose of action research in language teaching?. To replace university-wide policy decisions. To conduct theoretical debates with no classroom application. To systematically investigate a real classroom problem and implement improvements. To publish at least one paper per term regardless of results.

Scenario: A national education committee is working to revise the country's English curriculum to better prepare students for the demands of the global workplace. This effort aligns best with the core focus of Applied Linguistics, which is:?. Defining philosophical problems of language acquisition. Classifying language types using phonological rules. Conducting experimental research on universal grammar. Providing more efficient means of communication in society.

Teaching Reading. Scenario: A teacher gives students five minutes to quickly look over a long academic article on Applied Linguistics to determine if it is relevant to their current research topic. Which specific reading sub-skill is the teacher asking the students to employ?. a. Scanning. b. Skimming. c. Extensive reading. d. Reading for detail.

Scenario: A teacher notices that her students often use formal language with their peers and informal language with the teacher, failing to adapt their style. This challenge points to a deficit in which domain of the communicative ability?. Lexicon. Pronunciation. Sociocultural and pragmatic knowledge. Grammar.

Scenario: To assess the communicative competence of a student, a university uses a speaking grid that evaluates their ability to express themselves clearly and effectively using a wide range of language features. The overall objective of using such a grid is to place the student on a continuum of achievement, with the highest level corresponding to what general CEFR classification?. Beginner User. Proficient User. Independent User. Basic User.

Scenario: Ms. Carla observes that her students have excellent ideas for their essays but often fail to create a rich vocabulary bank before writing, resulting in repetitive language. Which initial writing activity should Ms. Carla use to help students generate varied vocabulary and ideas related to the topic?. Brainstorming. Acrostic. Index cards. Comic Strips.

Lucia is conducting action research on extensive reading programs and wants to demonstrate PROFESSIONALISM as an educational leader. Which action best exemplifies this dimension?. Setting the tone for professionalism by holding herself accountable to ethical responsibilities and taking courageous action to advocate for children's right to quality education. Following rules mechanically without considering student welfare. Avoiding difficult conversations to maintain popularity. Prioritizing personal convenience over professional obligations.

Juan is leading an action research project on improving English speaking skills in his institution. Following Bush's (2008) leadership definition, what should be his PRIMARY focus as an educational leader?. Influencing colleagues and students to identify with the mission of improving speaking skills so they work toward its realization. Demonstrating his superior teaching abilities to establish authority. Implementing changes without consulting others to save time. Focusing exclusively on administrative tasks and documentation.

Gabriela is implementing schoolwide action research on differentiated instruction. Which function of educational leaders should the administration prioritize to support her initiative's success?. Providing space, time, and trust that encourages school leaders and teachers to innovate while ensuring continuous professional development. Implementing rigid compliance measures without flexibility. Focusing exclusively on standardized test preparation. Micromanaging every aspect of classroom instruction.

Scenario: Observing students in group activities without disrupting them and taking detailed notes: Which data collection method are you using?. Interviews. Ethnography. Participant Observation. Non-participant Observation.

A teacher argues: “I’m too busy to do research; that’s for academics.” What would be the best response?. Research is unrelated to classroom practice. Research is only for full-time researchers. Action research strengthens teaching effectiveness. Teachers should avoid research to save time.

Which risk is commonly mentioned regarding action research in education?. It always produces biased data. It can involve costly data collection and analysis. It excludes teachers from the process. It requires no reflection or adaptation.

In Ecuador, universities are encouraging teachers to conduct research to improve education. What is the main benefit for students?. Students will have fewer exams. Students no longer need teacher guidance. Students develop organizational and reflective skills. Students can avoid traditional assignments.

A professor tells students: “My role is not to give you all the answers, but to guide your process of inquiry.” This reflects:?. Teacher as passive observer. Teacher as process guide. Teacher as possessor of knowledge. Teacher as knowledge transmitter.

Scenario 11: Dr. Evans is evaluating a completed action research project. She is using a framework of questions to assess its quality. According to Mills (2003), which question evaluates the practical impact of the research?. "What action have you taken?". "Have you presented the report in an acceptable format?". "How did your colleagues respond?". "Who is the intended audience for the report?".

What type of research method is best suited for evaluating the effectiveness of a new classroom strategy?. Descriptive Research. Action Research. Experimental Research. Ethnographic Research.

Which of the following is a characteristic of action research compared to traditional research?. Action research is conducted in a laboratory setting. Action research seeks reflective solutions, not just objective answers. Action research focuses only on quantitative data. Action research avoids participation from the research subjects.

In the context of action research, what is the role of the teacher during the research process?. To remain a passive observer. To actively engage and reflect on teaching practices. To only focus on student grades. To avoid interacting with students during the research.

Which research model is appropriate for analyzing the relationship between student participation and their academic performance?. a. Causal Research. b. Correlational Research. c. Action Research. d. Comparative Research.

In an action research cycle, after planning and acting, which stage comes next?. Reflection. Observation. Data Collection. Reporting.

What is the primary purpose of reflection in the action research process?. To summarize findings. To improve and modify teaching practices. To avoid errors. To report to stakeholders.

Which action research model is most suitable for teachers who wish to improve student engagement through new methodologies?. Proposal Model. Evaluative Model. Action-Reflective Model. Experimental Model.

What is the purpose of observation in the action research cycle?. To collect data. To reflect on previous actions. To prepare a report. To distribute questionnaires.

What is the main advantage of action research in the educational context?. It allows for deep, context-driven changes in teaching practices. It focuses solely on theoretical approaches. It eliminates the need for teacher-student interaction. It uses rigid, predefined methodologies.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of action research?. It generates results that are too simplistic. It requires extensive collaboration from participants. It always leads to successful teaching changes. It restricts flexibility in data collection methods.

In action research, what is typically assessed to determine the impact of an intervention?. Student satisfaction. The effectiveness of the intervention in solving the identified issue. The cost-effectiveness of the intervention. The amount of data collected.

What is the most appropriate method for collecting qualitative data in action research?. Surveys. Focus Groups. Tests. Observations.

Which data collection method involves the researcher actively participating in the activities of the group being studied?. Participant Observation. Non-Participant Observation. Surveys. Interviews.

What is the purpose of coding data in qualitative research?. To quantify the data. To categorize the data for easier analysis. To ensure the data remains objective. To test hypotheses.

When analyzing data in action research, what is the main focus of the researcher?. Identifying numerical patterns. Understanding the participants' experiences and the context. Minimizing the impact of external factors. Making quick decisions based on pre-existing theories.

What leadership approach is most appropriate when leading a team conducting action research on new teaching strategies?. Authoritarian Leadership. Transformative Leadership. Transactional Leadership. Laissez-Faire Leadership.

Which function of a school leader is most critical when supporting action research initiatives in the school?. Dictating curriculum changes. Providing time, space, and trust for teachers to innovate. Focusing on standardized testing results. Managing day-to-day school operations.

What should an educational leader prioritize to ensure the success of an action research project?. Direct control over every aspect of the project. Encouragement of teacher autonomy and professional development. Restricting teacher involvement in the decision-making process. Ensuring that the research is confined to theoretical analysis.

In a study aimed at improving student engagement through participatory action research, what role should teachers play?. Teachers should only observe students. Teachers should create an environment for student feedback and collaboration. Teachers should focus on testing and assessments. Teachers should maintain a strict authority in the classroom.

Which methodology aligns best with studying language acquisition in different cultural contexts?. Case Study. Ethnography. Experimental Research. Survey Research.

When conducting action research on second language acquisition, which area should be prioritized?. Grammar and syntax. Pragmatic and sociocultural knowledge. Testing vocabulary. Fluency in written communication.

Which of the following is most likely developed in students through applied linguistics in action research?. Vocabulary memorization. Effective communication in various social contexts. Focusing on non-verbal cues in communication. Repetitive language practice.

In teaching reading, which strategy is most suitable when guiding students to skim for the main idea in a passage?. Skimming. Extensive reading. Scanning. Reading for detail.

Which of the following is the best method to teach listening comprehension in an action research study?. Playing recordings without any pre-listening activities. Asking students to memorize key phrases. Engaging students with tasks before, during, and after the listening activity. Using only written text to assess listening skills.

What aspect of writing is most critical when guiding students to produce academic essays?. Phonetics. Grammatical accuracy. Vocabulary range and coherence. Pronunciation.

In teaching writing, which initial activity should teachers use to help students build a diverse vocabulary for essays?. Brainstorming. Reading comprehension. Grammar drills. Listening tasks.

Which skill is most associated with teaching speaking in a communicative context?. Writing skills. Pronunciation and fluency. Memorization of vocabulary. Reading comprehension.

When assessing communicative competence in speaking, what is most critical for evaluators?. Fluency and vocabulary range. Ability to answer questions accurately. Knowledge of cultural nuances. Focus on pronunciation alone.

Which writing activity should be used to encourage students to think critically and use a variety of vocabulary?. Brainstorming. Acrostic. Index cards. Comic Strips.

Which data collection method is best for understanding students’ spoken responses in real-time?. Interviews. Focus Groups. Observations. Surveys.

When assessing a student’s speaking ability, which framework is used to measure their progress?. CEFR speaking grid. CEFR reading grid. Listening comprehension rubric. Grammatical accuracy scal.

What method can be used to improve speaking accuracy in a second language?. Silent reading. Structured role-plays. Listening to music. Memorizing grammar rules.

What is the primary goal of reading comprehension in language learning?. Memorizing vocabulary. Understanding the meaning of text. Focusing on pronunciation. Recognizing sentence structure.

Which of the following is a key skill when teaching reading to second language learners?. Identifying every word's meaning. Skimming for the main idea. Focusing only on grammar. Reading aloud.

Which technique would best help students improve their listening skills in an action research study?. Repetition drills. Shadowing native speakers. Watching silent films. Listening with no feedback.

Which method is most effective in teaching vocabulary in context?. Flashcards. Vocabulary lists. Contextualized reading and speaking activities. Memorizing word definitions.

Which of the following best describes the role of grammar in second language acquisition?. Grammar is only needed for writing. Grammar should be avoided in communicative teaching. Grammar helps students understand language structure and use it accurately. Grammar is irrelevant to speaking practice.

What does pragmatic competence help learners understand?. Sentence structure. How to convey messages appropriately in different social contexts. Vocabulary expansion. Correct pronunciation.

Which of the following is essential when teaching pragmatics in language learning?. Only focusing on grammar and vocabulary. Ensuring correct pronunciation in every conversation. Teaching students about social norms and how they affect communication. Practicing spelling and writing only.

What is the primary focus of sociocultural knowledge in language learning?. a. Vocabulary and sentence structure. Understanding cultural nuances and appropriate communication. Focusing on reading comprehension only. Memorizing grammatical rules.