Syntactic linkage refers to the way in which speakers and writers recognize how words are put together within phrases or clauses. Word order signals one important form of syntactic linkage; another form is illustrated by…
the typical position of prepositions in sentences. the typical position of adjectives in noun phrases.
the typical position of determiners in verb phrases.
Choose the words that present vowel reduction phenomenon:
bottle, window, sky, cake nation, certain, student, pencil bag, tone, pitch, star.
What are tag questions used for? To reject information To check information.
To check information.
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Choose the option that matches with the following statements: “English has both regular and irregular verb forms, together with regular and irregular noun plural forms”, “English language has formal and informal greeting forms”, “Reduced forms are present in informal spoken language”. Register Prescriptive approach to language study
Descriptive approach to language study.
If you use Have + objective + base form of the verb , it means… to force a person or animal to do something. to cause a person or animal to do something. to persuade a person or animal to do something.
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Choose the correct option to complete the following paragraph. Nowadays, one of the most items found in the home is the sticking plaster. Protecting a cut by covering the affected area with a piece of material that sticks to the skin may seem a rather idea, so it is perhaps surprising to learn that the plaster was not until about ninety years ago.
frequent, evident, realized common, obvious, invented general, clear, invented.
Read the following characteristics to improve motivation in class and decide which of them are focused on “Using cooperative rather than competitive goals”. Choose the correct options (more than one). Work and insolate activities during a couple of hours.
Increase the self-confidence of students, including weaker ones.
Grammar exercises on the book, allow students be ready to complex texts. Well results working on teammates, role-plays and discourses.
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Read the article. Use the information to choose the option that contains true statements. In the words of most scientists, climate change works something like this: humans burn fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As a result, the atmosphere becomes thicker and traps more of the sun’s energy. Consequently, the Earth gets warmer, and various environmental problems result. If one accepts this explanation, then the problem of climate change begins with the use of fossil fuels. Supporters of not using fossil fuels say it would bring both environmental and economic benefits. If cars used less fuel,
people would save money by not having to go to the gas station as often. Furthermore, cars would emit less carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Currently, 6% of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere comes from cars in the United States. Supporters say this number could easily be reduced to 4%. Currently, the average car in the U.S. gets 27 miles per gallon of gas. Twenty years ago, it was only 17 miles per gallon. Now, the technology exists for cars to get 36 or more miles per gallon. Other people are not so sure. Some people say there is no evidence that carbon dioxide causes climate change. They also argue such
rules could seriously harm U.S. carmakers and make cars too expensive for the average person. According to General Motors Vice Chairman Bob Lutz, following these rules would cost $5,000 to $7,000 more per car. Environmentalists are quick to disagree with Lutz’s opinion. “ Everyone has to adapt to climate change ,” says Marie Lefferts of Earth First, an organization that studies climate change.
“That includes the car companies.”
Most scientists think the origin of climate change is warmer temperatures in the ocean. Scientists know that carbon dioxide comes from the burning of fossil fuels. Today most cars in the U.S. get 36 miles per gallon. Most scientists think the origin of climate change is humans’ use of fossil fuels. Scientists know that carbon dioxide comes from the burning of fossil fuels. Today most cars in the U.S. get 27 miles per gallon.
Most scientists think the origin of climate change is warmer temperatures in the ocean. Scientists know that carbon dioxide leads to cooler temperatures. Today most cars in the U.S. get 36 miles per gallon.
What strategy should an EFL teacher apply in the following situation? If a group of students presents serious word stress,
intonation, and rhythm pronunciation problems in class. Focus on developing learners’ communicative competence in English Identify specific pronunciation features that cause problems for learners. Make learners aware of the prosodic features of the target language.
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What is the meaning of the following sentence? My parents ought to have move away from that neighborhood.
They’re are going to move, but they’re not sure when. Moving was a good idea, but they didn’t do it.
There are moving away next week.
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Complete the following statement: The articulatory properties of vowels differ in several aspects from those of consonants,
mainly in the degree of vocal tract opening. It refes to:
Suprasegmental aspects Acoustic difference Physiological difference.
is the alternate use of two or more variables in the same conversation or sentence. It is traditionally considered a spoken, informal mode of speech but can also be found in writing.
Dialect Code-switching
Accent.
Read this introduction and choose the thesis statement. Many people disagree with the idea of requiring students to participate in mandatory community service projects. They argue that such projects are ineffective because they are often short term. Moreover, they say that these projects may even discourage young people from volunteering of their own accord in the future. In this essay, I will explain why these objections are incorrect, and will provide a number of arguments in favor of mandatory community service projects.
Many people disagree with the idea of requiring students to participate in mandatory community service projects.
They argue that such projects are ineffective because they are often short term In this essay, I will explain why these objections are incorrect, and will provide a number of arguments in favor of mandatory community service projects.
Literature is an important part of any Educational System because:
It´s often funny or entertaining It conveys the beliefs, behaviors and ideas of a cultural group
It often shows the errors of a cultural group.
When students deal with the so called Notice-Pattern-Contrast-Feeling model answering to key questions: What, Who, When, Where, How, Why , and What if ? in a poem, they are actually dealing with a model in which they discover:
How to interpret a text
How to write a text How to approach a text.
Sociolinguistics is a discipline that focuses on the study of how language and social factors are related. It basically explains:
the cognitive processes that enable human beings to acquire languages (native, second, foreign), construct a grammatically correct and meaningful sentences, and understand utterances, words, text, etc. how learning environment influences the process of language acquisition in general
how people of different social status, gender, age, race, ethnicity, speak and how their speech changes in different
situations.
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Choose the letter of the answer that best completes the following sentence. They make sure patients’ records
are accurate. This is one of their responsibilities have got to must to have got.
Local dialects or accents are often useful in literature because:
It allows the reader to understand sarcasm and humor It allows the reader to know something about the person without having to state it It is more romantic to hear someone speak with an accent.
In imperative sentences, as in the examples: Come here! Close the door! Listen to me!, the intonation is:
falling rising neutral .
Please choose the correct answer from the choices presented. Universal or global culture is used to refer to human civilization separated from nature and nurture the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of particular social, ethnic, religious or political communities.
anything from fine arts to soap operas, soda commercials and commodities.
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Some theories, models, and perspectives have different points of view of second language acquisition. Which of the following
options refers to the statement that “ Knowledge is constructed through interaction and collaboration with others”? The cognitive perspective The behaviorist perspective
The sociocultural perspective
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It is often said that ¨A picture is worth a thousand words¨. In what way can a painting or photo be considered literature?
They can show the style of clothes or architecture of the time They can show specific details of a given moment They can express emotion, culture and behavior all at the same time.
According to some grammarians, there are three types of : Simple, Compound, and Complex clauses sentences functions of grammar
.
Literature is important to a culture group because: It is a way to know exactly how everyone felt at that time. It always shows the best of the culture during that period.
It is record of the ideas, beliefs and practices of the culture at that time.
Choose the correct option for each sentence Janice must not understand me when I said I wouldn't be home for dinner. Janice mustn't have understood me when I said I wouldn't be home for dinner. Janice must not have understood me when I said I wouldn't be home for dinner.
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Subcategorization can be different for each verb. For instance, the example “Marcia went to the bakery” belongs to the
subcategorization rule in which…
Verbs are followed by a motion phrase.
Verbs are followed by present-participial verb phrases. Verbs are followed by a noun phrase and an adjective phrase.
When an adult speaker deliberately simplifies , modifies and adapts his/her speech according to age, status, education or cultural background of a speech partner, or mixes two or more languages in the same speech, this phenomenon is called:
non- standard language
language behavior code switching.
It involves everyone in the group, people can speak directly to each other and it creates equality through the groups; these are
some advantages of:
Circle arrangement Horseshow arrangement Separate tables arrangement.
Needs analysis can play a major role in determining the_________ content of courses, particularly for language items. steps of the environment analysis number of students for the course.
Decide which of the following statements correctly works as the hook of an introductory paragraph This essay will argue that it is possible for today's developing countries to industrialize without serious environmental
compromises, but only if developed countries are willing to provide financial and political assistance.
The need to limit human impact on the environment and to avert catastrophic environmental change is unquestionably the most significant long-term challenge facing policymakers today.
Data suggests that the industrialized nations are in fact making considerable progress in reducing their levels of
pollution and other environmental damage; however, developing countries such as China and India are industrializing rapidly, and it is widely believed that this industrialization is likely to have significantly negative environmental effects.
.
Read the example below and identify the option that contains the strategy that is applied by the teacher: In an English course
the students wait excitedly the end of a unit because they know that at that time -after finishing the unit- the teacher takes them
outside the classroom to practice what they have learnt. When that moment comes, before going out, the students take their
notebook and follow the teacher to the place he/she has chosen to go. The teacher uses the activates background knowledge strategy to relate previous knowledge to the new class. The teacher applies the small groups strategy and give clear instructions to involve all learners in the activity.
The teacher has established the predictable routines and signals strategy in which students react without any
detailed guidance.
Read the following example, then decide which type of assessment it refers to: During an English unit, the teacher administers a
weekly quiz that addresses all of the material covered for the week. The quizzes are supposed to motivate students to study for
the summative unit as well as provide students with a sample of the types of questions they may encounter on the unit test.
Formative assessment Summative assessment
Informal assessment.
Analyze the following situation. Which strategy is the teacher applying? As Miss Alvarado prepares her lessons for the next
week, she also gathers concrete objects to support the students´ understanding. Besides; her school is near to a little park where
she will be able to take the students on a walk to connect language acquisition with the surrounding environment.
Total Physical Response (TPR)
Integrated Curriculum Projects Realia Strategies.
From the following examples, which one does not refer to induction? I have a bag of many coins, and I’ve pulled 10 at random and they’ve all been pennies, therefore this is probably a bag
full of pennies Every time you eat peanuts, your throat swells up and you can’t breathe. This is a symptom of people who are allergic
to peanuts. So, you are allergic to peanuts.
Since all squares are rectangles, and all rectangles have four sides, so all squares have four sides.
Read the following research question and choose the research design it belongs to How welldo homeschoolers who attend college do compared to the ones who attended traditional schools? Mixed research design Qualitative research design
Quantitative research design.
What is the correct order of the stages of language development? Early production characteristics. Speech emergence characteristics. Preproduction characteristics. Intermediate
fluency characteristics Speech emergence characteristics. Preproduction characteristics. Early production characteristics. Intermediate
fluency characteristics Preproduction characteristics. Early production characteristics. Speech emergence characteristics. Intermediate
fluency characteristics.
Select the activity that helps students work on intensive reading. Using the information that you have read about cause-and-effect essays, write a well-written essay focused on the
positive or negative effects of social media.
Work in groups of three students and share information about one of the books you read the last week. Then prepare
an oral book report for your classmates Read the student’s introduction to an essay. Then answer the following questions: • Does the writer spark the reader’s
interest at the very beginning? • Does the writer go from broad general statements to specific statements?.
Choose the option that contains one of the steps to implement Learning Centers in the classroom? Flashing light signals Vocabulary instructions Identifying skills to be practiced.
Which of the following examples will you use as a source of information for investigating learners´ lacks in order to designing an
English course? The educational and public policy The scope and sequence of English books Analysis of learners' assignments
.
If a test contains natural language, meaningful and relevant topics and contextualized items that replicate real- world tasks, we
say that this test is . authentic reliable valid.
Read the following statements and choose the option that is a potential research problem Students find critical thinking activities more appealing Students feel motivated when using innovative applications in their devices. Students feel frustrated when teachers use traditional methods.
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Read the following statement and choose the information that correctly completes it: Therearesomemeasuresofcentraltendency;
one ofthemisthemean,which is .
the middle score among allscores the total addition of the scores divided by the number of scores the score that appears most frequently in a list of scores.
In the context of curriculum design, there are numerous factors that have one or more effects. For example, the factor “the large
size of the class” could have the following effects on the curriculum design. Need to use special large class techniques like oral reproduction, blackboard reproduction, pair and group work. Need to hire specialized and experienced facilitators on teaching English for specific purposes. Needtoadaptcontentandteachingmaterialtothelevelofthestudents,thatis,toconsiderstudents’needsand
wants.
Create coherence by arranging the random statements of a paragraph: 1. In these rural areas 70 percent of the available
agricultural land suffers from dryness and lack of irrigation. 2. As a result, the crops are usually marginal with hardly enough
production to feed the farmer's family. 3. The first fact to consider is that over 60 percent of the population live in rural communities. 4. In my country, one of the most urgent problems facing the government today relates to agriculture. 5. And without irrigation, agricultural production is wholly dependent on the uncertain rainfall. 6. To understand the nature of this problem one has to look at some of the facts.
2 -6 - 5 - 1 - 3 - 4 4 -6 - 3 - 1 - 5 - 2 4 - 5 - 1 - 3 - 6 - 2
.
Decide whether these statements are examples of introductory paragraphs, body paragraphs, or concluding paragraphs. The
main reason for people being unhappy with censorship in any form comes from their mistaken belief that an individual's private actions have no effect on others A related reason for dissatisfaction with censorship appears to be a false notion of the idea of freedom of expression of ideas.
Introductory paragraphs
Body paragraphs
Concluding paragraphs.
is a powerful application of context-embedded academic language that serves to support English learners in successful classrooms participation Total physical response Vocabulary role-play Modeled talk.
Decide which of the following statements correctly works as the thesis statement of an introductory paragraph. This essay will argue that it is possible for today's developing countries to industrialize without serious environmental
compromises, but only if developed countries are willing to provide financial and political assistance.
Data suggests that the industrialized nations are in fact making considerable progress in reducing their levels of
pollution and other environmental damage; however, developing countries such as China and India are industrializing
rapidly, and it is widely believed that this industrialization is likely to have significantly negative environmental effects.
The need to limit human impact on the environment and to avert catastrophic environmental change is
unquestionably the most significant long-term challenge facing policymakers today.
Which of the following steps DOES NOT correspond to the strategy Collecting and Processing words? Identify unfamiliar words in reading sections Identify key vocabulary Introduce synonyms and add them to the word collection with the original word.
Materials needto have which suit the students and their needs since some of them are appropriate for a particular
class but not for othe an appropriate and consistentdesign an underlying instructional philosophy, approach, method and technique a textbook, a workbook, pictures, CDs, videos, handouts, white board among others.
Needs analysis can play a major role in determining the . steps of the environmentanalysis. content of courses, particularly for language items.
number of students for thecourse.
.
Read the following paragraph. Then choose the option that indicates the type of essay used. There were several reasons behind our decision to move to Flemington. The first occurred about 18 months ago when Mark and I decided to start a family. We were living in a one-bedroom apartment and we knew that we wanted to move into larger quarters before we had a baby. We began to look at houses. Then, much sooner than expected, I got pregnant. Soon after that, Mark’s company announced that they were relocating to Flemington, which was in a less expensive part of the state, about 90 miles south of us. Mark’s company had been
good to him, and they were one of the few around with excellent benefits, family friendly policies, and a child-care center on site.
With a baby on the way, these things were imperative for us. Since I ran my graphic arts business from home, I wasn’t bound to
any particular place, so we began looking at real estate in Flemington and also did some research on their school system as well as the overall community. We were very excited about what we found—reasonable housing costs, great schools, and a lively town. Mark then accepted the relocation offer and we found a beautiful old Tudor house. We’ll be moving about a month before the baby is due. Let’s hope she doesn’t decide to come early compare and contrastessay cause and effect opinion.
This strategy gives teachers the opportunity to observe students as they read from texts at their instructional reading levels.
Read, Pair, Share Guided reading
Read-Aloud plus.
If a test is easy to construct, administer, score, and interpret, we speak about its______ reliability practicality validity
.
Which of the following are types of reading assessment: Imitative and Intensive Perceptive, Interactive, and Extensive. Form-completition, Cloze selection, and Grammatical transformation.
One of the specific characteristics of Qualitative Research is that we will include a substantial amount of information in the Literature Review. we analyze trends, compare groups, or relate variables using statistical analysis. we need to develop a deep understanding of the central phenomenon.
Giving clear instructions is vital for students. Which of the following is the best way to make sure teacher’s instructions were Asking students to provide with some examples Waiting for students’ questions after giving the instruction. Receiving tasks the way they were understood.
Choose the option that best matches this definition: Its purpose to be as useful as possible to the people who are going to use it. There are different formats; in most of the cases, the educational institutions are the ones who provide teachers with them, if not you can use the one you prefer. Pair work or group work The value of repetition Lesson plan
.
When the teacher aims at assessing acceptable pronunciation only, should be applied. paraphrasing dictation or cloze testing format imitative speaking techniques.
Decide which of the following statements correctly works as the general statement of an introductory paragraph.
This essay will argue that it is possible for today's developing countries to industrialize without serious environmental compromises, but only if developed countries are willing to provide financial and political assistance.
The need to limit human impact on the environment and to avert catastrophic environmental change is
unquestionably the most significant long-term challenge facing policymakers today. Data suggests that the industrialized nations are in fact making considerable progress in reducing their levels of
pollution and other environmental damage; however, developing countries such as China and India are industrializing rapidly, and it is widely believed that this industrialization is likely to have significantly negative environmental effects.
Select the questions that you will use if you are focusing on needs about genres and discourse types as well as sociolinguistic
skills.
What will the language be used to do? / What language uses is the learner already familiar with? Are the learners happy with the course?/ What content matter will the learner be working with? What activities will I get the learners to do today?/ Should learners be doing homework?.
Formal speaking involves taking long turns. This planning can be done in several ways. Choose the correct one: The learners should have the opportunity to work through a series of spoken tasks The speaker can look at the ideas that will be presented and find an effective way of The speaker should pay attention to turning ideas into speech while they speak.
Choose the option that best completes the following statement: A good ____ facilitates the reading, understanding, and
composing of a research study. It can be determined by examining the headings and by looking for the process steps of research. Research
Structure of the study
purpose statement.
Materials need to have __________ which suit the students and their needs since some of them are appropriate for a particular
class but not for other.
an appropriate and consistent design a textbook, a workbook, pictures, CDs, videos, handouts, white board among others
an underlying instructional philosophy, approach, method and technique.
A device used to evaluate open-ended oral and written responses of learners is called Scoring
Grading Rubrics
.
Analyze the following case: Mr. Castle’s kindergarten students know exactly what to expect when he starts singing, “Time to clean up.” They immediately begin to put their materials away. They seem to shift into high gear when they see their teacher pick up a book and go to sit in the rocking chair. They all know its story time. They quickly clean up and go sit on their carpet. They love to hear Mr. Castle read stories. What strategy is Mr. Castle using in his class? Manipulatives strategies. Visual scaffolding
Predictable routines and signals.
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When planning a listening and speaking programme for beginners the director should be aware that … Meaning-focus output is the desire of the students and should be tackled head on at the earliest opportunity. there should be regular opportunities for increasing amounts of meaning-focused listening input early in the course.
fluency will only come from speaking with native speakers – a preference should be given to contracting them to
work in the programme.
What is the correct order of the stages of language development?
Early production characteristics. Speech emergence characteristics. Preproduction characteristics. Intermediate
fluency characteristics. Speech emergence characteristics. Preproduction characteristics. Early production characteristics. Intermediate
fluency characteristics
Preproduction characteristics. Early production characteristics. Speech emergence characteristics. Intermediate
fluency characteristics.
Questions such as: What are the students´ current language proficiency?, How much input do teachers have on curriculum,
syllabus and material selection and use?, and What are the physical environments in which the course will be delivered? are applied to gather information about the __________________________ that influence on the curriculum design.
aspects concerning course participants, principles, and context process of curriculum like needs analysis, monitoring and assessing
factors concerning students, teachers, and teaching and learning situations.
Which of the following can be used to check the student’s skill at word recognition? Speed reading graphs Reading logs
Reading aloud.
Analyze the following case: To prepare her second graders for a field trip to the zoo, Ms. Allen brings in photographs of zoo animals. She introduces the animals to the students using the photographs and creates a chart by displaying the photographs and listing key information about each animal, such as the names used for the baby animals, and the animal’s natural habitat. A map of the zoo is displayed in the classroom and Ms. Allen teaches a lesson on asking questions and gathering information during the zoo trip. The class brainstorms questions they will ask the zoo guides about the animals and the students practice taking notes on their information sheets. What strategy to encourage active involvement is Ms. Allen using in her class? KWL and DataCharts Visual scaffolding
Preview/Review.
Select the option that encloses the main variables involved in language learning which must be primarily taken into account in
the process of EFL curriculum development and syllabus design: the learning outcomes, the social and contextual constrains the environment analysis, the learners’ needs, and the four language skills.
the teacher, the learners, and the role of instructional materials.
Select the activity that helps students work on intensive reading Using the information that you have read about cause-and-effect essays, write a well-written essay focused on the
positive or negative effects of social media.
Work in groups of three students and share information about one of the books you read the last week. Then prepare
an oral book report for your classmates.
Read the student’s introduction to an essay. Then answer the following questions: • Does the writer spark the reader’s
interest at the very beginning? • Does the writer go from broad general statements to specific statements?.
If test measures what it proposes to measure and offers meaningful information about a student´s ability, so this test is: Practical Valid Accountable.
Which of the following statements is a correct definition of strategy? A strategy is a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a very specific aim A strategy generally involves setting goals, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to
accomplish the actions A strategy is a careful plan or method for achieving a general goal usually over a short period of time.
Complete: “The importance of knowing how to lies on the fact that this is the main step to start a successful process of
investigation”
Define a research problem Convey reflections Validate information.
In the words: leap, lip, sheep, ship, the difference between vowels conscinst on: voicing lenght aspiration.
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