Which feature is associated with the tropopause? Absence of wind and turbulent conditions. Absolute upper limit of cloud formation. Abrupt change in temperature lapse rate. A jet stream is defined as wind of 30 knots or greater. 40 knots or greater. 50 knots or greater. The primary cause of all changes in the Earth’s weather is Variation of solar energy received by the Earth’s regions. Changes in air pressure over the Earth’s surface. Movement of the air masses. If the air temperature is +8ºC at an elevation of 1.350 feet and a standard (average) temperature lapse rate exists, what will be the approximate freezing level? 3.350 feet MSL. 5.350 feet MSL. 9.350 feet MSL. A common type of ground or surface based temperature inversion is that which is produced by Warm air being lifted rapidly aloft in the vicinity of mountainous terrain. The movement of colder air over warm air, or the movement f warm air under cold air. Ground radiation on clear, cool nights when the wind is light. What feature is associated with temperature inversion? A stable layer of air. An unstable layer of air. Air mass thunderstorms. Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high? Smooth air and poor visibility due to fog, haze, r low clouds. Light wind shear and poor visibility due t haze and light rain. Turbulence air and poor visibility due to fog, low stratus-type clouds, and showery precipitation. Which force, in the Northern Hemisphere, acts at a right angle to the wind and deflects it to the right until parallel to the isobars? Centrifugal. Pressure gradient. Coriolis. Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when Water vapor condenses. Water vapor is present. The temperature and dew point are equal. To which meteorological condition does the term “dew point” refer? The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated. The temperature at which condensation and evaporation are equal. The temperature at which dew will always form. The amount of water vapor which air can hold largely depends on Relative humidity. Air temperature. Stability of air. What enhances the growth rate of precipitation? Advective action. Upward currents. Cyclonic movement. The formation of either predominantly stratiform or predominantly cumuliform clouds is dependent upon the Source of lift Stability of air being lifted Temperature of the air being lifted. Stability can be determined from which measurement of the atmosphere? Low-level winds. Ambient lapse rate. Atmospheric pressure. What determines the structure or type of clouds which form as a result of air being forced to ascend? The method by which the air is lifted. The stability of the air before lifting occurs. The amount of condensation nuclei present after lifting occurs. What type of clouds will be formed if very stable moist air is forced up slope? First stratified clouds and then vertical clouds. Vertical clouds with increasing height. Stratified clouds with little vertical development. What type clouds can be expected when an unstable air mass is forced to ascend a mountain slope? Layered clouds with little vertical development. Stratified clouds with considerable associated turbulence. Clouds with extensive vertical development. Which of the following combinations of weather producing variables would likely result in cumuliform-type clouds, good visibility, rain showers, and possible clear-type icing in clouds? Unstable, moist air, and no lifting mechanism Stable, dry air, and orographic lifting. Unstable, moist air, and orographic lifting. The suffix “nimbus”, used in naming clouds, means a Cloud with extensive vertical development. Rain cloud. Dark massive, towering cloud. What are the four families of clouds Stratus, cumulus, nimbus, and cirrus. Clouds formed by updrafts, fronts, cooling layers of air, and precipitation into warm air. High, middle, low, and those with extensive vertical development. A high cloud is composed mostly of Ozone. Condensation nuclei. Ice crystals. Which family of clouds is least likely to contribute to structural icing on an aircraft? Low clouds. High clouds. Clouds with extensive vertical development. Which clouds have the greatest turbulence? Towering cumulus. Cumulonimbus. Altocumulus castellanus. Standing lenticular clouds, in mountainous areas, indicate An inversion. Unstable air. Turbulence. The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication of. A jet stream. Very strong turbulence Heavy icing conditions. Ice pellets encountred during flight normally are evidence that A warm front has passed. A warmfront is about to pass. there are thunderstroms in the area. An air mass is a body of air that Has similar cloud formations associated with it. Creates a wind shift as it moves across the Earth’s surface. Covers an extensive area and has fairly uniform properties of temperature and moisture. Which weather phenomenon is always associated with the passage of a frontal system? A wind change. An abrupt decrease in pressure. Clouds, either ahead or behind the front. If you fly into severe turbulence, which flight condition should you attempt to maintain? Constant airspeed (VA). Level flight attitude. Constant altitude and constant airspeed. A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude should report it as Light turbulence. Moderate turbulence. Light chop. What are the requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm? A cumulus cloud with sufficient moisture. A cumulus cloud with sufficient moisture and an inverted lapse rate. Sufficient moisture, an unstable lapse rate, and a lifting action. Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm? The start of rain at the surface. Growth rate of clouds is maximum. Strong turbulence in the cloud. During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts? Cumulus. Dissipating. Mature. What is an indication that downdrafts have developed and the thunderstorm cell has entered the mature stage? The anvil top has completed its development Precipitation begins to fall from the cloud base. A gust front forms. Where do squall lines most often develop? In an occluded front In a cold air mass. Ahead of a cold front. Which thunderstorm generally produce the most severe conditions, such as heavy hail and destructive. Warm front. Squall line. Air mass. What is indicated by the term “embedded thunderstorms”? Severe thunderstorms are embedded within a squall line. Thunderstorms are predicted to develop in a stable air mass. Thunderstorms are obscured by massive cloud layers and cannot be seen. Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm? Lightning. Heavy rain showers. Supercooled raindrops. Which procedure is recommended if a pilot should unintentionally penetrate embedded thunderstorm activity? Reverse aircraft heading or proceed toward an area of known VFR conditions. Reduce airspeed to maneuvering speed and maintain a constant altitude. Set power for recommended turbulence penetration air speed and attempt to maintain a level flight attitude. Which conditions result in the formation of frost? The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing and small droplets of moisture are failing. When dew forms and the temperature is below freezing. Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dew point of surrounding air and the dew point is colder than freezing. Why is frost considered hazardous to flight operation? Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoil. Frost decreases control effectiveness. Frost causes early airflow separation resulting in a loss of lift. In which meteorological environment is aircraft structural icing most likely to have the highest rate of accumulation? Cumulonimbus clouds High humidity and freezing temperature. Freezing rain. Where does wind shear occur? Exclusively in thunderstorms. Wherever there is an abrupt decrease in pressure and/or temperature. With either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere. What is an important characteristic of wind shear? It is primarily associated with the lateral vortices generated by thunderstorms. It usually exists only in the vicinity of thunderstorms, but may be found near a strong temperature inversion. It may be associated with either a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere. Which is a characteristic of low-level wind shear as it relates to frontal activity? With a warm front, the most critical period is before the front passes the airport. With a cold front, the most critical period is just before the front passes the airport. Turbulence will always exist in wind-shear conditions. Which forecast provides specific information concerning expected sky cover, cloud tops, visibility, weather, and obstructions to vision in a route formal? Area Forecast. Terminal Forecast. Transcribed Weather Broadcast. The Surface Analysis Chart depicts Frontal locations and expected movement,pressure centers,cloud coverage,and obstructions to vision at the time of chart transmission. Actual frontal positions, pressure patterns, temperature, dew point, wind, weather, and obstructions at the valid time of the chart. Actual pressure distribution,frontal systems,cloud heights and coverage,temperature,dewpoint,and wind at the time shown on the chart. Which provides a graphic display of both VFR and IFR weather? Surface Weather Map. Radar Summary Chart. Weather Depiction Chart. When total sky cover is few or scattered, the height shown on the Weather Depiction Chart is the Top of the lowest layer. Base of the lowest layer. Base of the highest layer. Which weather chart depicts conditions forecast to exist at a specific time in the future? Freezing Level Chart. Weather Depiction Chart. 12-Hour Significant Weather Prognostication Chart. What is the upper limit of the low level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart? 30.000 feet. 24.000 feet. 18.000 feet. The most current en route and destination weather information for an instrument flight should be obtained from the AFSS. ATIS broadcast Notices to Airman Publications. What is meant by the Special METAR weather observation for KBOI? SPECI KBOI 09185AZ 32005KT 1 1/2SM RA BR OVC007 17/16 A2990 RMK RAB12 Rain and fog obscuring two-tenths of the sky, rain began at 1912z. Rain and mist obstructing visibility, rain began at 1812Z Rain and overcast at 1200 feet AGL. To best determine observed weather conditions between weather reporting stations, the pilot should refer to Pilot reports Area Forecast Prognostic charts. A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude should report it as Light chop. Light turbulence. Moderate turbulence. When turbulence causes changes in altitude and/or attitude, but aircraft control remains positive, that should be reported as Light. Severe. Moderate. Turbulence that is encountered above 15.000 feet AGL not associated with cumuliform cloudiness, including thunderstorms, should be reported as Severe turbulence. Clear air turbulence. Convective turbulence. What values are used for Winds Aloft Forecasts? True directions and MPH. True directions and Knots. Magnetic direction and knots. SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions which are hazardous To all aircraft. Particularly to heavy aircraft Particularly to light airplanes. Which correctly describes the purpose of convective SIGMETs (WST)? Theyconsistofanhourlyobservationoftornadoes,significantthunderstormactivity,andlargehailstone activity. They contain both an observation and a forecast of all thunderstorm and hailstone activity. The forecast is valid for 1 hour only Theyconsistofeitheranobservationandaforecastorjustaforecastfortornadoes,significantthunderstorm activity, or hail greater than or equal 3/4 inch in diameter. What type of in flight Weather Advisories provides an en route pilot with information regarding the possibility of moderate icing, moderate turbulence, winds of 30 knots or more at the surface and extensive mountain obscurement? Convective SIGMETs and SIGMETs Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW) AND SIGMETs AIRMETs and Center Weather Advisories (CWA). What single reference contains information regarding volcanic eruption, that is occurring or expected to occur? In-flight Weather Advisories. Terminal Area Forecast (TAF). Weather Depiction Chart. The Hazardous In flight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) is a broadcast service over service over selected VORs that provides SIGMETs and AIRMETs at 15 minutes and 45 minutes past the hour for the first hour after issuance. Continuous broadcast of in flight weather advisories. SIGMETs, CONVECTIVE SIGMETs and AIRMETs at 15 minutes and 45 minutes past the hour. When are severe weather watch bulletins (AWW) issued? Every 12 hours as required. Every 24 hours as required. Unscheduled and issued as required. SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions potentially hazardous Particularly to light aircraft To all aircraft. Only to light aircraft operations. Which meteorological condition is issued in the form of a SIGMET (WS)? Widespread sand or dust storms lowering visibility to less than 3 miles. Moderate icing. Sustained winds of 30 knots or greater at the surface. The surface Analysis Chart depicts Actual pressure systems, frontal locations, cloud tops, and precipitation at the time shown on the chart. Frontal locations and expected movement, pressure centers, cloud coverage, and obstructions to vision at the time of chart transmission. Actual frontal positions,pressure patterns,temperature,dew point,wind,weather,and obstructions to vision at the valid time of the chart. What important information is provided by the Radar Summary Chart that is not shown on other weather charts? Lines and cells of hazardous thunderstorms. Types of precipitation. Areas of cloud cover and icing levels within the clouds. What is the lowest cloud in the stationary group associated with moutain wave? Rotor Cloud Standing Lenticular Low Stratus. At which location does Coriolis force have the laest effect on wind direction At the poles Middle latitudes (30°-60°) At the Equator. El codigo SKC se utiliza en el METAR cuando? La Visibilidad es menos a 10 KM. Y hay nubosidad por debajo de 5000 FT. La visibilidad horizontal es mayor a 10 KM. Y el cielo esta despejado. La visbilidad horizontal es menor de 10 KM. Y el viento esta despejado. En un mapa meteorológico y en una carta de vuelo, un frente oculido se representa por? Una linea de color púrpura, triángulos y semicirculos colocados sobre éste. Una linea azul y triángulos alternos colocados a lo largo de éste. Una línea de color rojo y semicirculos colocados a lo largo de éste. En el tropico el mayor peligro para una aeronave en vuelo cerca o dentro de una CB es? Los rayos y el granizo. La turbulencia. La mala visibilidad. What conclusion(s) can be drawn from a 500 millibar Constant Pressure Chart for a planned flight at FL 180? Winds aloft at FL 180 generally flow across the height contours. Observed temperature, wind, and temperature/dew point spread along the proposed route can be approximated. Upper highs, lows, troughs, and ridges will be depicted by the use of lines of equal pressure. (Refer to Figure 4) What is the height of the tropopause over Kentucky? FL390. FL300 sloping to FL 400 feet MSL. FL340. Which meteorological conditions are depicted by prognostic chart? Conditions existing at the time of the observation Interpretation of weather conditions for geographical areas between reporting stations Conditions forecast to exist at a specific time shown on the chart. (Refer to figure 5, SFC-PROG.) The chart symbols shown in the Gulf of Mexico at 12Z and extending into AL, GA, SC and northern FL indicate a Tropical storm. Hurricane. Tornado originating in the Gulf of Mexico. What flight planning information can a pilot derive from constant pressure charts? Clear air turbulence and icing conditions Levels of widespread cloud coverage Winds and temperatures aloft. (Refer to figure 4.) What is the maximum wind velocity forecast in the jet stream shown on the high level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart over Canada? 80. 103. 130. A prognostic chart depicts the conditions Existing at the surface during the past 6 hours. Which presently exist exist from the 1.000-milibar through the 700-milibar level. Forecast to exist at a specific time in the future. (Refer to figure 6.) What is the meaning of the symbol depicted as used on the U.S. Low-Level Significant Weather Prog Chart? Showery precipitation(e.g.rainshowers)embedded in an area of continuous rain covering half or more of the area. Continuous precipitation (e.g. rain showers) covering half or more of the area. Showery precipitation (e.g. thunderstorms/rain showers) covering half or more of the area. (Refer to figure 5, SFC-400MB.) The U.S. Low Level Significant Weather Surface Prog Chart at 00Z indicates that northwestern Colorado and eastern Utah can expect Moderate or greater turbulence from the surface to FL 240. Moderate or greater turbulence above FL 240. No turbulence is indicated. (Refer to figure 7.) What weather conditions are depicted within the area indicated by arrow E? Occasional cumulonimbus,1/8 to 4/8 coverage,bases below 24.000feetMSL,and tops at 40.000 feet MSL Frequent embedded thunderstorms, less than 1/8 coverage, and tops at FL370. Frequent lighting in thunderstorms at FL370. (Refer to figure 7.) What weather conditions are depicted within the area indicated by arrow D? Forecast isolated thunderstorm, tops at FL 440, more than 1/8 coverage Existing isolated cumulonimbus clouds, tops above 43.000 feet with less than 1/8 coverage. Forecast isolated embedded cumulonimbus clouds with tops at 43.000 feet MSL,and less than 1/8 coverage. (Refer to figure 7.) What weather conditions are predicted within the area indicated by arrow C? Light turbulence at FL 370 within the area outlined by dashes Moderate turbulence at 32.000 feet MSL. Moderate to sever CAT has been reported at FL 320. (Refer to figure 7.) What information in indicated by arrow A? The height of the tropopause in meters above sea level. The height of the existing layer of CAT. The height of the tropopause in hundreds of feet above MSL. (Refer to figure 7.) What weather conditions are depicted within the area indicated by arrow F? 1/8 to 4/8 coverage, occasional embedded thunderstorms, maximum tops at 51.000 feet MSL. Occasionally embedded cumulonimbus, bases below 24.000 feet with tops to 48.000 feet. 2/8 to 6/8 coverage, occasional embedded thunderstorms, tops at FL 540. A ceiling is defined as the height of the Highest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that covers over 6/10 of the sky. Lowest layer of clouds that contributed to the overall overcast. Lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that is reported as broken or overcast. What significant sky condition is reported in this METAR observation? METAR KBNA 1250Z 33018KT 290V360 1/2SM R31/2700FT +SNBLSNFG VV0008 00/M03 A2991RMK RERAE42SNB42 Runway 31 ceiling is 2700 feet. Sky is obscured with vertical visibility of 800 feet. Measured ceiling is 300 feet overcast. The body of a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) covers a geographical proximity within a 5 nautical mile radius of the center of an airport. 5 statute mile radius from the center of an airport runway complex 5 to 10 statute mile radius from the center of an airport runway complex. Which primary source should be used to obtain forecast weather information at your destination for the planned ETA? Area Forecast. Radar Summary and Weather Depiction Charts. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF). A “VRB” wind entry in a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) will be indicated when the wind is 3 knots or less. 6 knots or less. 9 knots or less. When the visibility is greater than 6 SM on a TAF it is expressed as 6PSM. P6SM. 6SMP. What is the forecast wind at 1800z in the following TAF? KMEM 091740Z 1818 00000KT 1/2SM RAFG OVC005= Calm. Unknown. Not recorded. From which primary source should you obtain information regarding the weather expected to exist at your destination at your estimated time of arrival? Weather Depiction Chart Radar Summary and Weather Depiction Chart. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast. Which is true regarding the use of airborne weather-avoidance radar for the recognition of certain weather conditions? The radarscope provides no assurance of avoiding instrument weather conditions. The avoidance of hail is assured when flying between and just clear of the most intense echoes. The clear area between intense echoes indicates that visual sighting of storms can be maintained when flying
between the echoes. When is the wind-group at one of the forecast altitudes omitted at a specific location or station in the Winds and Temperature ALOFT Forecast (FD)? When the wind Is less 5 knots. Is less 10 knots. At the altitude is within 1.500 feet of the station elevation. When are severe weather watch bulletins (WW) issued? Every 12 hours as required. Every 24 hours as required. Unscheduled and issued as required. SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions potentially hazardous. particularly to light aircraft. to all aircraft. only to light aircraft operations. A pilot planning to depart at 1100z on an IFR flight is particularly concerned about the hazard of icing. What sources reflect the most accurate information on icing conditions (current and forecast) at the time of departure? Low-level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart, and the Area Forecast The Area Forecast, and the Freezing Level Chart. Pilot weather reports (PIREPs), AIRMETs, and SIGMETs.
