BLOOD EXAMS 19-23

Hyperviscosity in disseminated plasmacytoma most commonly occurs due to paraprotein: IgM. IgG. IgA. IgD.

In deficiency of which factor is aPTT normal and PT prolonged?. VIII. VII. IX. X.

Iron stores in the body are represented by: Hemosiderin. Ferritin. Hemoglobin. Transferrin.

Combined chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma is: BEACOPP. R-CHOP. R-FC. We do not treat.

In which condition is serum erythropoietin not elevated?. Anemia due to bleeding. True polycythemia. At high altitude. Myelodysplastic syndrome.

Hypersegmented neutrophils are characteristic of: anemia due to B12 deficiency. CML. CLL. Iron deficiency anemia.

What is not characteristic of disseminated plasmacytoma?. Polyclonal gammopathy. Osteolytic lesions. Hypercalcemia. Proliferation of plasmacytoma cells in the bone marrow.

Which myeloproliferative disease is treated differently from others?. APL. AML. CML.

MGUS: Hypercalcemia. Plasma cells in BM <10%. Monoclonal spike can be large above 30g/L. Osteolytic lesions.

Examination in suspicion of hemophilia A: PT. aPTT. Platelet count. Bleeding time.

Intravascular hemolysis occurs immediately upon transfusion: Blood type 0 to a type A recipient. Blood type 0 to a type AB recipient. Rh+ to Rh- recipient. Blood type A to a type 0 recipient.

We find anemia and thrombocytopenia, with schistocytes in the smear: ITP. TTP. MDS. B12 deficiency.

Mainly affects platelets: Fanconi syndrome. G6PD deficiency. von Willebrand disease. hemophilia A.

When is fresh plasma transfused?. Platelets in thrombocytopenia. Albumin. Coagulation factors. For coagulation factors when we do not have the specific one missing available in isolated form.

Proteinogram image, gamma 1 spike increased: Plasmacytoma. .

Which disease does not manifest as pancytopenia: Iron deficiency anemia. Aplastic anemia. Acute leukemias. Myelodysplastic syndromes.

A woman, asymptomatic, has lymphocytosis, normal Hb, normal platelets, Gumprecht cells, how do we treat her?. Wait and observe. .

Pain, osteolytic lesions, decreased Hb, elevated creatinine, elevated calcium: Disseminated plasmacytoma. .

Laboratory report image: Elevated leukocytes, significantly elevated neutrophils, elevated lymphocytes, decreased platelets, decreased Hb, blasts, differential blood count: CML. CLL. AML. SOMETHING.

A woman, previously breast cancer, irradiated, chemotherapy, pale, bruises, decreased Hb, decreased platelets, decreased leukocytes, increased lymphocytes, decreased neutrophils: t(9,22). t(14,18). monosomy 5. t(8,16).

Normal MCV, decreased reticulocytes, decreased Hb: Aplastic anemia. .

When do we give a transfusion to a previously healthy adult: <7. >10.

What is the platelet threshold for a minor procedure (something small)?. 50. 60. 70. 40.

Which disease is treated with splenectomy?. hereditary spherocytosis. .

Where is AIHA not present: pernicious anemia. CLL. presence of IgM.

What is not characteristic of plasmacytoma: osteoblastic lesions. elevated calcium. rouleaux formation (coins). elevated ESR.

How is true polycythemia treated in someone with low risk for thrombosis?. phlebotomy to achieve Ht < 0.45. IFN. some biological. aspirin 500.

When are neutrophils hypersegmented: b12 deficiency. b9 deficiency.

What is characteristic of anemia in chronic inflammation: decreased serum iron + increased hepcidin. decreased ferritin. increased MCV.

Where are antibodies and platelets destroyed in immune thrombocytopenia: spleen. liver. bone marrow. heart.

When are both aPTT and PT prolonged, everything else is normal in the report: hemophilia A. vWB. vitamin K deficiency. something nonsensical.

Treatment of tumor lysis syndrome. hydration. alkalization of urine. diuretics. all of the above.

Why do older people have a worse prognosis in proliferative disease: because they are generally in worse condition. associated chronic diseases. unfavorable mutations. all of the above.

Which three blood count results are key to defining anemia (by degree and type): a. Hb concentration in blood. b. number of erythrocytes in blood. c. number of reticulocytes in blood (regenerative/arregen). d. MCH. e. MCV (macro/micro). a, c, e. a, b, c.

When is absolute eosinophilia?. parasitic infections. allergic reactions and parasites. none.

What is not reactive thrombocytosis?. bleeding. essential thrombocythemia. iron deficiency. chronic diseases.

How do we differentiate whether the problem is in the destruction or production of erythrocytes, what do we look at?. reticulocytes. .

What is a sign of extravascular hemolysis?. enlarged spleen. hemoglobinuria. Hemoglobinemia. methemoglobinemia.

How do we confirm the diagnosis of CLL?. cytogenetics. blood smear. immunophenotyping in venous blood. bone marrow aspiration.

Which disease is not myeloproliferative: thalassemia. .

What is characteristic of MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndromes)?. Cytopenia of one or more cell lines. Presence of BCR-ABL. Dyslymphopoiesis. Something else.

What is a B symptom?. fever. .

In which form of acute leukemia is there a high risk of life-threatening bleeding due to DIC upon the breakdown of leukemic cells during the first treatment?. A monoblastic L. A myelomonocytic L. A megakaryocytic L. A promyelocytic L.

A 63-year-old woman came to the doctor because she gets tired during everyday activities over the past three months. On clinical examination, her skin was paleyellowish, and a systolic murmur was heard at the heart base. No other abnormalities were found. Blood tests were taken. Hb 54 g/L, MCV 132 fL, reticulocytes 14 x 10^9/L, leukocytes 2.4 x 10^9/L, neutrophils 1.4 x 10^9/L with hypersegmented neutrophils, platelets 82 x 10^9/L. This blood picture was accompanied by LDH 62.8 ukat/L, total bilirubin 22 umol/L, conjugated 7 umol/L. Which of the following diagnoses would be most accurate: Hemolytic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia. Aplastic anemia. Refractory anemia. Hypersplenism.

What are the characteristics of lymph nodes in lymphoma?. Movable, painless, elastic, something else. .

Reasons for thrombocytosis: Essential thrombocytosis. Liver cirrhosis. Chronic inflammation. Iron deficiency. All. none.

Treatment of megaloblastic anemia: Oral iron. Oral folic acid. Oral methylprednisolone. Parenteral B12.

Characteristics of MDS: CR-ABL. Very enlarged spleen (>15cm). Impaired hematopoiesis with increased apoptosis of cells in the bone marrow. Dyslymphopoiesis.

Characteristics of MDS: Cytopenia of one or more lines. Cytosis of all lines in peripheral blood NO. Dyslymphopoiesis. CR-ABL.

Auer rods are present in: Myeloblasts (in AML and MDS). Erythroblasts. Monoblasts. Lymphoblasts.

How long do erythrocytes survive in venous blood: 100-120 days. 60-80 days. 40-50 days. 5-10 days.

What are Bence Jones proteins?. Light chains of albumin. Heavy chains of albumin. Light chains of immunoglobulins. Heavy chain of immunoglobulins.

What is often found in APL?. Infiltration of testes. DIC.

What applies to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance?. Spike more than 30g/l. Percentage of plasma cells less than 10% in bone marrow. Hypercalcemia. Osteolytic lesions.

Clinical case of a 60-year-old gentleman with some formation in the heart, septum 2.5cm thick, some nephropathies, etc., circle the diagnosis: Senile amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis. Hypertension. Something with kidneys.

From where do we take a bone marrow biopsy: Iliac bone. Tibia. Proximal femur. Something else.

For classical Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nodular sclerosis type, it is characteristic: a) it occurs more often in older individuals. b) it is the most common subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma. c) it is often localized to the neck and mediastinum. a+b.

Where is iron stored?. ferritin. transferrin. hemoglobin.

Difference in clinical presentation between folate and B12 deficiency: in folate deficiency, Hunter's glossitis does not occur. in folate deficiency, there is no neurological impairment.

Treatment of thalassemias - what is a common complication: accumulation of zinc. accumulation of copper. accumulation of iron. iron deficiency.

In which organs does hemochromatosis occur?. Hearts + kidneys. Lungs + liver.

Which of the listed is an inhibitor of hemostasis?. protein c. thrombin.

How many myeloblasts are needed? In acute myeloid leukemia?. More than 20%. Less than 20%. 10-20%.

For determining hemolytic anemia – which test?. Coombs test. .

Which antibodies do we have for cold agglutinins?. IgM. .

Bence – Jones proteins. albumin light chains. immunoglobulin light chains.

68-year-old patient with asymptomatic lymphocytosis, Hb in št. Platelets normal, on the neck tipna 1 cm node. Liver and spleen ok. On the blood smear with mature lymphocytes, etc Gumprecht's shadows - we will diagnose CLL. What is the further treatment?. We follow and observe. treatment in addition to more.

Which is a characteristic of plasmacytoma?. Polyclonal gammaglobulinemia. .

34-year-old patient. He comes to the emergency room with acute thrombocythemia. We treat her with corticosteroids. Thrombocytes are significantly improved (I think they are even normal). The most likely diagnosis?. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Immune thrombocytopenia.

What is the difference between vitamin B12 deficiency and folic acid deficiency?. anemia. weakness. glossitis. folate deficiency does not cause neurological symptoms.

73-year-old woman with new-onset back pain, dizziness, constipation. Pošan Ca, creatinine, serum proteins. Diagnosis?. disseminated by plasmacytes. .

Characteristics of myelodysplastic syndromes?. One or more cytopenia in venous blood. excessive proliferation of the myeloid layer in CM. Dyslymphopoiesis. BCR/ABL1.

Reasons for an increased number of platelets? (combinations). Essential thrombocytosis x. Iron deficiency. Chronic inflammation x. Liver cirrhosis.

In the laboratory picture, we find a hemolytic transfusion reaction? (combinations). Promoted by LDH. elevated bilirubin. elevated hemoglobin. hemoglobinuria. elevated haptoglobin.

We will perform pre-transfusion testing. The patient tested positive for blood on two occasions group 0. Blood group A was registered from before. Erythrocytes with blood group A were issued, crosswise the test is negative. How do we continue? (combinations). Let's start with transfusion. With the transfusion, we will wait, inform the transfusion institution, since it is the most likely an error occurred. Blood group 0 can receive blood from any group. Blood group 0 can only receive blood of blood group 0. The patient has no erythrocyte antibodies, the transfusion is harmless.

Anemia of chronic inflammation: Reduced iron. Increased ferritin. Decreased transferrin. MCV normal/reduced.

Tumorskega razpada syndrome – what is reduced in the serum?. Potassium. Phosphate. Calcium. Urate.

Hemophilia - which test?. aPTC. .

Myelophytic anemia - what is characteristic?. Infiltration of BM from cancer cells or cells of the second type. .

MDS – treatment. What is wrong?. Autologous transplantation is the only treatment method for complete recovery. Allogeneic transplantation is the only treatment method for complete recovery.

Leukostasis. Leukocytes with higher than 100 x 109. Symptoms of shortness of breath, impaired vision. Stasis in the pulmonary bypass - cured by diuretics. Hypoxemia healthy with erythrocyte transfusion?. In case of false hypoxemia, which is shown to us by PAAK, we prefer to use an oximeter.

33-year-old patient... Reed-Sterberg cells. Diagnosis?. Hodgkin's lymphoma. .

How does thrombocytopenia bleeding occur?. Petechiae of the skin and mucous membranes. .

AML. Unhealthy disease. Treatment depends on genetic and molecular investigations. Patients with a higher risk are admitted to the PKMC autologon. Patients with a higher risk are treated with allogene. APL is always treated with daunorubicin and cytozarem.

Two claims: 1) After autologous PKMC, the patient's blood group may change 2) After an allogeneic transplant, the patient cannot have a changed blood group, he must have one donor same blood group. Both statements are false x. Both statements are correct. the first is correct, the second is wrong. the first is wrong, the second is correct.

A person has anemia (Hb 85g/l, MCV 85) with elevated reticulocytes. How are you?. Transfusion of erythrocytes. Do not order transfusions - Coombs test - Medrol.

Characteristics of true polycythemia (combination). isolated erythrocytosis. erythrocytosis. elevated erythropoietin. JAK2 mutation. enlarged spleen.

How is Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment?. no healthily. BEACOPP. R-FC. R-CHOP.

23-year-old girl with mild anemia, Hb 112 g/L, transferrin is 50%, ferritin is 70 microg/L. MCV 65. Kaj ima?. thalassemia minor X. thalassemia major. iron deficiency. still some.

Blood count – visible elevated leukocytes, elevated neutrophils, moderate anemia, the platelet count is within normal limits, the blasts are elevated (it was a murder due to a continuous increase immature species). Diagnosis?. KML. .

With what time do we best monitor treatment with unfractionated heparin?. aPTČ. aPTČ and TČ. aPRTČ and PČ. platelet count.

A unit of blood increases the concentration of HB for: 10 g/L. Not from above. 30 g/L. 50 g/l.

Anemia in hypersegmented neutrophils with characteristic for?. Vitamin B12 deficiency. .

Haemophilia A?. By factor 8. By factor 9.

PČ/INR price motnjo?. Extrinsic sweat. Intrinsic sweat.

Freshly frozen plasma blood group 0 lekho transfundiramo?. Patient with blood group 0 RhD negative. To a patient in an emergency situation, as it is a universal component. Patient with blood group A RhD positive. A patient with blood group AB RhD negative.

What is characteristic of KML? (combinations). Leukemic window. Move to the left. BCR/ABL. Treatment with imatinib is effective. Treated with ruxolitinib is effective.

APL we connect from: (combination). DIK. bleeding. thrombosis. leukostasis. infiltrators in the CŽS.

Patient with AML – achieved remission. a. allogeneic PKMC ob ževannih faktorih. b. further treatment with consolidation therapy. c. sledenje merljive (MDR) as far as possible. all. none.

Disseminated plasma cells, when will we make a diagnosis? (combinations). anemia. osteolysis. monoclonal beak > 30 g/L. kidney failure. neutrophilia.

Blood count - 34-year-old patient, features of agranulocytosis (murder without NG), elevated body temperature. Previously healthy, she recently took metamizole. The most likely dg?. agranulocytosis after metamizole. .

Blood picture. Elevated leukocytes - markedly elevated lymphocytes, Hb 120 g/ L, Ht slightly decreased, had decreased platelets. Diagnosis?. AML. ALL. KML. KLL.

Which vitamin is involved in hemostasis?. VITAMIN K. VITAMIN D. VITAMIN C. VITAMIN B12.

MDS with low risk - which one is not used?. erythropetin. G-CSF. lenalidomide. non-myeloablative allogeneic PKMC+.