Cirugía pediátrica

which of the following congenital malformation is potentially lethal without emergency treatment?. congenital hip dislocation. cleft lip & palate. polydactyly. gastroschisis. congenital clubbing.

The following techniques, represent means of pre birth screening, with one exception. Ultrasound. MRI. Chorial biopsy. CT scan. Amniocentesis.

The most common type of esophageal atresia is?. Type I. Type II. Type III. Type IV. Type V.

Diaphragmatic eventration represents. The protrusion of abdominal viscera through the Larry space into the thorax. The protrusion of abdominal viscera through the foramen of bochdaleck into the thorax. Stomach sliding through the esophageal hiatus. Abnormal over rising of the diaphragm. An intestinal loop trapped into the central tendon of the diaphragm.

Positive diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease is set on?. Ano-rectal manometry. Simple abdominal X-ray. Abdominal ultrasound. Rectal biopsy. Trigography.

The diagnosis of various ano-rectal malformations is set on?. Perineal ultrasound to appreciate the depth of the intestinal end. Abdominal X-ray of the profile with the head down and with a metallic reference point (invertogram). Barium enema. CT scan. Mictional cistography.

All the following data on intussusception are correct, with one exception. It affects children under 2 years of age. Usually the cause is local lesion. Most cases involve the ileoceacal valve. Male sex is most frequently affected. The child presents sometimes bloody stools.

The treatment for a noncommunicating hydrocele consists of: The liquid pouch resection by scrotal approach. Closing the peritoneovaginal canal by inguinal approach. Puncture by laparascopy. Punction by scrotal approach. It can be used any of the early mentioned procedures.

Which variety of hypospadias is most frequent?. Anterior hypospadias. Perineal hypospadias. Scrotal hypospadias. Posterior penman hypospadias. Medium hypospadias.

All the following affirmations on Legg-Perthes-Calvé disease are true, with one exception. It especially affects boys. It has long evolution that leads to coxarthrosis, without an early diagnosis. Early diagnosis is set on pelvic X-ray. It occurs with limping and knee pain. Orthopedic treatment consist of discharge the coxo-femural joint.

Which of the following congenital malformations can leave important dysfunction without an early diagnosis and treatment. Syndactyly. Polydactyly. Congenital hip dislocation. Lip cleft. Congenital club foot.

In which of the following cases of congenital malformations the abortion is justified. Bilateral pyelectasis. Omphalocele associated with chromosomal anomalies. Gastrochisis. Esophageal atresia. Cloacal extrophy.

Which of the following etiologic factors of congenital malformations represents exogenous factors?. Viral infections. Drugs with teratogenic effect. Consanguinity. Chromosomal deletions. Ionic radiation.

The mechanism of tracheo-bronchic flood in esophageal atresia are: Fooling with saliva or milky by filling the upper end. Massive mucus secretions in the trachea-bronchia branch. Acid gastric reflux by esotracheal fistula. Dysfunctions in the production of pulmonary surfactant. All the above.

The hernia of the diaphragmatic dome has the following features: Abdominal meteorism. Abnormal hydroreic sounds in the thorax. Respiratory failure. The thoraco-pulmonary X-ray is normal. Hydroaeric images in the thorax seen on the X-ray.

Depending on the topography of the diaphragmatic defect there are several varieties of diaphragmatic hernia: Spiegel hernia. Larrey (morgagni) hernia. Bochdaleck hernia. Hiatal hernia. The hernia of the middle line.

The syndrome of occlusion in newborn consists of: Abdominal pain. Abdominal distention. Bilious vomits that can further become fecal, depending on where the obstacles is located. Miss evacuation of the meconium. Flat abdomen.

Which of the following defines the congenital megacolon?. The absence of nervous ganglia from the myenteric plexus. The macroscopically dilated area is the area with ganglionosis. The catheter exam is negative. The anal inhibitor reflex is present. Abdominal distention.

The following procedures are used for diagnosis of the congenital megacolon, with some exceptions: Abdominal ultrasound. Irigography. MRI. Rectal biopsy. Ano-rectal manometry.

Which of the following defines low ano-rectal malformations?. It represents abnormal development of the superficial perineum. The treatment consists in temporary colostomy. Functional prognosis is good. Other associated malformations are rare. The end of the bowel is under levator ani muscle.

Direct signs of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are as following, with the exceptions: Visualizing pyloric olive by ultrasound. Dilated stomach. X-ray image of triple level. Visualizing the pyloric canal by barium meal. The presence of the barium after 24h from administration.

What investigations are currently used in diagnosing and balancing of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)?. Esophagoscopy. MRI. Esophageal pH measurement. Barium enema. Thoraco-pulmonary X-ray.

The treatment of GERD consist of. Inhibiting the gastric secretions. Antireflux interventions (Nissen, toupet). Proclive position with the head risen at 30%. Decreasing meals and thickening milk. Drugs that stimulate gastric evacuation.

Primitive intussusception is characterized by: Its the most frequent variety of intussusception. It occurs at any age. It occurs due to an intestinal polyp. It has a seasonal character (more frequent in spring and autumn). It occurs in an apparent healthy child.

The signs and symptoms of intussusception can be as it follows, excepting. The child is dehydrated. Recurrent crises of colicative abdominal pain that appears regularly between crises the child is calm. Mucus and blood in the stool. Vomiting rarely appears as initial symptom. Abdominal pain is frequent from the beginning.

The treatement of intestinal intussusception consists of: Only surgically by manual reduction. Segmentary bowel resection in case of necrosis. Hydrostatic reduction using barium enema or a hydro soluble. Reduction by insufflating air through the rectum. The reduction most frequently spontaneously occurs, which doesn’t need any other supplementary procedures.

Which of the following statements that refer to abdominal tumors are true?. The nephroblastoma has a worse prognosis than the neuroblastoma. The nephroblastoma is a tumor that drives from the neural crest cells. In case of neuroblastoma there is high level of urinary cathecolamines. The tumors that frequently present X-ray calcifications are nephroblastoma neuroblastoma and ovary teratoma. The ovary cyst is most frequently a benign tumor of functional origin that develops at puberty.

Wilms tumor can manifest with. Haemturia. Exophtalmy. Volumetric growth of the abdomen. Disuria. Acute urinary retention.

Which of the following statements are true. Cryptorchidism an abnormal represents migration of the testicle towards prepubic region. The swinging testicle does not need surgery. Hormonal treatment can be an alternative for the undescended testicle. In cases undescended testicle that can not be felt in the inguinal canal there is no indication for surgery. Laparascopy can be used to explore an empty scrotum.

The spermatic chord cyst has the following characteristics: It is a tumor like oblong formation, suspended to the sprematic chord. The testicle can not be felt. Transillumination is positive. It can be reduced by taxis. Its treatment is represented by evacuatory puncture.

The partial permeable peritoneo vaginal canal manifest as. Spermatic chord cyst. Communicant hydrocele. Noncommunicant hydrocele. Inguino-scrotal hernia. Inguinal hernia.

The following statements that refer to testicle torsion in bigger child are true, except for. The torsioned testicle is higher located than the opposite one. Doppler testicular ultrasounds is useful for the diagnosis. In transillumination the content of scrotum is transparent. The testicular scintigraphy us compulsory to establish the diagnosis. In case of hesitating between testicle torsion and orhienpidimitis the result of cytobacterological exam of the urine is waited for the right therapeutic decision.

Regarding pathology of the peritoneo-vaginal canal, transillumination is positive in the following cases: Inguinal hernia. Spermatic chord cyst. Noncommunicating hydrocele. Stragled inguino-scrotal hernia. Communicating hydrocele.

The following urologic malformations are clinically inapparent. Obstructive megaurether. Uretro pelvic duplication. Hypospadias. The uretero pelvic junction syndrome. Valves of posterior urethra.

Sources of errors in the cytobacteriological exam of the urine in small child are. Insufficient local disinfection. Urine sample taken by suprapubic puncture. Urine samples taken from a urinary collector bag left more than 6 hours. Urine samples taken from a urinary collector bag left for 30min. Preserving urine at room temperature.

The diagnosis of the uretero-pelvic junction syndrome is set on: Ultrasound. Cystoscopy. Dynamic renal scintigraphy. Urography. Mictional cystography.

The following statements regarding the posterior urethral valves are true: It represents a severe uropathy that often leads to urinary failure. The diagnosis can be prenatal established. The frequency in both sexes is almost equal. Postnatal diagnosis is set on ultrasound. Valves ablation is endoscopically preformed by cystoscopy.

The following anatomical elements describe the bladder extrophy. Pubic diastasis. The penis has normal length but with an ectopic opening of the urethra. The clitoris is duplicated. It is more frequent in girls. Urinary continence is severely affected.

Back hump in a scoliosis. Represents the rising of a shoulder. It is result of the vertebral bodies rotation. Its a medial hump. It represents a pre vertebral deformity produced by the rising of the hemithorax. Reveals its structural character.