Class introduction

2. What is the main function of ATP in muscle cells during exercise?. Oxygen transport. Heat production. Immediate energy source. Muscle relaxation.

3. Which of these is a legal sports supplement?. Erythropoietin (EPO). Glutamine. Cannabinoids. Anabolic steroids.

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of ergogenic aid?. Mechanical. Hormonal. Psychological. Pharmacological.

4. Which energy system provides immediate energy using phosphocreatine?. Aerobic. Glycolytic. ATP-PC. Krebs cycle.

5. What is a key role of carbohydrates during exercise?. Tissue regeneration. Maintain blood glucose. Hormone production. Buffer lactic acid.

6. Which factor is NOT a WADA criterion for banning a substance?. Enhances performance. Health risk. Violates spirit of sport. Psychological benefits.

7. Which historical group used strychnine as a performance enhancer?. Chinese emperors. Ancient Greek runners. Roman gladiators. Viking warriors.

8. What is the primary fuel during a 400-meter sprint?. Proteins. Glycogen. Fatty acids. Phosphagens.

9. Which supplement helps buffer lactic acid in high-intensity effort?. Beta-alanine. Caffeine. Sodium bicarbonate. Glutamine.

10. What process becomes dominant during prolonged fasting or low-carb intake?. Glycolysis. Gluconeogenesis. Phosphagen use. Lipolysis.

11. What is the final product of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?. Acetyl-CoA. Glucose. Lactic acid. NADH.

12. What function do fats serve in aerobic energy metabolism?. Rebuild muscle. Act as coenzymes. Provide acetyl-CoA via oxidation. Generate ATP without oxygen.

13. Which supplement enhances vasodilation and blood flow?. Creatine. L-citrulline. Casein. Maltodextrin.

14. Which type of muscle fiber is fatigue-resistant and suited for endurance?. Type IIb. Type IIa. Slow-twitch. Glycolytic fiber.

15. Under anaerobic conditions, what is the final fate of pyruvate and what is its metabolic consequence. It is converted into acetyl-CoA, allowing entry into the Krebs cycle. It is converted into glucose, promoting gluconeogenesis. It is converted into lactic acid, which accumulates and causes muscle fatigue. It is converted into NADH, increasing energy production.

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