construct

Voiced sounds can be identified by: A. Absence of tongue movement B. Lack of airflow C. Vibration in the vocal cords D. Use of nasal resonance. A. B. C. D.

Elision refers to: A. Tone variation B. Syllable reduction C. Sound deletion D. Spelling irregularities. D. C. B. A.

Which English sound is most difficult for Spanish speakers due to its absence in Spanish? A. /s/ B. /z/ C. /h/ D. /ð/. A. B. C. D.

The aspirated [pʰ] in "pin" and the unaspirated [p] in "spin" are: a) Different phonemes b) Allophones of the same phoneme c) Examples of free variation d) Minimal pair. A. B. C. D.

Which intonation pattern is often used to convey uncertainty or hesitation? a) Rising intonation b) Falling intonation c) Fall-rise intonation d) Rise-fall intonation. A. B. C. D.

Which part of the mouth is responsible for creating plosive sounds? A) Uvula B) Hard palate C) Lips D) Nasal cavity. A. B. C. D.

Allophones are: a) Different phonemes in a language b) Sounds that change the meaning of a word c) Variations of the same phoneme in different contexts d) Letters that represent the same sound. A. B. C. D.

Allophones are: a) Different phonemes in a language b) Sounds that change the meaning of a word c) Variations of the same phoneme in different contexts d) Letters that represent the same sound. A. B. C. D.

How can intonation be used to make questions sound more polite? a) By using a falling intonation b) By using a rising intonation c) By using a flat intonation d) By using a monotone voice. A. B. C. D.

What is the primary difference between the words "coat" and "goat" in terms of their phonemic makeup? a) The initial consonant sound b) The vowel sound c) The final consonant sound d) The stress pattern. A. B. C. D.

The liquid /l/ is also known as a: A. Rhotic B. Glide C. Nasal D. Lateral. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following is a voiceless fricative? A. /z/ B. /v/ C. /f/ D. /ʒ/. A. B. C. D.

What is the function of rising intonation in questions? a) To express surprise b) To indicate a command c) To seek confirmation or information d) To show agreement. A. B. C. D.

The diphthong /əʊ/ is heard in: A. Bear B. House C. Boat D. Near. A. B. C. D.

Which feature applies to all nasals? A. Voiceless B. Oral airflow C. Air passes through the nose D. Glottal articulation. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following unralted to paralanguage? a) Vocalics b) Haptics c) Proxemics d) Grammar. A. B. C. D.

Which intonation pattern is typically used for statements, commands, and exclamations? a) Rising intonation b) Falling intonation c) Fall-rise intonation d) Rise-fall intonation. A. B. C. D.

What is the main function of the vocal cords in speech production? A. Filter sounds from the trachea B. Vibrate to create voicing C. Direct air to the pharynx D. Separate nasal and oral cavities. A. B. C. D.

What term describes sounds produced by air exiting through the nose? A. Voiceless B. Nasalization C. Alveolar D. Voiced. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following is a rhotic liquid? A. /l/ B. /r/ C. /n/ D. /j/. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following is a stop sound? A. /s/ B. /b/ C. /v/ D. /n/. A. B. C. D.

Which of these vowels is rounded? A. /i/ B. /ɪ/ C. /ʊ/ D. /æ/. A. B. C. D.

What distinguishes a nasal from a stop? A. Voicing B. Use of glottis C. Air escapes through the nose D. No articulators used. A. B. C. D.

A “comparative linguistic approach” in teaching focuses on: A. Teaching two languages at once B. Explaining universal grammar C. Highlighting structural differences and similarities between L1 and L2 D. Vocabulary memorization. A. B. C. D.

A contrastive study between English and Spanish could predict: A. Native pronunciation B. Spelling accuracy C. Typical pronunciation problems for Spanish speakers D. Dictionary use. A. B. C. D.

Which of these is an affricate sound? A. /ʃ/ B. /tʃ/ C. /f/ D. /d/. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following unralted to paralanguage? a) Vocalics b) Haptics c) Proxemics d) Grammar. A. B. C. D.

Which articulator is responsible for producing the /θ/ sound in "thin"? a) Tongue tip b) Tongue blade c) Lower lip d) Upper teeth. A. B. C. D.

In the minimal pair "thin" - "fin," the contrast is between: a) Vowel sounds b) Voiced and voiceless consonants c) Nasal and non-nasal consonants d) Fricative and affricate consonants. A. B. C. D.

What is the term for the rise and fall of the voice in speech? a) Stress b) Tone c) Intonation d) Rhythm. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following represents a phonological difference between English and Spanish? A. English has more noun genders B. Spanish lacks the schwa /ə/ sound C. English uses inverted questions D. Spanish omits articles. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following best describes "articulation"? A) The process of interpreting sounds B) The process of creating sounds with the mouth C) The study of sound frequencies D) The function of the auditory system. A. B. C. D.

The alveolar ridge is involved in producing which of the following sounds? A. /p/ B. /s/ C. /m/ D. /v/. A. B. C. D.

The vowel sound in “book” is: A. /uː/ B. /ɜː/ C. /ʊ/ D. /ʌ/. A. B. C. D.

Which type of linguistic variation is concerned with differences in pronunciation between speakers of different ages or social groups? a) Geographic variation b) Social variation c) Stylistic variation d) Temporal variation. A. B. C. D.

Which organization created the IPA? a) United Nations b) International Phonetic Association c) Oxford English Dictionary d) World Language Society. A. B. C. D.

“You don’t ↘ say!” shows: A. Rising intonation B. Falling intonation C. Monotone D. Glottal pause. A. B. C. D.

Which of these words contains a diphthong (a vowel sound that glides from one position to another)? a) "boy" b) "hat" c) "see" d) "pot". A. B. C. D.

What is a phoneme? A. A written letter B. A unit of sound with meaning C. A contrastive sound in a language D. A syllable boundary. A. B. C. D.

The aspiration of the /p/ sound in the word "pin" is an example of: a) A phoneme b) An allophone c) A morpheme d) A grapheme. A. B. C. D.

Why are minimal pairs useful in language learning? a) They help learners distinguish between similar sounds. b) They improve vocabulary. c) They teach grammar rules. d) They focus on pronunciation of individual words. A. B. C. D.

What distinguishes a phoneme from an allophone? A. Dialect B. Meaning contrast C. Language type D. Alphabet use. A. B. C. D.

Case: A student is preparing a presentation on how sound is produced in the vocal tract. They need to explain what happens when air flows from the lungs and the role of vocal cords in creating voiced sounds. Question: How would you guide this student in explaining voiced sound production?. Explain that the vocal cords remain still, and sound is created by air simply flowing through them. Describe how the vocal cords vibrate as air passes from the lungs, creating voiced sounds. Emphasize that voiced sounds are only produced when the tongue moves near the vocal cords. Suggest that voiced sounds happen only when air is exhaled slowly through the nose.

Which vowel has a neutral lip position and mid-central tongue height? A. /æ/ B. /uː/ C. /ə/ D. /iː/. A. B. C. D.

What does intonation describe? A. Vowel sound quality B. Rate of speech C. Pitch movement in spoken language D. Grammar structure. A. B. C. D.

Which word contains a diphthong (a vowel sound that glides from one position to another)? a) beat b) boat c) bit d) pot. A. B. C. D.

Which intonation pattern is often used to convey politeness or uncertainty? a) Rising intonation b) Falling intonation c) Fall-rise intonation d) Level intonation. A. B. C. D.

What helps show doubt in a speaker’s voice? A. Loudness B. Flat tone C. Fall-rise intonation D. Exclamation. A. B. C. D.

How many phonemes are there in the word "straight"? a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8. A. B. C. D.

Which transcription represents the word “funetic”? A. /fəntɪk/ B. /fənɛtɪk/ C. /fənəʃ/ D. /fɪnətʃ/. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following words contains the phoneme /ð/? a) thin b) then c) think d) theme. A. B. C. D.

What is the term for a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, occurring in different phonetic contexts? a) Minimal pair b) Allophone c) Diphthong d) Morph. A. B. C. D.

Which articulators typically produce fricatives? A. Lips only B. Vocal cords C. Tongue, teeth, lips D. Glottis. A. B. C. D.

A student is analyzing how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) could help in accurately learning the pronunciation of words in a foreign language. Question: How would you explain the value of the IPA in representing sounds unambiguously, especially in a language they are unfamiliar with?. State that the IPA provides a one-to-one match between sounds and symbols, making pronunciation consistent. Mention that the IPA uses English letters to make all sounds easier to understand. Suggest that IPA symbols are approximate and vary based on language accents. Explain that the IPA is only used for languages that use the Latin alphabet.

What is the term for the perceived "highness" or "lowness" of a sound? a) Tone b) Pitch c) Loudness d) Rhythm. A. B. C. D.

Contrastive Analysis differs from Error Analysis because it is: A. Descriptive B. Observational C. Predictive D. Corrective. A. B. C. D.

Where are alveolar sounds produced? A. Between the lips B. Behind the upper teeth C. In the throat D. At the back of the tongue. A. B. C. D.

Which of these is a nasal sound? A. /d/ B. /f/ C. /m/ D. /tʃ/. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following represents a phoneme? a) [th] b) /ʃ/ c) ch d) ai. A. B. C. D.

Which sound is both voiced and an affricate? A. /tʃ/ B. /ʃ/ C. /dʒ/ D. /h/. A. B. C. D.

Which sound is considered post-alveolar? A. /tʃ/ B. /s/ C. /p/ D. /n/. A. B. C. D.

Why is the IPA useful for languages with inconsistent spelling systems? a) It provides a standardized way to represent sounds regardless of spelling. b) It helps learners memorize complex spelling rules. c) It simplifies the writing system of the language. d) It eliminates the need for dictionaries. A. B. C. D.

What is the term for a set of words that differ in meaning by only one phoneme? a) Minimal pair b) Allophone set c) Phonemic inventory d) Phonological rule. A. B. C. D.

What distinguishes tense vowels from lax vowels? A. Tongue backness B. Duration and muscle tension C. Voicing D. Nasality. A. B. C. D.

Case: You’re observing a student who is struggling to identify the function of the alveolar ridge in speech. They know where it is but are unsure about how it contributes to sound formation. Question: What methods could you use to help this student understand the role of the alveolar ridge?. Explain that the alveolar ridge is where the air stops after it leaves the lungs. Show how the tongue touches the alveolar ridge to create sounds like /t/ and /d/. Describe how the vocal cords interact directly with the alveolar ridge to produce sound. Indicate that the alveolar ridge is primarily responsible for nasal sounds.

The affricate /tʃ/ begins with which type of sound? A. Fricative B. Stop C. Glide D. Liquid. A. B. C. D.

Which of the following is an example of vocalics? a) Maintaining eye contact b) Speaking loudly c) Smiling d) Standing close to someone. A. B. C. D.

The space between the vocal folds is known as the: A. Larynx B. Pharynx C. Glottis D. Uvula. A. B. C. D.

Which intonation pattern is often used to convey uncertainty or hesitation? a) Rising intonation b) Falling intonation c) Fall-rise intonation d) Rise-fall intonation. A. B. C. D.

In the word "dogs," which sound is voiced? a) /d/ b) /ɒ/ c) /g/ d) /z/. A. B. C. D.

A diphthong is defined as: A. A long vowel sound B. A vowel pronounced with two articulatory positions C. A combination of a vowel and a consonant D. A central vowel. A. B. C. D.

What are the muscular bands at the base of the larynx called? A. Vocal cords B. Pharynx C. Glottis D. Uvula. A. B. C. D.

What does the transcription /sʌn/ represent? A. soon B. sign C. sun D. seen. A. B. C. D.

What is the term for the perceived "highness" or "lowness" of a sound? a) Tone b) Pitch c) Loudness d) Rhythm. A. B. C. D.

What is the tongue height for the vowel /e/? A. Close B. Mid-close C. Between half-close and half-open D. Open. A. B. C. D.