CUESTIONARIO DE MORPHOLOGY & SYNTAX

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q. In the text, the word "boxes" is best analyzed as: Root: box + derivational suffix -es forming a new lexeme. Root: box + allomorphic irregular plural. Root: box + inflectional plural -es (/ɪz/). Root: box + inflectional plural -s (/s/).

The plural ending in books belongs to which allomorph group?. /z/. /s/. irregular form. /ɪz/.

Why is the plural form wolves considered irregular?. Because the final -f changes to -ves while marking plurality. Because the plural ending is deleted. Because the root vowel changes. Because the final consonant is replaced with another letter.

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q. Which explanation best fits the plural mice in the passage?. Derivational change from mouse → mice. Borrowed plural form from another language. Suppletive form replacing the expected mouses. Root + -s, where spelling changes cause irregularity.

The word children is: Regular plural allomorph. A derivational form from child. Inflectional plural only. Double marking of plurality with irregular + inflection.

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q. The word "teaches" in the passage illustrates: Conversion from noun to verb. Derivation because it adds new meaning. Inflection for 3rd person singular present tense. Allomorphy of the root teach.

Which best explains the difference between teaches and teaching?. Teaches is derivational, teaching is inflectional. Both are inflectional forms but differ in tense and aspect. Both are derivational because they form new words. Teaches shows inflection, teaching shows conversion.

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q. The word "unmotivated" in the passage contains: Only inflectional affixes. No affixes, just a root. Both inflectional and derivational affixes. Only derivational affixes.

Which is the best morpheme breakdown of "unmotivated"?. un- (inflectional) + motivate (root). motivate (root) + -ed (inflectional). un- (derivational) + motivate (root) + -ed (derivational). un- (derivational) + motivate (root) + -ed (derivational).

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q. The word "transformed" in the text illustrates: Inflection only. Suppletion. Derivation only. Root (form) + prefix trans- (derivational) + -ed (inflectional past tense).

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q.The word "happiest" in the passage is: Root happy + derivational -est forming a new lexeme. Root happy + bound morpheme with allomorphy. Root happy + inflectional superlative suffix. Root happy + inflectional comparative suffix.

The word "resources" is best classified as: Derivational suffix -s forming a new meaning. Irregular plural form. Conversion from verb to noun. Root resource + inflectional plural -s.

In widens, the suffix -s indicates: Plural marking on the root wide. Inflection for 3rd person singular present. Comparative form of an adjective. Derivation of a new noun.

The lexeme of the words teaches, teaching, taught is: Teach. Taught. Teaching. Teacher.

Which explanation best distinguishes inflection from derivation?. Both processes create irregular forms. Inflection changes meaning, derivation keeps meaning. Inflection occurs in verbs only, derivation in nouns only. Inflection adds grammatical information, derivation forms new lexemes.

Why is researches in the text controversial as a plural?. Because it is derived, not inflected. Because it shows vowel alternation. Because it is borrowed from French. Because “research” is usually uncountable.

Which plural morpheme represents the /z/ allomorph?. boxes. mice. books. resources.

Q. Which word illustrates conversion?. Create → creates. Research → researches. Game → games. Library → libraries.

The morpheme -ed in created signals: Suppletive allomorphy. Derivation into a noun. Irregular verb alternation. Inflection for past tense.

Which best explains the irregular plural sheep (implied in contrast to other animals)?. Sheep takes a derivational suffix. Sheep has a null morpheme for plural. Sheep plural is borrowed from German. Sheep uses /z/ as an irregular allomorph.

The word "motivate" functions as a: Prosodic word only. Inflectional affix. Bound morpheme. Free morpheme root.

Which of the following pairs illustrates allomorphy of the plural morpheme?. boxes / dogs. teaching / teaches. unmotivated / motivated. children / happy.

Last weekend, Maria and her classmates visited two different libraries in the city. The first one had many boxes of old books, journals, and magazines, while the second library displayed the newest publications and researches. Maria noticed how technology had transformed reading habits. Some students were unmotivated to read printed materials, but others became more motivated when they found digital resources. In the children’s section, a group of boys and girls were playing an educational game that teaches them about wolves, mice, and other wild animals. The teacher explained that the happiest learners were those who participated actively. She also said that reading widens vocabulary and creates better opportunities for the future. Q. The passage uses the word publications. The morpheme -tion in this word is: Inflectional suffix marking number. Suppletive form. A plural irregular form. Derivational suffix turning a verb into a noun.

Why is happiest not a derivation?. Because it adds a prefix. Because it changes the meaning entirely. Because it comes from another language. Because it does not create a new word class.

Which pair of words contrasts inflection vs. derivation?. wolves vs. mice. boxes vs. books. libraries vs. motivation. game vs. teaches.

Which is the most accurate morpheme breakdown of creates?. create (root) + -es (derivational suffix). create (derivation) + -s (inflection). create (root) + -s (3rd person singular inflection). create (root) + -s (plural noun).

Why is journals considered a regular plural?. It changes spelling when pluralized. It is suppletive. It involves derivation. It uses the expected -s ending without irregularity.

Which of the following is the most accurate teaching explanation for students about mice?. It comes from a Latin plural form. It is created by analogy to verbs. It is formed by adding a derivational suffix. It is an exception to plural rules that must be memorized.

Which classroom activity best practices plural allomorphy from the passage?. Students write derivational affixes only. Teacher lectures about plural morphemes with no examples. Students memorize irregular plurals from a list. Students underline words in a text and categorize plurals by pronunciation.

Why is analyzing morphemes and allomorphs useful for teachers?. It makes English appear more complicated. It is only necessary in advanced syntax. It only helps linguists, not teachers. It helps explain irregularities and supports vocabulary learning.

The suffix -ed in walked is derivational. True. False.

Which pair represents different lexemes?. Walk / Walked. Teach / Teacher. Run / Runs. Teach / Teaching.

Can derivation change both the meaning and the grammatical category of a base word?. True. False.

Clipping changes a word’s grammatical category. True. False.

Inflection adds grammatical information without creating a new lexeme. True. False.

A lexeme represents a set of related word forms,. True. False.

What does lexical morphology mainly study?. Syntactic functions. Inflectional endings only. Sentence structures. Word formation and structure through derivation and compounding.

The comparative and superlative forms (e.g., tall → taller → tallest) illustrate: Word-based morphology. Lexeme-based morphology. Derivational morphology. Inflectional morphology.

Which morphology model focuses on the lexeme as the central unit of analysis?. Affix-based morphology. Morpheme-based morphology. Word-based morphology. Lexeme-based morphology.

Which model considers whole words as the primary unit of analysis?. Word-based. Word-based. Affix-based. Lexeme-based.

Inflection typically changes the grammatical category of a word. True. False.

A morpheme is always equal to a word. True. False.

Which of the following is the smallest unit of meaning in a language?. Sentence. Word. Lexeme. Morpheme.

Which of these is an example of inflection?. Nation → National. Write → Writer. Happy → Happiness. Tall → Taller.

Which of these belongs to word-based morphology?. Creating "editor → edit". Forming "national → nationality". Adding -s for plural. Adding -ed for past tense.

The lexeme in drives, drove, driven, driving is: Drive. Driven. Driving. Drives.

The word happiness is formed through compounding. True. False.

Derivation often results in new words being added to the lexicon. True. False.

Syntax studies morphemes and their internal structures. True. False.

Lexical morphology deals with how words are stored in the mental lexicon. true. false.

In bookshelf, the process involved is: Clipping. Backformation. Compounding. Conversion.

In dependently, which is the root?. de-. -ly. depend. -ent.

Which of the following is an inflectional suffix?. -er (in teacher). -ness. -ly. -ing.

Which process created the word edit from editor?. Conversion. Clipping. Compounding. Backformation.

The lexeme run includes forms like runs, ran, running. true. false.

Which of the following is an example of derivation?. Teach → Teaches. Teach → Teacher. Teach → Teaching. Teach → Taught.

"Google" as a verb is an example of conversion. True. False.

Which is NOT an inflectional feature?. Aspect. Compounding. Agreement. Tense.

Which affix type is added at the beginning of a word?. Root. Suffix. Prefix. Infix.

The word blackbird is an example of: Conversion. Backformation. Compounding. Inflection.

Which of the following involves changing grammatical category without altering form?. Conversion. Clipping. Compounding. Derivation.

Backformation creates new words by removing a supposed affix. true. false.

Compounding always creates words with predictable meanings. true. false.

The process of shortening refrigerator into fridge is: Conversion. Derivation. Clipping. Backformation.

The suffix -ly in quickly is: Root. Derivational. Inflectional. Lexical.

When a teacher accepts “She don’t like it” as data for analysis, it shows: Error fossilization. Norm enforcement. Descriptive observation of dialect variation. Prescriptive correction.

A student says “Can you open the window?” to ask for help. Which grammar perspective best explains this?. Functional grammar. Descriptive grammar. Prescriptive grammar. Transformational grammar.

Which of the following questions helps students think about grammar functionally?. “Does it follow subject-verb agreement?”. “Is this sentence grammatically correct?”. “Is the word order correct?”. “What does this sentence do in communication?”.

Which teaching move develops syntactic awareness?. Memorizing idioms. Asking students to paraphrase ambiguous sentences. Focusing on punctuation. Doing listening drills.

In classroom grammar instruction, combining prescriptive and descriptive approaches helps teachers: reinforce outdated norms. confuse learners. avoid gramma. balance correctness and real-world use.

Pre-service teachers can use ambiguity awareness to: avoid real communication. teach prescriptive grammar only. design lessons on meaning, structure, and context integration. reduce sentence complexity.

A linguist observing informal speech patterns in Quito is practicing: prescriptive grammar. mental grammar. descriptive grammar. formal syntax.

The clause “Because it was raining, we stayed inside” shows a functional relation of: Modification. Cause and effect. Coordination. Substitution.

A teacher notices students use double negatives in speech. A descriptive approach would: mark them all wrong. study why and when they occur. forbid informal usage. replace with prescriptive examples.

Ambiguity often arises because: tenses are mismatched. articles are omitted. prepositional phrases can attach to different elements. word stress is incorrect.

Why is teaching structural ambiguity important for pre-service teachers?. It helps them analyze meaning variations. It corrects pronunciation. It simplifies writing. It reinforces prescriptive grammar.

Teaching ambiguity helps learners: follow rigid rules. avoid natural speech. appreciate the flexibility of English structure. use translation instead.

In the sentence “Visiting relatives can be boring,” the ambiguity arises because: “relatives” is plural. “visiting” can function as a verb or adjective. “can” expresses ability. the subject is unclear.

A classroom discussion on “grammar as choice” highlights that: only syntax matters. grammatical form affects meaning and style. grammar is separate from communication. grammar has one correct form.

When a student says She’s gonna go, descriptive grammar views it as: violation of rules. evidence of natural language change. incorrect and unacceptable. slang to be avoided.

What does prescriptive grammar typically fail to address in real communication?. Sentence structure. Contextual meaning and social variation. Pronunciation. Norms of correctness.

A descriptive grammar approach in Ecuadorian classrooms helps learners. mimic textbook rules only. avoid spontaneous conversation. explore real speech varieties. reject standard grammar.

How can ambiguity exercises improve writing?. By avoiding complex sentences. By translating from L1. By memorizing rules. By encouraging clearer structure and punctuation.

Which sentence best illustrates lexical rather than syntactic ambiguity?. “The man saw the dog with a telescope.”. “Visiting relatives can be boring.”. “The professor said on Monday he’d give an exam.”. “He saw her duck.”.

The sentence “The professor said on Monday he would give an exam” is ambiguous because: the phrase “on Monday” can modify two different parts. the verb tense is unclear. it violates grammar. the subject is missing.

A pre-service teacher asks students to compare “He is tall” and “He’s tall.” This exercise encourages awareness of: syntax. mental grammar. prescriptive rules. morphological derivation.

When students analyze why “The cat sat on the mat” sounds natural but “Sat the mat on the cat” doesn’t, they are developing understanding of: morphology. semantics. prescriptive grammar. syntax.

In “The man saw the dog with a telescope,” the ambiguity depends on: a prescriptive error. an omitted pronoun. whether “with a telescope” modifies saw or dog. the verb tense.

Why is it pedagogically valuable to teach types of grammar to future teachers?. To eliminate variation. To replace descriptive grammar. To memorize definitions. To select approaches that fit communicative goals.

Which of these best demonstrates mental grammar in learners?. Quoting a rule. Memorizing irregular verbs. Translating word by word. Producing new sentences they’ve never heard before.

Instrucciones: Relaciona el elemento de la izquierda con su categoría o descripción correcta a la derecha. Match each example to the correct phrase type: that she passed the exam. quite beautifully. The tall boy. in the garden. very happy. is running quickly.

Match each concept to its description: Aspect. Paradigm. Agreement. Case. Morphosyntax. Tense.

Classify each example as a type of morpheme: -ly. un-. re-. -ed. cat. happy.

Match each word to the plural allomorph it contains: buses. cats. leaves. dogs. boxes. books.

. Match the ambiguous sentence to its type/issue (Interpretation): . The man saw the dog with a telescope. She hit the man with the umbrella. Visiting relatives can be boring. He watched her duck. Old men and women.

Match each ambiguous sentence to its possible interpretation. The man saw the dog with a telescope. She hit the man with the umbrella. Visiting relatives can be boring. He watched her duck. The chicken is ready to eat. The professor said on monday he would give an exam.