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1.Brainstorming helps researchers ___. A. Generate multiple ideas before selecting a focus. B. Quote sources accurately. C. Summarize key theories only. D. Design questionnaires.

2. A research gap can best be defined as ___. A. Missing citation in the references list. B. A grammatical error in an academic paper. C. An unexplored area or missing perspective in current studies. D. A difference between two surveys.

3. The purpose of an introductory paragraph in a contrast essay is to ___. A. Repeat the thesis. B. Describe only one side. C. Present the topics and establish the contrast. D. Give final recommendations.

4. Contextualizing in a contrast essay helps the reader ___. A. Read unrelated information. B. Ignore previous studies. C. Decide which topic is better. D. Understand the background of the compared subjects.

5. Cohesion in writing refers to ___. A. The repetition of words for emphasis. B. The use of statistics only. C. The smooth connection of ideas through logical order and transitions. D. Sentence length and punctuation.

6. Measurement in academic research involves ___. A. Comparing writing styles. B. Counting paragraphs. C. Assigning values or scales to variables for analysis. D. Measuring text length.

7. Transition words like whereas and while function to ___. A. Repeat information. B. Connect contrasting ideas clearly. C. Show cause and effect. D. Begin a summary.

8. A contrast essay focuses on ___. A. Summarizing a single topic. B. Describing events chronologically. C. Analyzing the differences between two or more subjects. D. Persuading the reader to agree.

9. Transition signals like therefore and as a result help writers ___. A. Restate facts without linking. B. Add random information. C. Begin new topics without cohesion. D. Connect ideas logically between problems and solutions.

10. An academic database can best be described as ___. A. a search engine for advertisements. B. a list of social media profiles. C. a structured collection of scholarly research. D. a website for sharing personal blogs.

11. The results section should present ___. A. The main findings using tables, charts, or descriptions. B. Details of previous studies. C. Only the author’s opinions. D. Unrelated statistics.

12. Effective search techniques allow researchers to ___. A. Find any document regardless of accuracy. B. Copy ideas without citation. C. Locate precise information efficiently and ethically. D. avoid using academic sources.

13. A well-written introduction ends with ___. A. The full list of references. B. A clear research question or thesis statement. C. A paragraph about methodology. D. A personal opinion.

14. Checking the format before submission ensures that ___. A. The paper meets academic and style guidelines. B. The ideas are changed. C. Data is deleted. D. More pages are added.

15. Cohesion in contrast essays is achieved by using ___. A. Personal anecdotes. B. Very long sentences. C. Logical connectors and clear organization. D. Complex vocabulary only.

16. A summary-response essay combines ___. A. only opinions without reference. B. comparison between two texts. C. creative writing and fiction. D. objective summary of a text and personal reaction supported by evidence.

17. Contextualizing a problem means ___. A. ending with a conclusion. B. describing unrelated information. C. repeating the thesis in every paragraph. D. explaining its background and causes before discussing solutions.

18. Coherence in a paragraph ensures that ___. A. every sentence introduces a new idea. B. transitions are omitted for style. C. all ideas contribute clearly to one main point. D. the text is long and complex.

19. Data collection refers to the process of ___. A. checking grammar and spelling. B. summarizing the literature. C. designing the title page. D. gathering information to answer the research question.

20. The introduction of a research paper generally ___. A. defines the problem, context, and research question. B. lists the references alphabetically. C. presents the complete results. D. restates the abstract.

21.The conclusion of a research paper should ___. A. describe data collection in detail. B. list references again. C. introduce new arguments. D. summarize findings and highlight their significance.

22. A research question must be ___. A. general and emotional. B. specific, focused, and researchable. C. unrelated to the objectives. D. based on personal opinions.

23. Qualitative research focuses on ___. A. collecting numerical values. B. avoiding human interpretation. C. understanding meanings, experiences, and patterns. D. counting participants.

24. An effective introductory paragraph in a problem-solution essay should ___. A. include only personal opinions. B. present data without explanation. C. summarize every paragraph in the essay. D. contextualize the issue and capture reader attention.

25. Academic writing primarily focuses on ___. A. writing personal stories with opinions. B. communicating ideas through evidence and logical structure. C. informal conversation between classmates. D. using emotional language to persuade readers.

26. The purpose of a literature review is to ___. A. summarize unrelated topics. B. explain the data collection procedure. C. analyze existing studies and identify research gaps. D. present the results of the experiment.

27. In an academic response, evidence refers to ___. A. facts, data, or quotations that justify your opinion. B. unrelated examples. C. general background knowledge. D. personal stories.

28. The body paragraphs in a contrast essay should ___. A. summarize the conclusion. B. present unrelated data. C. discuss clear differences supported by examples. D. use only similarities.

29. Population in research refers to ___. A. the entire group of individuals relevant to the study. B. the number of citations in the paper. C. only the people who read the study. D. all the researchers in a field.

30. A sample is ___. A. a set of hypotheses. B. a table used to store references. C. a smaller group selected from the population for analysis. D. a list of unrelated numbers.

31. In a methodology section, the writer should describe ___. A. unrelated historical facts. B. the theoretical background only. C. how the study was designed and conducted. D. personal reflections about the topic.

32. A citation’s primary function in academic writing is to ___. A. add extra words for style. B. reduce the number of ideas. C. replace paraphrasing. D. acknowledge the source and prevent plagiarism.

33. Adverbial clauses show ___. A. repetition of adjectives. B. subject-verb agreement. C. only the tense of a verb. D. how, when, where, or why an action happens.

34. A concluding paragraph in a contrast essay should ___. A. list data again. B. restate the main contrasts and summarize insights. C. present unrelated opinions. D. present unrelated opinions.

35. To contextualize a research problem means to ___. A. write a conclusion before collecting data. B. explain its background, significance, and relationship to prior studies. C. list all definitions in the study. D. state the research question again.

36. Transition words like whereas and while function to ___. A. connect contrasting ideas clearly. B. show cause and effect. C. begin a summary. D. repeat information.

37. Paraphrasing in a summary means ___. A. rewriting main ideas in your own academic language. B. copying sentences with minor word changes. C. translating literally. D. omitting important points.

38. A problem-solution essay is a type of composition that ___. A. argues without evidence. B. identifies an issue and proposes logical ways to solve it. C. compares two unrelated topics. D. describes events in chronological order.

39. Data management involves ___. A. rephrasing the abstract. B. organizing, storing, and protecting collected data. C. deleting the raw information. D. writing the references manually.

40. Research objectives serve to ___. A. describe the author’s motivation only. B. summarize unrelated findings. C. introduce the bibliography section. D. define the intended outcomes and direction of the study.

41. Contrasting adverbs such as however and on the other hand are used to ___. A. show a difference or opposition between ideas. B. start a conclusion. C. add similar information. D. give examples.

42. An abstract provides readers with ___. A. detailed background information. B. references and appendices. C. full data analysis. D. a concise overview of purpose, methods, and findings.

43. The abstract of a research paper should ___. A. include all raw data. B. summarize the purpose, methods, and main results briefly. C. provide detailed literature discussion. D. list every reference used in the study.

44- The discussion section interprets ___. A. unrelated studies. B. findings and their connection to literature and implications. C. the title of the research. D. the method description.

45. Trustable sources are those that ___. A. include opinions from social media users. B. are popular and entertaining. C. have no author or publication date. D. are peer-reviewed, verifiable, and unbiased.

46. The goal of contrasting adverbs in academic writing is to ___. A. confuse the reader intentionally. B. change the topic completely. C. guide readers through differences logically. D. summarize the main ideas.

47. References must be organized ___. A. randomly. B. by publication country. C. in the order of appearance. D. alphabetically by the author’s last name.

48. An effective thesis statement in a contrast essay must ___. A. indicate the two elements and the aspect of difference. B. explain the conclusion. C. describe only similarities. D. avoid analytical language.

49. The tone of a response essay should be ___. A. analytical and respectful, even when disagreeing. B. indifferent and vague. C. aggressive and emotional. D. informal and humorous.

50. Data analysis means ___. A. restating the title. B. rewriting the introduction. C. deleting irrelevant references. D. interpreting collected data to find answers and patterns.

51. A thesis statement in a problem-solution essay usually ___. A. summarizes supporting evidence only. B. presents both the main problem and the proposed solution. C. lists all examples without organization. D. gives definitions without analysis.

52. The title page of a research paper usually includes ___. A. tables and charts. B. title, author, institution, and date. C. literature sources. D. appendices.

53. Research ethics in academic contexts ensure that scholars ___. A. prioritize convenience over accuracy. B. conduct honest, respectful, and transparent investigations. C. manipulate results for publication. D. reuse others’ work without permission.

54. A research paper is a formal document that ___. A. describes random experiences. B. expresses personal opinions without data. C. only summarizes information from books. D. presents original findings supported by evidence and analysis.

55. In a methodology section, “research design” means ___. A. the plan for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. B. the structure of the introduction. C. the organization of references. D. the font and page layout.

56. Writers use although and even though to express ___. A. cause and effect. B. contrast between two ideas. C. sequence of events. D. addition of examples.

57. A subjectivity statement describes ___. A. the research design. B.The researcher’s potential bias and perspective. C. the conclusion. D. the statistical results.

58. When writing the abstract, authors should avoid ___. A. summarizing the results. B. mentioning the purpose. C. including citations or excessive detail. D. writing concisely.

59. Paraphrasing effectively requires the writer to ___. A. copy text and change only a few words. B. summarize without credit. C. translate directly without citation. D. restate the original idea using new structure and vocabulary.

60. A purpose statement should clearly ___. A. explain unrelated theories. B. express the central aim and rationale of the study. C. describe the author’s personal goals. D. predict all results before data collection.

61. Cohesion in contrast essays is achieved by using ___. A. very long sentences. B. personal anecdotes. C. complex vocabulary only. D. logical connectors and clear organization.

62. An abstract should be written ___. A. while citing references. B. during data analysis. C. before collecting data. D. after completing the paper to summarize its key points.

63. A concluding paragraph in an essay should ___. A. introduce additional evidence. B. restate the thesis and close with final insight or recommendation. C. avoid summarizing. D. open with a new idea.

64. Measurement in research ensures that ___. A. formatting is correct. B. conclusions are based on assumptions. C. variables are evaluated consistently and accurately. D. results are subjective.

65. A trustworthy claim in a response essay must be ___. A. based on emotions or assumptions. B. unrelated to the source. C. written without structure. D. supported by credible evidence and logical reasoning.

66. The body paragraphs of a problem-solution essay must ___. A. summarize the introduction. B. avoid using connectors. C. explain causes, effects, and transitions toward solutions. D. introduce new unrelated ideas.

67. A proposal in academic writing demonstrates ___. A. the abstract and conclusion together. B. how a researcher plans to conduct and justify a study. C. the final version of the research report. D. unrelated literature reviews.

68. An effective research question should be ___. A. clear, specific, and researchable within a time frame. B. personal and subjective. C. general and open to all interpretations. D. long and descriptive.

69. Summarizing an article requires ___. A. rewriting the entire text word for word. B. ignoring the author’s purpose. C. focusing on minor details. D. condensing key ideas while maintaining objectivity.

70. A call to action in a conclusion aims to ___. A. introduce new problems. B. repeat the same thesis sentence. C. motivate readers to act or think differently about the issue. D. avoid giving recommendations.

71. A literature review allows the writer to ___. A. describe only historical facts. B. include personal opinions about a topic. C. identify patterns, debates, and gaps in existing research. D. summarize every article without analysis.

72. The goal of contrasting adverbs in academic writing is to ___. A. change the topic completely. B. summarize the main ideas. C. guide readers through differences logically. D. confuse the reader intentionally.

73. Focusing a research topic means ___. A. refining a broad idea into a specific research question. B. avoiding controversial subjects. C. collecting as many unrelated topics as possible. D. rewriting the introduction repeatedly.

74. Plagiarism is considered unethical because it ___. A. reduces citation errors. B. simplifies research methods. C. violates intellectual property and academic integrity. D. improves writing efficiency.

75. The function of a topic sentence in a body paragraph is to ___. A. introduce the central idea of that paragraph. B. conclude the essay. C. repeat the thesis. D. list examples without explanation.

76. The reference list gives credit to ___. A. classmates who helped edit. B. all authors whose work was cited in the paper. C. random online blogs. D. books that were not read.

77. Reliable data refers to information that ___. A. produces consistent and accurate results across contexts. B. lacks clear origin or verification. C. depends only on the researcher’s opinion. D. changes every time it is analyzed.

78. Adverbial clauses beginning with because or since express ___. A. contrast. B. reason or cause. C. condition. D. result.

79. A concluding paragraph in a contrast essay should ___. A. list data again. B. present unrelated opinions. C. restate the main contrasts and summarize insights. D. introduce new topics.

80. A strong discussion links results to ___. A. unrelated opinions. B. personal stories. C. formatting rules. D. previous studies and research questions.