English for criminology

1. Choose the correct option: “There is also the recommendation that the Council meet every week” is an example of: Escoge la opción correcta: “También hay/está la recomendación la cual el Consejo reúne cada semana” es un ejemplo de. a) Subjunctive. b) Inversion. c) Passive voice. d) Auxiliary/main verb separation.

2. Choose the correct preposition for the following sentence: “The legal team consists ____ three civil and two criminal lawyers” Escoge la preposicion correcta para la siguiente oración: “El equipo legal consiste __ tres abogados/juristas civiles y dos criminales”. a) On. b) Of. c) In. d) At.

3. Choose the correct option: “When there’s more than one judge sitting together they sit ____” Escoge la opción correcta: “Cuando hay más de un juez sentándose juntos, se sientan __”. a) Together. b) In common. c) In bench. d) Besides.

4. Choose the option that includes three reporting verbs which indicate a neutral attitude towards the cited material. Escoge la opción correcta que incluya tres reporting verbs que indiquen una actitud neutral hacia el material citado. a) State, discuss and define. b) Postulate, indicate and suggest. c) Summarise, report and discuss. d) Claim, speculate and hypothesize.

5. Choose the correct option: “The defendant had taken a woman into his van for sexual purposes. A fight ensued and Church knocked the woman unconscious. Believing her to be dead he threw her into a river where she died of drowning. He was charged with ____” Escoge la opción correcta: “El acusado había metido a la mujer en su furgoneta para motivos sexuales. Tuvo lugar una pelea y Church golpeó a la mujer dejándola inconsciente. Creyendo que estaba muerta, la arrojó al río donde ella murió ahogada. Él fue imputado con __”. a) Murder. b) Negligencia. c) Manslaughter. d) None of the above.

6. Choose the correct option: “In order to practise as lawyer, a person must be of age and must not be ____ from practising as a lawyer for any reason” Escoge la opción correcta: “Para ejercer como un jurista/abogado, una persona debe ser mayor de edad y no debe estar __ de ejercer como jurista/abogado por cualquier motivo”. a) Invalidated. b) Revoked. c) Expelled. d) Disqualified.

7. Choose the correct option: “The European Union is based on the rule of law. This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on ____ that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU member countries” Escoge la opción correcta: “La UE está basada en el derecho. Esto significa que cada acción tomada por la UE está fundada en __ que han sido aprobados voluntaria y democráticamente por todos los países miembro de la UE”. a) Dispositions. b) Chapters. c) Lines. d) Treaties.

8. Choose the correct option: “It remains posible to refine and develop our statistics so that they ___ to, if not actually ever perfectly achieve, an accurate reflection of the underlying ___, pattern and trend of crime in society” Escoge la opción correcta: “Sigue siendo posible refinar y desarrollar nuestras estadísticas para que __, si es que en realidad no lo logran perfectamente, un reflejo preciso de las ___ subyacentes, patrón y tendencia de la delincuencia en la sociedad”. a) Aim, end. b) Aspire, extent. c) Mean, boundary. d) Ponder, limit.

9. Choose the correct option: “Another common form of Type 1 cybercrime is ___. This is where the victim receives a supposedly legitimate email (quite often claiming to be a bank or credit card company) with a link that leads to a hostile website” Escoge la opción correcta: “Otra forma común del tipo 1 de cibercrimen es el __. Esto es cuando la víctima recibe un correo electrónico supuestamente legal (normalmente reclamando ser una compañía bancaria o de tarjeta de crédito) con un enlace que te redirige a una página web hostil/engañosa”. a) Peaching. b) Whising. c) Perishing. d) Phishing.

10. Choose the correct option regarding the appropiate use of linking words: Escoge la opción correcta con respecto al uso apropiado de nexos: a) There may, however, be a number of factors that mitigate or enhance the relationships between media violence and attitudes towards crime and justice. Because the difficulties in rigorously establishing straightforward causal relationships between images and effects, some researchers tacitly imply that media images of crime do not have significant implications. c) Apart from the relationship between fear of crime and crime show viewing is statistically weak, it is important for future research to examine this relationship. d) I went to class, afterwards I hadn’t prepared anything.

11. Choose the correct option: “The sentence “Long live the Queen” is an example of ___. Elige la opción correcta: “La oración “Larga vida a la reina” es un ejemplo de __”. a) Reported speech. b) Inversion. c) Passive voice. d) Auxiliary/main verb separation.

12. Choose the correct preposition for the following sentence: “The parties finally entered ___ the agreement after a long negotiation” Escoge la preposición correcta para la siguiente oración “Las partes finalmente entraron __ acuerdo después de una larga negociación. a) At. b) In. c) Over. d) Into.

13. Choose the correct option: “The opposite of a minor crime is a ___ crime” Escoge la opción correcta “Lo contrario a un crimen leve/menor es un crimen __”. a) Big. b) Serious. c) Hard. d) Mayor.

14. If the research findings your are reporting support what you believe, you are more likely to use the ___ Si los hallazgos de la investigación que estás reportando, apoyan lo que piensas/opinas, es más probable que uses un __. a) Past tense. b) Present tense. c) Present continuous. d) Present perfect.

15. Choose the correct option: “The defendant D was employed to keep guard a railway crossing, his job was to operate the gates so as to allow pedestrians to cross the line. D left his post and went off, leaving the gates in a position enabling pedestrians to cross the line. D was charged with the ___ of a pedestrian hit by a train at the crossing. Escoge la opción correcta: “El acusado D fue contratado para vigilar un cruce de vías, su trabajo era manejar las compuertas para permitir que los peatones puedan cruzar la línea. D dejó su puesto y se fue, dejando las compuertas en una posición que permite a los peatones cruzar la línea. D fue imputado con el __ de un peatón arrollado por un tren en el cruce. a) Murder. b) Negligence. c) Dead. d) Manslaughter.

16. Choose the correct use of linking words: Escoge el uso correcto de nexos: a) There may, however, be a number of factors that mitigate or enhance the relationships between media violence and attitudes towards crime and justice. b) Despite that this issue is very complex, it is a problem that demands our attention. c) Apart from the relationship between fear of crime and crime show viewing is statistically weak, it is important for future research to examine this relationship. d) I went to class, afterwards I hadn’t prepared anything.

17. Choose the correct option: “Judicial cooperation in criminal matters is based on the principle of ____ jugdments and judicial decisions by EU countries” Escoge la opción correcta: “La cooperación judicial en materias/aspectos criminales está basada en el principio de ___ de los juicios y decisiones judiciales por los países de la UE”. a) Equality. b) Mutual recognition. c) Emisión and recognition. d) Mutual asessment.

18. Choose the correct option that corresponds to a term that describes the amount of unreported or undiscovered crime: Escoge la opción correcta que corresponda al término que describe la cantidad de crimen no denunciado o sin descubrir. a) Unreported figure. b) Unknown figure. c) Anonymous figure. d) Dark figure.

19. Choose the correct synonym of “Paramount”: Escoge el sinónimo correcto de Soberano. a) Supreme. b) Subordinate. c) Trivial. d) Colateral.

20. Choose the correct option: “He attributed this in part to an ___ wave of bawdy ballad singers who went around entertaining in pubs. He regarded suppresion of these as counter-productive. So he urged the government to sponsor rival groups of ___ ballad singers. Escoge la opción correcta “Él atribuyó esto en parte a una __ ola de de cantantes de baladas obscenas que merodeaban y entretenían en pubs. Él consideró que la supresión de estas era contraproducente. Así que él instó al gobierno a que patrocinase al grupo rival de cantantes de balada ___”. a) Abandoned, with Good music. b) Asserted, with Good health. c) Alleged, wholesome. d) Disowned, with Good morals.

21. Choose the correct option: What is the meaning of the latinism “mens rea”? Escoge la opción correcta: ¿Cuál es el significado del latinismo “mens rea”?. a) Guilty act. b) Guilty mind. c) Beyond one’s legal power or authority. d) In the role of an expert.

22. Choose the correct option: “An order to freeze something is a ___ order” Escoge la opción correcta: Una orden para congelar algo es una orden de __”. a) Freezing. b) Tight. c) Set.

23. Choose the option that is equivalent to the expression “to this text or document” Escoge la opción que sea equivalente a la expresión de “para este documento o texto”. a) Herein. b) Hereinbefore. c) Hereupon. d) Hereto.

24. Choose the element that is NOT related to “mens rea” Escoge el elemento que NO esté relacionado con “mens rea”. a) Recklessness. b) Special mental states. c) Negligence. d) Consequence.

25. Choose the correct option: “As modern criminology is such a ___ field of study, its study object is bound to be just a composite” Escoge la opción correcta: Como la criminología moderna es un campo de estudio ___, su objeto de estudio está destinado a ser un compuesto. a) Traditional. b) Homogenous. c) Heterogenous. d) Classic.

26. Choose the correct option: “Subsequently, if the prosecutor believes that there is enough evidence to prove the suspect’s guilt ____, he will file a criminal complaint with the court, consisting of several ___ that each set forth a separate criminal offence” Escoge la opción correcta: “Posteriormente, si el Fiscal cree que hay suficiente evidencia para demostrar la culpabilidad del sospechoso __, presentará una denuncia ante el Tribunal que consista en varias __, cada una estableciendo por separado una pretensión penal/delito. a) Dismissed, chapters. b) Probable a cause, counts. c) Beyond a reasonable doubt, counts. d) Probable cause, chapters.

27. Choose the correct preposition “The counsel ___ the prosecution presents his case” Escoge la preposicion correcta: El fiscal ___ el enjuiciamiento presenta su caso. a) For. b) By. c) On. d) Over.

28. Choose the INCORRECT gramatical option: Escoge la opción INCORRECTA gramaticalmente. a) I’m sorry for her. She has had bad luck all her life. b) Your taxi just arrived. c) Have you eved had to do anything like that?. d) I was ill last week, but I have been fine since then.

29. Choose the correct option that corresponds to the following definition: “A flogging device that was attached to a short handle. It served to rip the victim’s flesh to shreds and to strip it off the bones” Escoge la opción correcta que se corresponda a la siguiente definición “Un utensilio para azotar que está unido a un mango pequeño. Servía para arrancar y desgarrar la piel y carne de los huesos”. a) The noose. b) The gallows. c) The thumbscrews. d) The cat’s paw or cat-o-nine-tails.

30. Choose the semantic category of “furthermore” Escoge la categoría semántica correspondiente a “Además”. a) Contrast. b) Addition. c) Time. d) Reason/result.