Exam 2 Digestive

Among the motile disorders of the oesophagus are: Mallory Weiss Syndrome. Nutcracker esophagus. planocellular carcinoma of the esophagus. reflux oesophagitis. hiatusna hernija.

Select the correct answer that falls within the character of the achalasia. The propulsive peristalsis of the esophagus is normal. The cause may be the decay of inhibitory neurons in the wall of esophagus. Chest pain is a rare symptom. Calcium channel antagonists are a successful and lasting remedy. patients are well fed.

Which of the following applies to physiological gastro-oesophageal reflux. Appears before eating. Occurs during meals. Occurs after a meal. Formation is associated with an act of swallowing. Its present in 90% of people.

For pathological gastroesophageal reflux it is NOT true. It is caused by improper release of the lower oesophageal sphincter. The cleansing function of the esophagus has been impaired. May be a hiatus hernia. All patients with pathological gastroesophageal reflux have reflux oesophagitis. It is more common in obese patients.

Daily reflux problems have: 40% of people. 10% of people. 5% of people. 100% of people. 95% of people.

What does not belong among the symptoms of esophageal disease?. chest pain. pain under costal margin. dysphagia. odynophagia. pyrosis.

Choose a combination of correct claims regarding reflux oesophagitis: a) reflux oesophagitis occurs in 50% of patients with reflux b) reflux oesophagitis is caused by gastric acid reflux c) reflux oesophagitis is caused by reflux of the duodenal contents d) reflux oesophagitis is caused by infection with Helicobactor pylori e) reflux oesophagitis is caused by hypergastrinemia. the arguments A, B, E are correct. the arguments B, C, D are correct. the arguments B, C, E are correct. the arguments A, B, C are correct. all claims are correct.

Which of the following applies to reflux oesophagitis: diagnosis is made with endoscopy. diagnosis is made by an X-ray examination of the gullet. Diagnose with laboratory tests. We always have a history of diagnosis. diagnosis is made with a clinical examination.

How do we determine motile dysfunction of the esophagus?. with ct chest. with a contrast X-ray examination. with esophagoscopy. with a pH meter of the esophagus. with capsule endoscopy.

Symptom or illness not related to GERB is. Asthma. Chronic cough. Diarrhea. Erosion of dental enamel. Chronic laryngitis.

For the treatment of reflux disease, a doctor may prescribe for two weeks as a therapeutic test: H2 receptor antagonist 800 mg / day. a proton pump inhibitor at a therapeutic dose 2x daily. paracetamol 500mg per day. acetylsalicylic acid 100mg. Hygienic - dietetic regime at GERB.

Choose the correct doses of medicines to treat oesophageal reflux disease: lansoprazole 120mg / day. pantoprazole 2x40mg / day 14 days. omeprazole 30 mg / day. omeprazole 2x60 mg / day. pantoprazole 80mg / day 14 days.

What is NOT considered as a sign of an alarm in gastroesophageal reflux disease?. dysphagia. odynophagiac. positive hematestd. persistent vomiting. night cough.

In a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia occurs when consuming dry foods. What would be the most appropriate measure?. The patient should be prescribed a prokinetic medicine and ordered for a control examination. The patient should be prescribed a proton pump blocker and ordered to let him know again within 2 weeks if the problem persists. We refer the patient immediately to gastroscopy. We take the patient to the hospital and immediately take CT chest. The patient is advised to avoid dry foods.

Why do we not use proton pump inhibitors for the permanent treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease?. due to a carcinogenic effect. because they cause steatorrhea. because they have only a transient effect in the permanent treatment, which can not be recovered even if the dose is increased. because they are too expensive for chronic treatment. because they are very effective and can mask the signs of alarm.

A typical complication of long-term reflux oesophagitis is: Atresia of the esophagus. Achalasia of the esophagus. squamous oesophageal cancer. adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. oesophageal lymphoma.

Choose the correct claim for Barrett's Esophagus: is associated with the formation of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. It is associated with chronic laryngitis. it is associated with the formation of adenocarcinoma. is associated with chronic infection with Helicobactor pylori. It is a hyperplasia of the flat-cell epithelium in the distal esophagus.

Choose the correct claims for Barrett Esophagus: occurs in patients with duodenoessophageal reflux. histologically, it is a metaplasia of the glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa in the esophagus. occurs in the first year of severe reflux disease. it occurs in smokers. Barrett's esophagus is treated exclusively with medicines.

Which of the following applies to non-relucid inflammation of the esophagus?. it is caused by anaerobic bacteria. caused by viruses of the group of human herpes viruses. caused by dermatophytes. it is caused by a rotten virus. they are caused by actinomycetes.

With reflux oesophagitis, we connect: axial hiatus hernia. paraesophageal hernia. Atresia of the esophagus. oesophageal agenesis. diverticula of the esophagus.

What is characteristic of achalasia?. absence of peristalsis of the esophagus. stricture of the esophagus. diverticular oesophageal blocking peristalsis. spasm of the lower oesophageal sphincter. ulcers on the lower oesophageal sphincter.

Which of the following is a typical etiological factor for non-reflux oesophageal inflammation? a) AIDS b) immunosuppressive treatment c) Herpes simplex virus d) consuming peppered food e) sicca syndrome, e.g. within the Sjogren syndrome. A: a, b, c. B: a, b, d. C: b, c, d. D: D, e. E: a, b, c, e.

All of these symptoms are present in Zencker's diverticulum except: tightening on the neck. unpleasant breath. regurgitation of several days old food. hematochezia. dysphagia.

Which of the following does NOT apply to oesophageal cancer: The most common form in Caucasians is adenocarcinoma. It's related to smoking and alcohol. may cause hoarseness. Radical surgical treatment is possible in 70% of patients. progressive dysphagia may be present.

To assess the prevalence of cancer on the esophagus, we use: endoscopy. ultrasound examination of the abdomen. clinical examination. computer tomography. X-ray examination of the esophagus with contrast.

A 19-year-old young man, who has been healthy until now comes with friends to emergency clinic for chest pain and rumination. The pain is burning, localized behind sternum, it spreads up from epigastrium, it is 5/10, constant, it appeared half an hour before coming to the emergency room - after having had a 2dcl red wine with friends. The pain is worse if he bends down. Since the onset of pain he did not take any medication, he did not sleep.Upon arrival he is not affecte, oriented, disturbed, not likely drunk. Palpation of epigastrium is slightly painful, otherwise the examination of the body is normal.Depending on the history of all these risk factors, the most likely working diagnosis is: Acute myocardial infarction. Alcoholic hepatitis. Achalasia. Reflux disease of the esophagus. Pulmonary embolism.

The team recorded the ECG, took blood for basic investigations, whereas the young man still sues for the pain of a thorax, the duty doctor decides for immediate treatment. According to the working diagnosis, he will decide to: heparin 5,000 units iv. a calcium antagonist, e.g. verapamil 40mg per. nitroglycerin under the tongue, aspirin direct, oxygen and morphine as an analgesic. proton pump inhibitor at the therapeutic dose iv. or perorally. i.v. infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution with the addition of 100mg of Tiamine.

The characteristics of the stomach parietal cells are all listed except: secretion of gastric acid and intrinsic factor. Secretion of pepsinogen. are predominantly in the gastric fundus and corpus. stimulated by gastrin. histamine is promoted.

Stomach mucus cells excrete: mucus and pepsinogen. mucus. pepsinogen. mucus and HCl. mucus and bicarbonate.

Acute gastritis can be considered with the following symptoms: vomiting. pain in a teaspoon. bleeding. all three listed. none of the above.

In what condition would you expect gastric hypersecretion?. atrophic gastritis. after vagotomy. in chronic renal failured. in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. treatment with esomeprazole.

How does severe hypersecretion affect the digestion? Select the WRONG response. causes malabsorption. cause steatorrhea. causes diarrhea. causes ulcers on the duodenum and the jejunum. causes incomplete protein digestion.

Which claim relating to infection with H. pylori is NOT correct?. leads to the formation of stomach ulcers. infection is associated with MALT lymphoma. We confirm it with the Schiller test. The infection can be asymptomatic throughout life. can lead to ulcers on the duodenum.

Choose the correct combination that contains all the correct sentences regarding autoimmune gastritis: a) causes megaloblastic anemia b) they are characterized by anti-mitochondrial antibodies c) causes atrophy of the corpus litter d) treat it with vitamin B-12. a, c. a, c, d. b, d. all claims are correct.

The most common cause of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer is: Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Crohn's disease. Treatment with calcium channel blockers. Treatment with vitamin K antagonists.

Choose the correct claim regarding peptic ulcer: pain is typically colic. Bleeding is common. often advances in adenocarcinoma. pain often affects the right orchid area, so it can be replaced for acute inflammation of the lump. pain is always present.

The medication for the treatment of peptic ulcer in the case of H. pylori infection are: antibiotics. Proton pump inhibitors. both (antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors). H2 receptor blockers. antacids.

The treatment of ulcer disease in the twelve case of H. pylori infection consists of: one-week antibiotic treatment. two-week antibiotic treatment. three-week treatment with proton pump inhibitors. one week antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. one week antibiotics and three weeks proton pump inhibitors.

The medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer is / are: bismuth subsalicylate. proton pump inhibitors. H2 receptor blockers. antacids. mesalazine.

Choose the right combination. The effectiveness of eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori is controlled by: a) mucosal biopsy b) serological tests c) urea breath test d) polymerase chain reaction. a, b, c. b, c. a, c, d. all correct.

Among the common complications of ulcer disease are all except: pyloric stenosis. bleeding. perforations. ileus. penetrations.

The symptoms of pyloric stenosis are all listed except: feeding pain. vomiting food. vomiting of hematinized contents. vomiting of bile content. bad appetite.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes excessive elimination: gastrin. somatostatin. VIP. Glucagon. cholecystokinin.

A 30-year-old hospital with a history of ulcer disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract has sought medical attention due to sudden severe abdominal pain. The examination is affected, the abdomen is palpatorally stiff. The abdominal rings show the following picture (pagina 7): ulcer penetration. bleeding into the upper gastrointestinal tract. ulcer perforation. acute low-grade myocardial infarction. dissection of the abdominal aorta.

In a patient who is suspected of having free air under the diaphragm due to the perforation of the hollow organ, the following is necessary in the follow-up: to make urgent endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. make an ultrasound of the abdomen. to make computer tomography of the abdomen. Send patient urgently to the surgeon. make magnetic resonance angiography of the abdomen.

How is gastroparesis defined?. Symptomatic disorder of gastric emptying, not caused by a mechanical barrier. Any symptomatic disorder in gastric emptying. Symptomatic or asymptomatic disorder in gastric emptying due to acloryhydria. Symptomatic or asymptomatic disorder in gastric emptying due to stroke. Symptomatic or asymptomatic disorder in gastric emptying due to vagotomy.

Blind loop syndrome. malabsorption of di- and polysaccharides. malabsorption of fats and iron. malabsorption of saccharides and iron. malabsorption of fats and vitamin B-12. malabsorption of thiamine.

Gastric bradygastrics is: reduced frequency of formation of peristaltic waves in the stomach. slow pace of gastric ulcer. shortened stomach after partial resection. formation of shorter peristaltic waves in the stomach. Nothing, it's a joke.

Choose a combination of correct answers! Peptic ulcer on jejunum may occur in: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. glucagon. after gastric resection, type Billroth II. after holedohojejunoanastomoza.

What of the above does NOT apply to gastric disease caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?. The disease is characterized by ulcers mainly in the stomach. caused by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase. selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors COX-2 can not cause gastric ulcer. Treatment includes the discontinuation of the drug that caused the disease and the treatment with a proton pump blocker. patients who have a high risk of developing gastric ulcer in taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be protected when taking these medicines with a proton pump blocker.

What does NOT apply to stress gastric disease?. is due to gastric hypoperfusion in patients who are in critical condition. is due to increased elimination of HCl in the stomach. It is shown by gastric bleeding. most often gastric erosion, the ulcer is less frequent. Bleeding from erosions is stopped endoscopically.

The most common gastric polyps are histologically: adenomas (non-invasive intraepithelial neoplasia). hyperplastic polyps. adenocarcinomas. flat cell carcinomas. polyps of the fundal glands.

The most meaningful investigation of stomach polyps is: x-ray examination of the gastric and polypectomy. gastroscopy and polypectomy. only an X-ray examination of the stomach. determination of serum oncofetal antigens. computer tomography of the abdomen.

Gastric carcinoma does NOT occur frequently in the following circumstances: in pernicious anemia. in atrophy of the gastric mucosa. in intestinal metaplasia. after infection with Helicobactor pylori. in the regular consuming of spicy foods.

For early gastric cancer, the following applies: endoscopy is a method of selection. endoscopic biopsy is 100% reliable. often formed from the gastric ulcer. never creates a lymph node. it is not necessary to determine the stages with additional investigations on detection.

Metastases in the lymph nodes may be present in: early gastric cancer. adenom. sclerotic gastric cancer. advanced gastric cancer.

In the preoperative treatment of a patient with stomach cancer everything is true, except: endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Histological examination of tissue removal. serology of Helicobacter pylori. ultrasound examination of the abdomen. endoscopic gastric ultrasound.

Which of the above is the most reliable sign that gastric ulcer is benign?. When the stomach ulcer is healed. If the gastric mucosa and glandular lymph nodes in the endoscopic ultrasound do not show signs of malignant infiltration. If the bleeding from the ulcer is not repeated within 14 days. If glandular lymph nodes and celiacus trunks do not show signs of malignant infiltration with respect to CT criteria. For malignant negative pathohistology causes of ulcer.

Choose a combination of correct claims. Pre-cancerous changes in the gastric mucosa include: atrophic gastritis. hyperplasia of endocrine cells. intestinal metaplasia. adenomic polyp.

The stress ulcer, everything is true, except: Caused by neurosurgery. The leading symptom is bleeding. patients have characteristic pain. bleeding is stopped endoscopically. It is prevented by proton pump inhibitors.

Early gastric cancer indicates: limiteded to mucus and submucosal, with or without metastases in regional lymph nodes. it is limited to mucus. absence of metastases in the lymph nodes. Histologically exclusive intestinal type according to Lauren. histologically exclusive mixed-cell type according to Lauren.

The most common localization of stomach cancer is: lower third of the stomach. gastric fundus. Pilot channel. a small curvature of the stomach. corpus of the stomach.

Choose a combination of correct claims! For developed gastric cancer, there are symptoms: anemia. vomiting. weight loss. dysphagia. obstipation.

The low-malignant non-Hodgkin MALT lymphoma is: in 90% associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. in 50% is associated with EBV infection. We treat him with surgery. We treat him with a diet. Treatment begins with chemotherapy.

Which of the following does NOT apply to melena?. Melena is the most common sign of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. melena is the result of blood digestion in the gastric lumen. can occur simultaneously with hematemesis. is more common than hematemesis. it occurs when irrelevant bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract.

Hematemesis is: vomiting fresh, coagulated or old black blood. vomiting of yellow liquid. a reliable sign of gastric cancer. rare in bleeding from the esophagus. common in jejunum bleeding.

Hematohesia occurs in all states except: hemorrhoids. tumors of the colon. Crohn's disease. peptic ulcers of the duodenum. pseudomembranous colitis.

The most common source of bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract is: hemorrhoids and intestinal tumors. polyps of the column and hemorrhoids. diverticulitis. angiodisplasia of the column. chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

The optional initial method for the localization of gastrointestinal haemorrhage is: angiography. endoscopy. computer tomography. scintigraphy with marked erythrocytes. endoscopic ultrasound.

Select the correct answers that refer to the treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhages: most often stop it endoscopically. Photocoagulation is used to stop bleeding. To stop the bleeding we use a fibrin glue. The upper gastrointestinal bleeding in most cases is only stopped with surgery.

The contraindications for urgent endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding are: poor general condition of the patient. acute myocardial infarction. lesion by swallowing a strong acid or base before more than 12 hours. acute alcoholic poisoning. severe bleeding.

Typical signs of shock due to severe bleeding are all except: pale. bradycardia. low blood pressure. disturbance of consciousness. vertigo.