Examen Management II

McDonald’s needs to get its products made and delivered to customers efficiently and quickly — that’s why it’s called “fast” food. How to do it is that one person takes orders at the drive-through window, others cook and assemble the hamburgers, another works the fryer, another bags orders, and so forth. Every worker is assigned a specific, repetitive task. Such a single-minded focus on maximizing efficiency has contributed to increasing productivity. At many McDonald’s, you’ll see a clock that times how long it takes employees to fill the order; look closer, and you’ll probably see posted somewhere an order fulfillment time goal. When managers create or change the structure, they’re engaged in organizational design, a process that involves decisions about six key elements. Primarily, which of them is the mentioned situation?. Work specialization. Chain of command. Span of control. Centralization and decentralization. None of the mentioned.

In Hollywood's golden era, movies were made by huge, vertically integrated corporations. Studios such as MGM, Warner Bros, and 20th Century Fox owned large movie lots and employed thousands of full-time specialists—set designers, camera people, film editors, costumers, directors, and actors. Today, most movies are made by a collection of individuals and small companies who come together and make films. This structural form allows each film to be staffed with the talent best suited to its demands rather than just with the studio's employees. It minimizes bureaucratic overhead because there is no lasting organization to maintain. It lessens long-term risks and their costs because there is no long-term—individuals are assembled for a finite period and then disbanded. About which type of structure is primarily the mentioned situation in the current movie industry?. Virtual organization. Divisional structure. Functional structure. Matrix organization.

Many companies today, like IBM, Dell or Microsoft, offer their employees a scheduling system that requires them to work a specific number of hours per week but allows them to vary their work hours within limits. For example, each day consists of a common core, usually six hours. The core may be 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., with the office opening at 6 a.m. and closing at 6 p.m. Employees must be at their jobs during the common core period, but they can accumulate their other two hours around that. Some companies also allow employees to accumulate extra hours, turning them into days off. About which of the work arrangements is primarily the mentioned situation?. Telecommuting. Compressed workweeks. Flextime. Job sharing. Contingent workforce. None of the mentioned.

Lynda Thomas and Hilary Cross are both CEOs at British cancer charity Macmillan. Thomas works from Monday until noon on Wednesday; Cross works Wednesday from noon through Friday. They both had families and only wanted a part-time job, but they also desired to progress in their careers. About which of the work arrangements is primarily the mentioned situation?. Telecommuting. Flextime. Job sharing. Contingent workforce. None of the mentioned.

The Ford Motor Co. is organized into three separate, semiautonomous business units, each headed by an executive vice president: The Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Asia Pacific. In this structure, each business unit has limited autonomy, with an executive vice president who has authority over his or her unit and is responsible for performance. Duplication of activities and resources increases costs and reduces efficiency because some activities are the same in each business unit. The parent corporation typically acts as an external overseer to coordinate and control the various business units and often provides support services such as financial and legal. Which of the structures is primarily mentioned in the mentioned situation?. Simple structure. Divisional structure. Matrix structure. Virtual organization. None of the mentioned.

Almost all large companies like SAS, Amazon, Bonobos, and Enterprise Rent-A-Car all offer leadership programs to prepare employees for taking on managerial responsibilities. Companies are also expanding and promoting their internship programs to asses participants for managerial positions. About which step of the HRM process are mainly the mentioned examples?. orientation. career development. recruitment. compensation and benefits.

The rapid onset of the use of artificial intelligence in recent periods has also been evident in the field of human resources management. For example, Electrolux has started using artificial intelligence to evaluate job applicants through video calls. AI leads the online interview and analyzes the job applicants' professional knowledge and emotional state, which is then summarized for the personnel manager in a brief overview. In which step of the HRM process is AI used in the mentioned company?. compensation and benefits. training. selection. career development. orientation. recruitment.

IKEA Australia slipped a spoof “Career Instructions” leaflet into each of their flat pack products mimicking their self-assembly instructions. This attracted nearly 4,000 quality applicants without having to pay any headhunters. About which step of the HRM process is mainly the mentioned situation?. training. orientation. selection. compensation and benefits. recruitment. career development.

Organisations today use a lot of selection tools to determine who is best qualified for the job. Managers need to “select” carefully since hiring errors can have significant implications. Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh once estimated bad hires had cost his company “well over $100 million.” Choose the possible selection tools: performance-simulation tests. none of the mentioned is selection tool. background investigations. application forms. written tests. all of the mentioned are selection tools. interviews.

Until recently, medical schools did not teach students how to communicate with patients. Many hospitals have now taken on this responsibility as patient satisfaction becomes more important. For instance, the University of Rochester Medical Center provides one on-one coaching to help doctors improve communication with patients. About which step of the HRM process are mainly the mentioned examples?. training. selection. human resource planning. recruitment. career development. compensation and benefits.

Work at the Slovak company Sygic is structured to a large extent so that employees work with other selected employees on a given project. Together, they determine the procedures and progress of fulfilling the assigned tasks, which are transferred to all participants. They use their positive synergy, individual and mutual accountability, and complementary skills. Based on the above, the employees are mainly members of: all of the mentioned. none of the mentioned. work teams. informal groups. management of the company.

The Big Bang Theory is an American sitcom about the world of young physicists. It is one of the most American series, having aired 12 series. At the end of the last series' filming, the actors and the production staff were preparing for the end of the collaboration, which was very emotional. They focused their attention on wrapping up activities instead of task performance. At what stage of group development was this group before it began to prepare for its disbanding?. adjourning. forming. norming. storming. performing.

SAP, a software company with over 30,000 employees in 60 countries, has its headquarters in Germany. Still, the company has R&D centres in India, China, Israel, and the US. Each centre shares a specific area of expertise with the entire company. Technology allows managers to assemble teams utilising employees from each speciality group. How can we call a team that uses computer technology to link physically dispersed members and achieve a common goal?. none of the mentioned. self-managed work team. virtual team. cross-functional team. problem-solving team.

Employee teams at General Electric's aircraft engine plant in Bromont, Canada, decide what tasks need to be done and how they should be done. The team assumes traditional supervisory tasks such as planning and scheduling production, setting overtime and vacation policies, and improving manufacturing processes. Each team member also sits on "councils" alongside company executives, participating in employee evaluation, promotion, and firing decisions. How can we call a work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment?. problem-solving team. self-managed work team. cross-functional team. none of the mentioned.

In February 2003, the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated on return to Earth, killing seven crew members. Two weeks earlier, during launch, the sealing foam had separated from the shuttle, hitting the plane's left wing and causing damage. However, Columbia continued in the mission. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) reported that multiple NASA employees realized the shuttle was severely damaged and needed inspection but never came with this information. An article in the Project Management Institute Journal notes that, at the time, NASA had created a culture that did not accept the criticism. After the first shuttle incident, it was clear that NASA management had already decided to continue the shuttle mission, making it difficult for anyone to develop recommendations to stop it. About which aspect of the group structure determinants is the most mentioned situation?. cohesiveness. group think. social loafing.

Adam has to tell the members of his department that the office hours have changed from flexible hours to a strict nine-to-five day. He calls a meeting to explain the change. He tried to explain the change clearly, but participants began arguing and asking multiple questions about the new work time policy due to intense emotions. The next day, Adam realizes that most people still do not have a clear idea about the change as a result of the confusion that they created at the meeting. Which of the following explains why the message was not understood because of the confusion?. the channel was not appropriate for the delivery of this message. all of the mentioned. the sender did not decode the message appropriately. none of the mentioned. the noise in the process interfered with the transmission of the message. the recipients did not encode the message correctly.

Over the years, managers at Wilson's Retail have discovered that the sales staff in the retail areas have the best insights into what customers want and how they shop. Wilson's uses these insights to design its retail spaces and decide which products to stock. To make the sharing of information easier, Wilson's encourages an open communication network, where information flows freely between and among staff and managers. Which one of the following communication networks does Wilson's probably use?. chain. all of the mentioned. downward. all-channel. none of the mentioned. wheel.

By the time that Sandra had finished the presentation to the employees, she had spoken for one and one-half hours, shown 24 visual aids, and no one asked a question. With which of the barriers to effective communication were the employees probably dealing with in the mentioned situation?. all of the mentioned. information overload. none of the mentioned. national culture. filtering. language.

Sony Pictures Entertainment was the target of hackers who successfully obtained sensitive information about employee pay, financial information, and confidential communications about particular movie stars. About which of the current issues in communication is the mentioned situation?. all of the mentioned. influence of social media. none of the mentioned. grapevine. cybersecurity. 24/7 work environment.

Jon is the manager of the finance department. He has to inform the employees in the department about the introduction of a new analytical software and the resultant changes in procedures. Which one of the following types of communication does he probably use in the mentioned situation?. lateral. downward. none of the mentioned. upward. diagonal. all of the mentioned.

Though clearly capable, Martina does not seem very confident of herself. She is always unsure of whether she can handle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs that are fairly straightforward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to evaluations from other people. What does Martina have?. high risk-taking score. low self-monitoring. low self-esteem. a high Machiavellianism score.

As a member state of the European Union, it is our duty to ensure that all citizens, regardless of their origin, are treated equally in recruitment, working conditions, career progression, remuneration, access to vocational training, employee pension insurance and dismissal. However, it is disheartening to see instances of discrimination against people from other countries coming to light. This issue is not just a statistic but a real problem affecting individuals in our society. In the context of attitudes, imagine a situation where your superior discriminates against your foreign colleague. You will defend him against this superior. Which attitude component manifested itself when you stood up for your colleague?. affective. cognitive. behavioral. none of the mentioned.

James, a new manager, is a very hard-working. He believes that people who are hardworking will always make sure that the work gets done on time. Even when he is out of the office, he supposes that his subordinates are working diligently because he works diligently most of the time. On which are based James's perceptions of his employees?. none of the mentioned. assumed similarity. stereotyping. selective perception. halo effect.

Mary dislikes having to convince prospective customers to buy products that she believes are inferior to others in the market. However, she has sales targets for all products, superior or otherwise, that she must meet in order to receive her commission. Although Mary tries to meet the target sales for all products, she is torn between her beliefs and the actions she must take. How is called this inconsistency?. halo effect. none of the mentioned. all of the mentioned. dark triad. cognitive dissonance.

"Any additional violations of company policy will result in escalating disciplinary action up to and including termination." This statement found on many corrective action forms, is an example of: extinction. all of the mentioned. negative reinforcement. punishment. positive reinforcement.

John and Tomas, colleagues who often engage in post-work tennis matches, share similar positions and a long history dating back to their school days because they graduated from the same university. One day, during a break in their match, they both received their payslips via email. As they compared their earnings, Tomas was hit hard by the realization that John earns a quarter more than him. This revelation left him deeply disillusioned and affected him on a personal level. In which of the motivational theories is the best explanation for Tomas's reaction likely to be found?. in Three-Needs Theory. in Equity Theory. in Goal-Setting Theory. in Theory X and Theory Y. in none of the mentioned.

Lucia wanted to praise her subordinate Peter for the well-prepared analysis he worked on with his colleagues. At regular meetings with employees, she stood up and, in front of everyone, congratulated him on his success and thanked him for his work commitment. However, Peter was not happy about it. On the contrary, he felt ashamed and left the meeting as soon as possible. What did Lucia probably do wrong in the context of McClelland's Three-Needs Theory of motivation?. She did not realize that the need for achievement was the most important motive for Peter. None of the mentioned. She did not realize that the need for power was the most important motive for Peter. She did not realize that the need for affiliation was the most important motive for Peter.

The real estate agency RE/MAX regularly announces the best real estate broker for a certain period (for example, a quarter). In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which categories of employee needs do they mainly fulfil with this activity?. Social needs. Esteem needs. Physiological needs. Safety needs.

Susan's boss has offered her tickets to a hockey game if she has more sales this month than last. Susan looked at him in disbelief, as she was uninterested in hockey. She did not increase her work performance and sales. According to Vroom's Expectancy theory, based on the above situation, we can assume that: expectancy was too low for Susan. instrumentality was too low for Susan. valence was too low for Susan. all variables (valence, instrumentality and expectancy) were too low for Susan. all variables (valence, instrumentality and expectancy) were too high for Susan.

Adam knows his more experienced workers don't need him to "babysit" them; he trusts them to know what to do, how to do it, and to get it done on time. In this respect, which kind of manager is Adam?. Two-factor manager. Theory X manager. Theory Y manager. Theory Z manager. All of the mentioned.

Marsha is the manager at a bank, with 30 employees reporting to her. Many of her staff are extremely impressed with the way she handles the people at the bank. They take pride in being associated with her team. She is not only fair and understanding, but ensures that the deserving employees are compensated well. Which two sources of power does Marsha use in this example?. referent and expert power. expert and reward power. referent and coercive power. reward and referent power.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also called Mahatma (Great Spirit), was an Indian thinker and politician—the most important figure of the Indian national liberation movement against the British colonizers. Gandhi was the creator of methods of nonviolent resistance against colonial rule, a promoter of racial and religious equality in India, and a leading figure in India's national independence movement. Mahatma Gandhi was also a great leader because he was persistent. In particular, which of the leadership theories of people represent this statement?. Contingency theories of leadership. Leadership behaviors. Leadership traits. All of the mentioned.

Eva is the head of the logistics department in an international company, and she has six direct subordinates. This group of employees gives good results, but in their work, they do not shy away from using, for example, politicking and abusing employees of other departments to achieve their goals. Such an approach to work is also inspired by the behaviour of their manager, Eva, who often thinks only of her good, uses her employees, and sometimes even creates discord between them to achieve her goals. Which of the following statements is true from the managerial perspective on leadership?. Eva is the manager, but she is not the leader. There is not any informal leader among employees. Eva is manager and also leader. Each leader in the organisation is also a manager.

As a manager, Iveta is typical in that she actively encourages group members to decide on tasks jointly and how to implement them. Everything that needs to be addressed is the subject of a group discussion. According to University of Iowa studies, what leadership style is this likely to be?. none of the mentioned. autocratic style. democratic style. laissez faire style. all of the mentioned.

Chuck manages the front-end crew at a fast food restaurant. For most of his crew, this is their first job so they have very few job skills but also seem reluctant to perform. In this situation, which leadership style should Chuck use?. telling. delegating. participating. selling.