family medicine

Which of the following syndromes is the most fre- quent cause of genetically determined intellectual disability in human population? A. Patau syndrome. B. Edwards' syndrome. C. Klinefelter syndrome. D. Down syndrome. E. Turner syndrome.

Which of the following activities are characteristic of six-month-old infants? A. supporting their body on the extended arms with partly or fully opened hands. B. bringing a toy from one hand to the other. C. dropping things on purpose. D. A,B are correct. E. A,B,C are correct.

The risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease do not include: A. female gender. B. elderly age. C. pregnancy. D. overweight or obesity. E. tobacco smoking.

In the case of hyperlipidemia (with an exception for familial hyperlipidemia) pharmacological treatment should be started if the proper diet itself has not led the patient to achieve therapeutic goals for: A. 2 weeks. B. 4 weeks. C. 6 weeks. D. 8 weeks. E. 10 weeks.

A doctor, after recognizing or suspecting the occur- rence of vaccine adverse event, is obliged to report this fact to the state county sanitary inspector not later than within: A. 24 hours. B. 48 hours. C. 4 days. D. 1 week. E. 2 weeks.

The causes of infantile colic include: A. increased intestinal gas formation. B. lactose intolerance. C. immaturity of the central nervous system. D. bad diet of a breastfeeding mother. E. all the above.

Skin rash appeared in an 11-year-old child with acute tonsillitis after the administration of amoxicillin. What is the most probable cause? A. infection with Ebstein-Barr virus. B. infection with Coxackie virus. C. infection with the herpes simplex virus. D. allergy to amoxicillin. E. A and D are true.

Which of the following statements concerning cold water cooling of the patient suffering from burns is true? A. cooling is more important immediately after the burn. B. cooling should last 15 minutes or until the patient starts shivering. C. no more than 10% of the body surface should be cooled down at a given time. D. A,B are correct. E. A,B,C are correct.

The signs and symptoms of Conn's syndrome (prima- ry hyperaldosteronism) do not include: A. decreased thirst. B. decreased muscle strength. C. arterial hypertension refractory to pharmacologi- cal treatment. D. polyuria. E. tetany.

At doctor's office a young male presents with the symptoms of sprained ankle with large hematoma, marked edema and acute pain, suggesting an injury of the joint capsule. The gypsum cast should be applied for: A. 7 days. B. 14 days. C. 21 days. D. 30 days. E. 45 days.

The basic diagnostic method of identification of Gia- rdia lamblia is:

In the event of a planned surgery in people with dia- betes, the surgery should be postponed (if possible) if the HbA1c level exceeds: A. 7.5%. B. 8.0%. C. 8.5%. D. 9.0%. E. 9.5%.

First-line treatment in migraine prophylaxis does not include: A. acetylsalicylic acid. B. metoprolol. C. propranolol. D. flunarizine. E. valproic acid.

The clinical presentations of cerebral palsy do not include: A. hemiplegic palsy. B. diplegic palsy. C. spastic diplegic palsy. D. ataxic palsy. E. pyramidal palsy.

The efficacy of minimal smoking cessation counsel- ing (the 5xP rule), defined as the total smoking cessation for a year, is about: A. 1-3%. B. 3-5%. C. 5-10%. D. 10-15%. E. 15-20%.

Some physiotherapeutic methods should be applied with caution in patients with an implanted pacemaker. Which of the following is pro- hibited? A. spinal massage. B. iontophoresis. -some polish sources say this, but generally iontophoresis is safe.. C. synergistic training. D. diadynamic therapy. E. heliotherapy.

The methods of physical therapy include: A. electromagnetic field, magnetronics, Terapulse and short-wave diathermy. B. hydrotherapy, thermotherapy and cryotherapy. C. ultrasounds, electrotherapy. D. light therapy and laser. E. all the above.

A second-line medication in the outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia is: A. amoxicillin. B. macrolide. C. cefuroxime. D. fluoroquinolone. E. benzylpenicillin.

A follow-up visit in patients with diagnosed hyperten- sion who has been treated pharmacologically should be scheduled after approx.: A. 2 days. B. 1 week. C. 3 weeks. D. 6 weeks. E. 2 months.

Voluntary control of the anal sphincter should be achieved in children before: A. 2 year of life. B. 3 year of life. C. 4 year of life. D. 5 year of life. E. there is no such norm, each child should be consid- ered individually.

Epiglottitis that is usually caused by Haemophilus in- fluenzae, typically affects children aged: A. 8-10 years. B. 6-8 years. C. 4-6 years. D. 6 months - 5 years. E. 1-3 months.

Neuroborreliosis can manifest itself as: 1) lymphocytic meningitis; 2) encephalitis; 3) spinal cord inflammation; 4) cranial nerve palsy; 5) chronic encephalopathy; 6) impaired concentration; 7) increased nerve excitability. The correct answer is: A. 1,2,3. B. 2,3,4. C. 5,6,7. D. all the above. E. none of the above.

Which of the following tests is not obligatory in every patient with a newly diagnosed arterial hypertension? A. oral glucose tolerance test. B. Na , K concentration. C. creatinine concentration with GFR assessment. D. complete blood count. E. lipid profile.

Indicate the true sentence: A. a minor, who has completed 16 years of age, can decide about medical treatment and ask for consultation in the absence of caregivers. B. a minor who has completed 16 years of age, can't decide about medical treatment and ask for consultation in the absence of caregivers. C. the parents of a minor, who has completed 16 years D. the parents of a minor, who has completed 16 years of age don't have the right to decide about his/her medical treatment. E. consultation and any medical treatment of a minor can be undertaken only in the presence of the caregiver.

Food allergy may manifest itself as: A. urticaria (hives). B. rhinitis. C. conjunctivitis. D. A, B are true. E. A, B, C are true.

Pharmacological agents used in the treatment of shingles include: A. acyclovir in tablets. B. acyclovir in ointment. C. painkiller tablets. D. true are A,B. E. true are A,C.

Gout is usually initiated by the following factors ex- cept for: A. alcohol. B. ingestion of high amounts of purines. C. surgery. D. drugs. E. trauma.

The dietetic treatment of hypercholesterolemia in- cludes, among others, limited consumption of trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids that are present in: A. hard margarines. B. ready-to-eat pastries. C. instant soups. D. A,B are correct. E. A,B,C are correct.

Which of the following is a contraindication to vacci- nation in neonates? A. medical condition after intraventricular hemor- rhage. B. bronchopulmonary dysplasia. C. severe immunodeficiency. D. iron deficiency anemia. E. administration of palivizumab (Synagis) in the past.

Hip joints ultrasound should be performed in all new- born babies up to: A. 4 weeks of age. B. 6 weeks of age. C. 8 weeks of age. D. 10 weeks of age. E. 12 weeks of age.

A life-threatening anemia should be diagnosed when hemoglobin concentration drops below: A. 7.5 g/dL. B. 7.0 g/dL. 9 / 119 C. 6.5 g/dL. D. 6.0 g/dL. E. 5.5 g/dL.

"The first-step treatment of this disease consists in non-pharmacological methods, including quantitatively and qualitatively adjusted diet, refrain from smoking and drinking alcohol and withdrawal of ulcerogenic drugs". The above descrip- tion refers to: A. gastroesophageal reflux disease. B. coeliac disease. C. irritable bowel syndrome. D. ulcerative colitis. E. Crohn's disease.

The Levine grading scale is a numeric scoring system to characterize heart murmur intensity. The murmur described in this scale as 3 is: A. faint murmur, but easily audible with the stetho- scope, even during breathing. B. very faint murmur, only audible on listening for some time, on the breath hold. C. very loud murmur, audible with the stethoscope lifted 1 cm off the child chest. D. very loud murmur, audible with the stethoscope lifted 0.5 cm off the child chest. E. loud murmur readily audible but with no thrill.

A 29-year-old patient after a gynecological surgical operation complains of a calf pain lasting for 2 days accompanied by edema that appeared 24 hours later. The physical examination reveals no redness nor pain over the veins but the Homans' sign is positive(the pain increases on a forced dorsiflexion of the foot). The most probable diagno- sis: A. superficial thrombophlebitis. B. deep venous thrombosis. C. thromboangiitis. D. arteriosclerosis obliterans. E. thromboangiitis obliterans.

Typical anginal pain: A. is localized retrosternally and radiates to charac- teristic regions. B. is precipitated by exertion or emotional stress. C. is relieved by rest or sublingual administration of nitrates. D. true are A,B. E. true are A,B,C.

Fever, lymphadenopathy, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, conjunctivitis and a red, maculopapular rash, are symptoms characteris- tic of: A. measles. B. varicella. C. roseola. D. hand, foot and mouth disease. E. none of the above.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for pancre- atic cancer? A. smoking. B. obesity. C. chronic pancreatitis. D. diabetes mellitus. E. blood group O.

In the evaluation of child's school readiness the doc- tor must take into account the following components: A. physical maturity. B. intellectual maturity. C. emotional and social maturity. D. B, C are true. E. A, B, C are true.

In patients with atrial fibrillation, after stabilization of the dose of vitamin K antagonists(acenocoumarol, warfarin), control INR tests should be performed every: A. 2 weeks. B. 4 weeks. C. 6 weeks. D. 8 weeks. E. 12 weeks.

All the patients with coronary artery disease (in the absence of contraindications) should be chronically treated with: A. acetylsalicylic acid. B. statin. C. ACEI or ARB. D. A,B are correct. E. A,B,C are correct.

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is characterized by: A. increased concentration of triglycerides. B. low concentration of HDL-cholesterol. C. markedly elevated concentration of LDL-choles- terol. D. true are A,B. E. true are A,B,C.

Which of the following should be regarded as abnor- mal and demanding specialist intervention in a 10-day-old, breastfed male neonate? A. yellowish shade of the skin. B. presence of an umbilical hernia. C. presence of the Moro reflex. D. unilateral absence of a testis in the scrotum. E. none of the above.

A mother comes with a 3-week-old newborn and she is concerned about regurgitation that occur after each feeding. A child, born at term is fed with modified milk, drinks greedily; it has gained 400 g of weight since the birth. A proper approach to this newborn is: A. order metoclopramide. B. suggest thickening of the milk with rice gruel. C. calming the mother, instructions on the appropri- ate positioning of the child during Feeding. D. order urgent surgical consultation. E. A and C are true.

When analyzing measurements of body temperature performed by a patient the family doctor should consider the location where the measurement was performed. Which of the following statements is true? A. measurement under the armpit or in the ear is the least reliable. (forehead is least reliable) B. temperature measured orally is about 0.5°C higher than the basic temperature. C. temperature measured rectally is about 0.5°C low- er than the basic temperature. (higher) D. A,B are true. E. A,B,C are true.

Which of the following distinguish allergic rhinitis from a common cold: 1) itchy nose; 2) watery nasal discharge; 3) sneezing; 4) cough; 5) fever. The correct answer is: A. only 1. B. 1,2. C. 2,3. D. 3,4. E. only 5.

Woman's milk excreted in the first 5 days after the delivery is called: A. mature milk. B. transitional milk. C. initial milk. D. colostrum. E. it does not have a specific name.

Coughing up of more than 100 mL of blood in a short time suggests massive hemoptysis and is an indica- tion for: A. treatment at the family doctor clinic. B. planned specialist consultation. C. urgent specialist consultation. D. hospitalization. E. further observation and hospitalization in the case of worsening.

Indicate the correct set of signs of diabetic fetopa- thy: A. macrosomia, increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue, vivid red skin, abounded hair of the head. B. microsomia, decreased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue, vivid red skin, abounded hair of the head. C. macrosomia, normal amount of subcutaneous adi-pose tissue, pale skin, abounded hair of the head. D. microsomia, increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue, vivid red skin, diminished hair of the head. E. macrosomia, increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue, pale skin, diminished hair of the head.

50. Family Medicine Estudia en línea en https://quizlet.com/_en54gl pose tissue, pale skin, abounded hair of the head. D. microsomia, increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue, vivid red skin, diminished hair of the head. E. macrosomia, increased amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue, pale skin, diminished hair of the head. A female patient reports to her family doctor that her father had a colon cancer while her mother and aunt had a breast cancer. Indicate the most appropriate man- agement: A. observation of the patient, there is no need to refer her to any specialist - she doesn't present any alarming symptoms. B. telling the patient about the risk and providing an observation in the settings of family doctor service. C. referring the patient to the outpatient clinic for genetic counseling, there is no need for other consultations. D. referring the patient to the cancer prevention cen- ter and the outpatient clinic for genetic counseling. E. referring the patient to the emergency department in order to carry out quick cancer diagnostics.

Specific diabetic complications do not include: A. nephropathy. B. retinopathy. C. polyneuropathy. D. coronary artery disease. E. diabetic foot.

Which of the following indicates a successful treat- ment of sideropenic anemia with iron preparations? A. increase in hemoglobin concentration of 2 g/dL after 1-2 weeks of the treatment. B. increase in reticulocyte count after 3 days of the treatment. C. increase in erythrocyte count after 1 week of the treatment. D. increase of MCV after 1-2 weeks of the treatment. E. ferritin concentration coming back to normal levels after a week of the treatment.

Which types of acute viral hepatitis are subject to mandatory reporting to the relevant county sanitary-epidemiological stations : 1) type A; 2) type B; 3) type C; 4) type D; 5) type E. The correct answer is: A. only 1. B. 1,2. C. 1,2,3. D. 1,2,3,4. E. all the above.

An accidentally aspirated foreign body most fre- quently goes to: A. left bronchus - wider, constituting continuation of the trachea in a way. B. left bronchus - narrower, constituting continuation of the trachea in a way. C. right bronchus - wider, constituting continuation of the trachea in a way. D. right bronchus - narrower, constituting continua- tion of the trachea in a way. E. left and right bronchi are of a similar width and it is a matter of chance into which of them a foreign body goes.

Enamel defects, esophagus and stomach mucosa erosions, muscle weakness due to dyselectrolytemia are the symptoms of: A. anorexia nervosa. B. bulimia. C. vitamin C deficiency. D. fluoride deficiency. E. A and D are true.

A skin disease of non-bacterial etiology is: A. impetigo contagiosa. B. tinea versicolor. C. erythrasma. D. erysipelas. E. ecthyma.

Which of the following scores in the Fagerström test suggests strong addiction to nicotine: A. 1 point. B. 3 points. C. 5 points. D. 7 points. E. 12 points.

The complications of NSAID within the gastroin- testinal tract include hemorrhages, perforations, stenoses - mainly in the upper part. Prophylaxis against these complications should be undertaken in patients: A. under 50 year of life. B. using more than 1 medication of NSAID group. C. with symptoms of skin allergy. D. with sleep disorders. E. with vitamin D insufficiency.

Which of the following is responsible for inflamma- tion of the edges of the eyelids in the elderly? A. Streptococcus. B. Acinetobacter. C. Demodex. D. Haemophilus. E. none of the above.

A 2-year-old boy came with his mother for a due checkup visit. He is going to attend nursery school in a few months. His vaccinations have been performed according to the schedule. What recommendations on vaccination should be given to his mother?A. no additional vaccination is needed. B. additional vaccination against chickenpox and pneumococcal disease should be recommended. C. additional vaccination against meningococcal dis- ease should be recommended. D. additional vaccination against hepatitis A should be considered. E. B,C,D are correct.

Endocrine hypertension occurs in the course of: C. obese adults (BMI > 30 kg/m ). A. Cushing syndrome. B. primary hyperaldosteronism. C. hyperparathyroidism. D. pheochromocytoma. E. all the above.