FCLE

1. What principle did the Declaration of Independence draw from Enlightenment ideas?. Divine right of kings. The social contract. Theocracy. Hereditary monarchy.

2. According to Enlightenment thinkers, why do governments exist?. To maximize the wealth of the ruling class. To protect the natural rights of citizens. To maintain a rigid social hierarchy. To promote religious dogma.

3. What did Montesquieu’s ideas contribute to the U.S. Constitution?. The idea of universal suffrage. The concept of checks and balances. The promotion of absolute monarchy. The establishment of a theocratic state.

What principles were foundational to the American constitutional republic as established by the Declaration of Independence?. Centralized power and authoritarian rule. Individual liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. Monarchy and aristocracy. Oligarchy and censorship.

According to the Declaration of Independence, from where do governments derive their just powers?. Divine authority. The consent of the governed. The military. Hereditary succession.

How did the Declaration of Independence contribute to the expansion of civil rights in the United States?. It supported slavery. It established women›s suffrage. It paved the way for the abolition of slavery, women›s suffrage, and civil rights movements. It had no impact on civil rights.

What state’s constitution served as a model for other state constitutions and the U.S. Constitution?. New York. Massachusetts. Hawaii. Pennsylvania.

8. What did the Articles of Confederation primarily emphasize?. A strong federal government. The sovereignty of individual states. The monarchy. Theocracy.

9. What significant weakness of the Articles of Confederation led to the call for the Constitutional Convention?. Lack of taxation power. Overreaching central government. Absence of a standing army. Excessive state sovereignty.

10. What did the Northwest Ordinances aim to ensure?. The orderly expansion of the nation›s territories. The establishment of a monarchy. The expansion of slavery. The imposition of religious dogma.

11. What did the Federalist Papers advocate for regarding the proposed U.S. Constitution?. A weak federal government. A theocratic state. A strong federal government and ratification of the Constitution. The abolition of the Constitution.

12. What was the primary purpose of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution?. To establish a monarchy. To promote slavery. To protect individual liberties. To create a theocratic government.

13. What key principle did the Magna Carta establish in 1215?. The absolute power of the monarchy. The invincibility of the king. The principle that the king›s power was not absolute and that even the monarchy was subject to the law. The divine right of kings.

14. What principle did the Mayflower Compact draw from social contract theory?. The divine right of kings. The importance of a strong central government. The belief in theocracy. The idea that individuals should collectively agree to establish a just and equal society.

15. What did the English Bill of Rights emphasize?. The absolute power of the monarch. The rights of Parliament, fair trials, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment. The divine right of kings. The establishment of a theocratic state.

16. Who authored the pamphlet “Common Sense,” and what was its primary message?. John Adams, advocating for monarchy. Thomas Paine, advocating for American independence and self- governance. George Washington, advocating for religious dogma. Benjamin Franklin, advocating for theocracy.

17. What did the Virginia Declaration of Rights lay the groundwork for?. The abolition of the Bill of Rights. The expansion of slavery. The protection of individual rights and the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. The establishment of a monarchy.

18. What was the main concern of the Anti-Federalist Papers, including Brutus 1?. Advocating for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Fearing the consolidation of power and endangering individual liberties under the U.S. Constitution. Promoting theocracy. Advocating for theocracy.

19. What did the Constitution of Massachusetts (1780) include, which influenced the U.S. Constitution?. Provisions for the abolition of the federal government. Provisions for centralized power and a monarchy. Provisions for the separation of powers and a bill of rights. Provisions for religious dogma.

20. How did the Northwest Ordinances (1784, 1785, 1787) align with Enlightenment principles?. By promoting religious dogma. By ensuring the orderly expansion of the nation›s territories. By advocating for a monarchy. By suppressing individual rights.

1. Which article of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch?. Article II. Article I. Article III. Article IV.

2. What does Article V of the Constitution outline?. The President›s powers. The judicial branch. The legislative branch. The amendment process.

3. Article II of the Constitution establishes which branch of government?. Legislative. Executive. Judicial. Federal courts.

4. Which branch of government does Article III establish?. Legislative. Executive. Judicial. State governments.

5. What is the primary role of the judicial branch, as outlined in Article III?. Enforcing laws. Making laws. Interpreting laws. Amending laws.

6. According to Article III, what types of cases are federal courts authorized to hear?. Cases involving state law. Cases involving foreign governments. Cases involving local disputes. Cases involving city ordinances.

7. What is the main purpose of establishing federal courts in Article III?. To handle all legal disputes. To interpret state laws. To interpret federal laws and ensure their constitutionality. To enforce state laws.

8. What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause require states to recognize?. Federal laws. State laws. Public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states. The Constitution.

9. Which article outlines the process for admitting new states to the Union?. Article I. Article II. Article III. Article IV.

10. What is the requirement for ratifying the Constitution, as described in Article VII?. Approval by a majority of states. Approval by two-thirds of states. Approval by nine out of thirteen states. Approval by all states.

11. Which type of powers are explicitly listed in the Constitution?. Expressed powers. Super Powers. State Powers. Implied powers.

12. Where are implied powers derived from in the Constitution?. The Bill of Rights. The Necessary and Proper Clause. The Supremacy Clause. The First Amendment.

13. What does the Amendment Process allow the Constitution to do?. Abolish the Constitution. Adapt to changing times and societal values. Change the order of articles in the Constitution. Expand the number of branches of government.

14. Which amendments make up the Bill of Rights?. The first five amendments. The first ten amendments. The first fifteen amendments. The first twenty amendments.

15. How does the Constitution safeguard individual rights?. Through the President›s powers. Through the Fourteenth Amendment›s Due Process Clause. Through state laws. Through the amendment process.

16. In what circumstances may certain rights be limited to protect public safety or national security?. Never. Always. Times of war. During elections.

17. What does the Tenth Amendment reserve powers to?. The federal government. The states or the people. The judicial branch. The President.

18. Which amendments expanded voting rights and civic participation?. First and Second Amendments. Fifth and Sixth Amendments. Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendments. Twentieth and Twenty-First Amendments.

19. What did the Twenty-Sixth Amendment do?. Raised the voting age. Lowered the voting age. Eliminated voting rights. Created new voting districts.

20. Which amendment defines citizenship and protects civil rights?. Second Amendment. Fourth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment. Eighteenth Amendment.

21. What factors influence voter turnout?. Voting inaccessibility. Political disengagement. Public interest. All of the above.

22. . How were the Bill of Rights initially applied?. To both federal and state governments. Only to the federal government. Only to state governments. Not applied at all.

23. What did Federalists support?. Ratification of the Constitution. Abolition of the Constitution. Expansion of state governments. Lowering the voting age.

24. Why did Anti-Federalists demand a Bill of Rights?. To protect individual freedoms from potential government abuse. To expand the powers of the federal government. To abolish the Constitution. To reduce the number of states.

25. Which clause establishes federal law as the highest authority, overriding conflicting state laws?. Supremacy Clause. Full Faith and Credit Clause. Emoluments Clause. Commerce Clause.

1. Who proposed that individuals enter into a social contract to form a government?. Montesquieu. John Locke. Thomas Jefferson. James Madison.

2. According to John Locke, where does the legitimacy of political authority come from?. Divine right. The military. The consent of the governed. Hereditary monarchy.

3. Why is citizens’ active participation and agreement with the government’s actions crucial for its legitimacy and functioning?. It ensures military support. It guarantees economic stability. It reflects the concept of the social contract. Hereditary monarchy.

4. Who advocated for the separation of powers to prevent tyranny and concentration of authority?. John Locke. Thomas Jefferson. Montesquieu. James Madison.

5. How many branches of government did Montesquieu propose in his concept of separation of powers?. One. Two. Three. Four.

6. What is the primary purpose of checks and balances within a government system?. To concentrate power in one branch. To ensure one branch becomes too powerful. To prevent tyranny and foster government accountability. To eliminate the need for elections.

7. What does the rule of law ensure?. The dominance of the executive branch. Government actions are bound by legal principles and constraints. Unlimited government power. Exemption of government officials from laws.

8. According to the rule of law, who is not above the law?. Government officials. Foreign diplomats. Corporations. All of the above.

9. What does the rule of law primarily place restrictions on?. Economic activities. The media. The exercise of government power, protecting individual rights, and promoting justice and fairness. Public education programs.

10. What does due process refer to?. Quick and efficient legal proceedings. The fair treatment of individuals in legal proceedings. The exclusion of legal procedures. Administrative decision-making.

11. What does due process guarantee individuals?. The right to a speedy trial. The right to legal representation. Certain legal procedures and protections. The right to a jury of their peers.

12. What does equality under the law mean?. Guarantee of equal outcomes. All individuals are entitled to the same treatment and protection, regardless of differences. Equal distribution of resources. Equal opportunities.

13. What is NOT guaranteed by equality under the law?. Equal outcomes. Equal treatment and protection. Equal opportunities.

14. What does popular sovereignty assert?. The ultimate source of authority lies with the government. The ultimate source of authority lies with the military. The ultimate source of authority lies with the people.

15. According to popular sovereignty, what does the government exist to do?. Serve foreign interests. Serve the military. Serve the people and govern based on their consent.

16. What phrase in the United States Constitution emphasizes popular sovereignty as the foundation of the government?. «By the power vested in us». «For the common good». «We the People».

17. What did the Founders believe in regarding natural rights?. Natural rights are granted by the government. Natural rights are inherent to all individuals, such as life, liberty, and property.

18. What is federalism?. A system where power is concentrated at the state level. A system where power is shared between the national and state governments. A system where power is solely in the hands of the federal government. A system of checking and balancing all branches of government.

19. What does federalism allow for?. Concentrated decision-making. Diverse governance. A single national government. Localized decision-making and diverse governance while maintaining a unified national identity.

20. What freedoms did the Founders believe in safeguarding?. Business freedoms. Healthcare freedoms. All of the above. None of the above.

21. Which amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, and assembly?. First Amendment. Second Amendment. Fifth Amendment. 10th Amendment.

22. What does the Constitution guarantee for each state?. A monarchy. A theocracy. A republican (representative) form of government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. Enough money to support welfare programs.

23. Why did the Founders not favor a purely democratic form of government?. They believed in the efficiency of pure democracy. They feared the potential for majority tyranny in a purely democratic government and sought to protect minority rights.

24. What is the significance of combining democratic principles with republican principles in the United States government?. To concentrate power in the executive branch. To ensure that the judicial branch has ultimate authority. To balance the interests of the majority and protect minority rights. To eliminate the need for elections.

25. What role does the Bill of Rights play in the United States Constitution?. It establishes the hierarchy of government branches. It defines the structure of the legislative branch. It guarantees essential civil rights and liberties. It outlines the responsibilities of state governments.