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TEST BORRADO, QUIZÁS LE INTERESEGrammar test UNED

COMENTARIOS ESTADÍSTICAS RÉCORDS
REALIZAR TEST
Título del test:
Grammar test UNED

Descripción:
Uned test LAB

Autor:
Alicia
(Otros tests del mismo autor)

Fecha de Creación:
15/10/2018

Categoría:
UNED

Número preguntas: 185
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Temario:
Operator related adjuncts....... Are placed near the finite operator Consist of adjuncts of modality, degree and circumstance. Are a main class of adjuncts.
The most central element in a clause after the Subject and the Predicate is the: Oi Od Complement.
Connective adjuncts....... Can´t be used between groups Are not elements of structure Show how the speaker understands the syntactic connection between utterances.
The Predicator (mark the false one) Can be realized by finite, non finite, lexical and primary verbs Encodes four main processes Is present in all main clauses.
Choose the incorrect statement: possessive pronouns can be subjects the predicator is associated with a number of semantic domains Clauses can encode every function except predicator The Predicator is the second most informative part of the clause.
Which of the following is NOT a central functional category: A. Complement B. Subject C. Object D. Adjunct Complement Subject Object Adjunt.
Choose the incorrect statement: Cs and Co do not encode different types of participants Objects and Complements are limited by the verb The Predicate is the Primary Participant.
She got dressed quickly, had breakfast and went to work is a.................. Complex sentence A compound sentence An ungrammatical sentence.
Choose the correct answer: English does not favour cumulative negation Without and hardly are negative words Two negative words cannot appear in the same sentence.
Choose the incorrect option: Frequency adverbs (often, usually) and modal adverbs (probably)resist clefting Finite verbal element resist fronting Agent, recipient, affected, process, attribute and circumstance are elements or functions of transitivity structures. The components of conceptualization of reality are syntactic roles.
Grammar is functional because it (choose the false one): Matches form to function and meaning in context Expresses our interpretation of the world as we experience it Interacts with others to bring about changes in the environment Allows us to place syntactic and semantic functions on a continuum.
Speech acts (choose the false one): Take place in a social context Can ́t be ungrammatical Are also known as communicative acts Can be questions, directives or promises.
The largest class of adjuncts are the ____________ adjuncts. Connective Stance Circumstancial.
The Predicate.... (choose the incorrect answer) limits Objects and Complements is the most informative part of the clause is the primary participant in a clause. is a major functional category in the clause.
Choose the false one: stance adjuncts, are semantically separate, and usually occur at end or beginning of a clause. Connective adjuncts have a textual function Circumstantial adjuncts occur in random order operator related adjuncts are placed near the finite operator.
Subjects can be (choose the incorrect answer): An adjective preceded by an article An adjective A pronoun A gerund.
Choose the correct statement: Circumstances are contingent facts associated with the main situation The components of conceptualization of reality are syntactic roles The simple clause is the basic unit that embodies textual and interpersonal meaning.
8. Which of the following is NOT an element or function of transitivity structures. Affected Attibrute Adjunct Agent.
Indicative mood or clause types carry out exchanges of information (statement= declarative and questions =interrogative) and the _________________carry the syntactic burden of these exchanges. subject and the finite operator subject and predicator predicator and agent finite operator and agent.
10. Which TWO elements resist clefting: Frequency adverbs and modal adverbs Direct objects and frequency adverbs NGs and direct objects NGs and modal adverbs.
Choose the incorrect statement: In NGs Determiners and Modifiers have equal syntactic status. In VG the lexical verb is considered the main element NGs, PPs, AdjGs and AdvGs have three primary elements. To be and to have are types of Finite verbs.
We can make negatives (choose the incorrect answer): By using a non verbal nuclear negative word with a non assertive word. By using a non finite verb in a dependent clause. By using DON ́T in the second person imperative By using NOT after a finite operator.
Choose the non assertive word: Still A lot Something Anyone.
Choose the incorrect statement: The scope of negation is closely related to the adjuncts in the clause. There cannot be more than one scope of negation in each clause. Groups, words and non finite clauses can be negated by NOT without negating the whole clause Negative statements can be used to make tactful questions.
A compound sentences is: A unit that contains dependent or dependent and cojoined clauses A unit of two or more coordinated independent sentences Is always embedded Is the highest grammatical unit on a rank of scale.
Objects: (choose the incorrect statement): Are determined by the predicator Are of two types, Direct Object or Indirect Object Are key participants in an event Can be pre verbal.
We can determine if an element is a Subject through the following tests (choose incorrect one): Passivisation Position Pronominalisation Reflection in question tags Concord.
The prepositional object (choose the incorrect one): Is also called an oblique object Is a subsidiary type of Object mediated by a preposition Is placed immediately after the finite operator.
Subjects and Direct Objects can be realized by (choose the incorrect one): NGs PPs Non-Finite clauses Anticipatory IT.
In phrasal verbs (choose the incorrect statement): The particle is stressed You can usually place an adverb in the middle The pronoun goes before the particle We can analyze the particle as part of the verb in the idiomatic types.
Speech acts (choose the incorrect answer): Are a type of communicative act Are acts you perform with words, written or spoken May also be whistling or using signs Take place in a social context Use clauses as their major grammatical unit.
Which of the following is NOT a semantic function: Recipient Adjunct Process Affected.
Which of the following is not a property of FINITE VERBS: Can carry tense Are one of the two obligatory elements in an abbreviated clause Can carry modality They are always after a subject.
4. Non-factual meaning is not typical of Affirmatives Condicionals Comparatives.
5. ________________ is the semantic influence that a negative word has over the rest of the clause that follow it. Non-nuclear word Scope of negation Local negation Transferred negation.
6. Compliments (choose the incorrect answer): Encode constituents that are semantically not participants Characterize the subject or object Identify the subject or object Are not required syntactically.
7. The predicator (choose the incorrect answer) Syntactically determines the number and type of objects Is identified by position in relation to the Object Has a one to one correspondence between the class of unit and the syntactic function Is always realized by a verbal group Is present in all types of clauses.
8. Probably is a type of ________________________: Usuality operator related adjunct Degree operator related adjunct Modality operator related adjunct.
Undoubtedly is a _______________ adjunct: Circumstantial Connective Stance.
10. Direction, source and manner are types of _____________ adjuncts. Circumstancial Connective Stance.
11. Discourse markers do NOT: Belong to circumstantial adjuncts Mark a new speaker ́s turn Manage information Show speaker ́s attitude towards the message.
12. Which of the following is NOT a type of complementation of verbs: Valency Copular Complex Transitive.
13. Which of the following can NOT be used transitively or intransitively depending on the usage: Causatives with an intransitive counterpart Verbs with a reflexive meaning Verbs with a reciprocal meaning Verbs with an implied Object Transitive causatives.
14. A cognitive notion that allows us to conceptualize a situation from different perspectives is a _______________. Current attribute Resulting attribute Frame Attention.
15. Which of the following can NOT be a dependent clause: –en clauses –ing clauses Wh-clauses To infinitive clauses.
16. When do we drop/omit the complementizer “that” (choose incorrect answer) When the main verb is say or think When the subject is the same in the main clause and in the that-clause When there is a noun in the that-clause In informal spoken registers.
17. “We decided to try to rent a house by the sea” is an example of ...... Recursive embedding A sentence with cantentative verbs A causative process A bare finite embedded clause.
18. Which of the following tend to express factual meaning: Verb + ing clause –en infinitives To infinitives Non-assertive words.
19. Which of the following is not a process? Verbal Being Doing Paticipating.
20. “Mary gave the Red Cross money” is an example of a.... Bivalent clause Trivalent clause Monovalent clause Complex clause.
1. Unstressed “there” is NOT: A presentative device A semantically empty element A syntactic place filler Part of material processes.
2. To move information units to the front of a sentence we DON ́T use: Passives Thematization Clefting.
3. Reason for choosing to use passives: To cut out necessary Given information To make the sentence “lighter” To place the main focus at the end.
4. Derived themes: Are derived from the local topic Are related to hyperthemes or global topics. Are also called split themes.
5. New information: (choose false answer) Is not recoverable by the hearer Is clearly different form the Given Is obligatory in each unit Is distributed by the tone unit.
6. The least common of the following thematisations in declarative clauses is: Circumstantial adjuncts Negative adverbs Objects Complements.
7. Referent chains can be set up by (choose the false one): Theme referents Topic referents End weight referents Subject referents.
8. The three main parts of textual meaning are: (mark the three) Theme-rheme Order of constituents Weight of information Distribution and focus of information.
9. Modal tags can soften or intensify a directive True False It depends on the modal.
10. The following can be made into exclamations using intonation: Declaratives and imperatives Verbless clauses Interrogatives All of the above.
11. When the speaker has a neutral assumption about the answer in some/any question we use: Assertive forms Non assertive forms Either, depending on the type of question.
12. The difference between a declarative and a performative is: Declaratives have truth values and performatives don ́t. Performatives have truth values and carry out the act they name Declaratives are used normally to incite someone to do something.
13. Freestanding subordinate clauses: (choose the false answer) Are characteristic of ongoing conversations Are often introduced by because or cos Can be introduced by wh-questions Can be introduced by which Are not attached to previous clauses Reinforce previous utterances.
14. Which of the following is NOT an interpersonal function of a vocative: To gets someone ́s attention To urge a collaborative act To mark distance and respect To maintain close or friendly relationships To single out someone in a group.
15. Choose the incorrect statement: Exclamative “what” is a determinative Exclamative “how” functions as a degree adverb Interrogative “what” functions as a subject Interrogative “what” is pronominal.
16. Do you know what time it is? Is a(n): Recursive interrogative Alternative interrogative Double interrogative.
17. Choose the incorrect answer: The exclamative has the illocutionary force of a statement The imperative has the illocutionary force of a directive The interrogative has the illocutionary force of a question.
18. When a clause type is used to carry out the speech act it is associated with it is a (n): Direct speech act Indirect speech act Illocutionary act.
19. The following is NOT a factor in the transitivity hypothesis: Mode Agency Kinesis Affectedness Aspect Lateness Punctuality.
20. Grammatical metaphors (choose the incorrect statement) Are typical in spoken utterances Are alternative realisations of semantic functions Encode actions and states as nouns Include nominalizations Transfer the expected semantic function in a state of affairs to the syntactic function.
1. Choose the incorrect statement: Nominalization is a feature of grammatical metaphors Grammatical metaphors are more typical in spoken speech In grammatical metaphors the semantic functions in a state of affairs are transferred in relation to the syntactic functions. Nominalization raises the representation of a situation to a higher level of abstraction by objectifying and depersonalizing it.
2. The get passive is (choose the correct answer): Used more in writing Focuses on the event Shows speaker ́s involvement Is neutral about responsibility.
3. The sentence “She is twelve” (choose the correct answer): Shows the use of a mental process Shows the use of an existential process Shows the use of a material process Shows the use of a relational process.
4. The transitivity hypothesis takes into consideration the following factors (choose the incorrect one) Affectedness of O Mode Aspects Punctuality Agency Objectiveness.
5. When the affected of a transitive clause is the same as the subject of an intransitive clause we have a/an: Ergative alienation A transitive-causative structure Pseudo transitive.
6. Choose the incorrect sentence: Interrogatives express doubts Exclamatives grammaticalize the expression of emotion Imperatives act on other to get things done, by ordering, requesting, etc. Indicatives are a grammatical category typically used to exchange information.
7. Compliments encode constituents that: Are participants but not semantically required Are not participants, but are semantically and syntactically required Are not participants but are semantically required.
8. Choose the incorrect statement: Exclamative HOW functions as a degree adverb Interrogative HOW functions as a manner adverb Exclamative WHAT is a determiner Interrogative WHAT is nominal.
9. To determine if constituents (subjects, predicators, objects, complements and objects) are clause elements, we can check the following: (choose incorrect) Determination by the verb Position Ability to become the subject Pronominalization Realization of their functions.
10. The discourse function of tags is to (choose incorrect one): Illicit information Seek agreement or confirmation of previous statements Keep the conversation going.
11. Among these marked themes in declarative clauses, which is the least uncommon? Negative adverbs Objects Compliments Circumstantial adjuncts.
12. To expand linguistic units we can use (choose the incorrect one): Coordination Expanding Subordination Embedding.
13. In______________ we can distinguish between modifiers and determiners. AdvGs AdjGs PPs NGs.
14. Processes of transfer are ________________ processes. Material Mental Behavioral Verbal.
15. Choose which of the following is not a type of complementation: Monotransitive Copular Compound transitive Intransitive.
16. Choose which of the following is NOT a type of connective adjunct: Additive Supplementive Contrast Casual Temporal.
17. The direct object cannot be realized by: NGs Antocipatory it Finite clauses AdjGs PPs.
18. Which of the following is not useful to see if a preposition has dependency with respect to the prepositional verb: Fronting the particle Checking its stress of the particle Making it the focus of a cleft Use a wh- question Adverb insertion.
19. Complements of the subject (choose incorrect one) Are obligatory constituents which follow a copular verb Can be made the subject of a passive clause Are NOT a new participant (like Objects) Can be realized by NGs and AdjGs. Complete the predicate by adding information about the subject referent.
20. Which of the following affirmations if false: Verbless clauses are ellipted clauses which lack one or more structural elements The subjunctive is a clause type, not a verb type. Abbreviated clauses can have alternative orderings, verbless clauses can ́t. Freestanding subordinating clauses can be sentential relative clauses or clauses of reason.
1. Thematic structures encode: Textual meaning Mood structures Transitivity structures.
2. Choose the incorrect statement about structural disambiguation: Topicalization and wh-questions involve moving the stretch of language to observe it ́s syntactic behavior. Modal adverbs and frequency adverbs resist Clefting Coordination mean adding a cojoin that realizes a different function Finite verbs resist fronting.
3. Which is NOT a finite dependent clause? Relative clause Wh-interrogative Superlative clause Supplementives elements Comparative clause.
4. Which sentence about syntactic elements is NOT true: A post modifier is also called a qualifier. Complements are optional in NGs but obligatory in PPs. In NGs we can distinguish between modifiers and semi determiners.
5. The word “somebody” is: (choose the most complete) Factual Nonfaltual and assertive Factual and assertive.
6. Local negation means: Groups, words and non-finite clauses can be negated by the word “not” without negating the whole clause. Transferring a negative element from its logical place in the reported clause to negate the verb in the main clause. Negating a local topic without negating the global topic.
7. He stayed in bed: Contains a C loc Contains a verb of motion Contains an attribute.
8. Which of the following is NOT a semantically empty element? Dummy “it” Presentative “there” Anticipatory “it”.
9. Which of the following statements about Indirect Objects is incorrect: Ois can be easily omitted from the clause Ois can be realized by objective case pronouns They can always be made into passives Only take place with verbs with a valency of three Ois usually have alternative prepositional phrases.
10. Subject Complements: (choose the incorrect one) Can be made subjects in passives Are not new Participants Can be realized by NGs Can by identifying or Attributive.
11. “Still” is an adjunct of: Frecuency Modality Aspectuality Degree Usuality.
12. In the sentence: It snows We see a semantic valency o 0 and a syntactic valency of 0. We see a semantic valency of 1 and a syntactic valency of 1 We see a semantic valency of 0 and a syntactic valency of 1.
13. Frame: (choose incorrect) Allows us to conceptualize a situation from different perspectives These perspectives draws on the cognitive ability to direct our attention This attention can be conceptualized by roles.
14. That: (choose incorrect) Is a complementizer Syntactically is a type of Od Has meaning and functions as a constituent Can express factual or non factual meaning.
15. A/An________________ is used with verbs like advise, show and teach and represents factual information. Nominal relative Indirect interrogative Cantentative complement.
16. Which of the following and causative verbs in past participle clauses? Want, like, prefer Get, have See, hear, feel Find, leave.
17. _____________ indicate an event where the end point is included. –en infinitives –ing infinitives Bare infinitives To infinitives.
18. Clauses are (choose incorrect) A grammatical means of encoding patterns of experience Conceptualized as a situation type The most significant grammatical unit correlations between patterns of experience and units.
19. In the sentence “our team is winning the race” we see..... An unactualized participant A relational process of being A trivalent situation.
20. Which is NOT an agency of Force: Animacy Intention Responsibility Use of one ́s own energy Physical force.
21. The key participant in ergatives pairs: Are called effected Subject and Effected Object Is called a Medium Are called Subject and Affected.
22. Doubt, guess and remember are verbs of: Cognition Desideration Perception.
23. With stative verbs the Attribute is seen as existing at the same time as the process and is called a/an: Resulting Attribute Reversible Attribute Actual Attribute Current Attribute.
24. Which of the following is NOT a Circumstance: Contingency Matter Role Range Instrument.
25. Subject compliments are used in: Material processes Relational processes Verbal processes.
26. Which of the following statements is NOT true about nominalizations: They distance us from the event They lower the level of abstraction They are more flexible than verbs They usually take away the human element.
27. If we see “the doorbell is ringing” as a directive we understand An indirect speech act A direct speech act An illocutionary force of a statement.
28. In the sentence “Oh, so you are new here, are you?”, we can see (choose false): Constant polarity A tag that is co referential with the subject Opposite polarity.
29. “What a shock” the WHAT is a/an: Determiner Pronominal Manner adverb.
30. The subjunctive is English (choose incorrect) Is a clause type Is a verb form In the past we can see the use of “were”.
31. The speech act force has to be worked out by the addressee taking into account: The meaning of the sentence Inference based on context Inference based on the speaker-hearer relationship If the declaratives are modalised or not.
32. What is NOT true about Illocutionary Scenarios: They help us to distinguish between different degrees of politeness They organize structures of our generic knowledge They are stereotyped in our minds based on cultural experiences They use modal tags to change the tone of the directive.
33. Which is NOT an element of the empathy Hierarchy: Physical object Abstract entity pet Hearer.
34. A double detached Theme is: An absolute and a left dislocation theme together Used to acknowledge transitions from one speaker to another A right and a left dislocation together.
35. Choose the false statement: In ellipsis there is a structural empty slot Textual ellipsis occurs when two consecutive clauses have elements in common To hire/to let: are ellipted utterances Substitutions avoid repetition of recoverable information and uses filler words.
36. When the same Theme is maintained across various coordinated clauses it ́s called: Simple linear progression Continuous progression Derived themes Split theme.
37. What is the difference between it and wh clefts: It clefts suggest contrasts while wh clefts suggest exclusiveness It clefts are always reversible while wh clefts are not Wh clefts mark contrastive focus.
38. Which of the following DOES NOT move information to the front of the clause: Topicalization Extraposition Clefting Thematization.
39. _______________ have a corresponding plain clause based on a weightier verb than BE: Derived existentials Basic existentials Short existentials.
40. Which of the following clauses can NOT be extraposed: Finite that clauses To infinite clauses Wh-nominal clauses –ing clauses.
1. What is “to forget your keys” in “It’s easy to forget your keys”? An adjectival complement and an extraposed subject A subject complement and an attribute A nominal relative clause and a non finite complement.
2 . Which of the following tests s NOT used to identify a direct object? Pronominalisation. Promotion to subject in a passive structure Prototypification.
3. The following test does NOT help distinguish between a phrasal verb and a prepositional verb Looking at the position of a pronoun object with respect to the verb and the particle/preposition Checking whether the stress falls on the verb or on the particle/preposition Testing whether a complement can be placed between the verb and the particle/preposition.
4. What type of subject complements are AdjGs? Attributive. Identifying. Existential.
5. According to Systemic Functional Grammar, what kind of a unit is a whole piece of discourse? mainly grammatical mainly pragmatic--‐semantic mainly extra--‐linguistic.
6. In which major way circumstantial complements different from subject complements? The type of info they provide The former co--‐occur with predicative and verbs and the latter with copular verbs The former represent a new participant in the clause and the latter do not.
7. Which of the following statements about object complements is true? The OC adds information about the referent of a DO in the form of an attribute The OC refers to a different participant from that of the DO The OC may occur both in ditransitive clausal structures and in copular ones after the subject complement.
8. Which of the following features is NOT included in the notion of agency? Animacy. Responsibility. Effect.
9. What type of element can be found in intransitive constructions? Locative complements Subject complements Object complements.
10. What is NOT useful to conclude that an element such as “the meal” in “She thanked me for the meal” is a PO?* It can be made subject in a passive clause. It encodes a participant that can be questioned by who/what. It can occur in a wh-cleft.
11. Which of the following three elements cannot control clausal complements?* Noun Adjective Determiner.
12. What interpretation is NOT possible in a sentence with an implied object?* There is valency reduction. The verb may be transitive or intransitive, according to the context. This aspect is to be considered on cultural or pragmatic schemas.
13. Which of the following is NOT a difference between a Recipient and a Beneficiary?* A Recipient is a central participant and a Beneficiary is optional Inanimate Recipients are more common that inanimate Beneficiaries Recipients are realised by indirect objects and Beneficiaries by prepositional objects.
14. What type of meaning is described by the circumstantial element “Despite the current climate” in “Despite the current climate, we’ll go there for our holidays this year”?* Concession Behalf Matter.
15. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for direct object identification in a sentence like “An audience never interrupts a good actress”?* Its position in relation to the verb in an active structure Its potential realisation via an objective pronoun Its concordance with the verb.
16. Which of the following is NOT a way of negating a clause? Using a finite operator with the particle ‘not’. Using the particle “not” with a non-finite verb in a dependent clause. Using a non-verbal negative word. Using an assertive verb in combination with a non-assertive determiner.
17. Which of the following is NOT a possible test for subject identification? Sentence position Concordance with the verb Question tagging Nominalization.
18. What is the semantic difference between “She wrote a letter to her brother” and “She wrote a letter for her brother” In the first sentence, “her brother” is the addressee of the letter and in the second one “she” writes the letter on his behalf. Both sentences are synonymous. In the first sentence, “her brother” is the beneficiary and in the second one, the intended recipient In the first sentence, “her brother” actually receives the letter and in the second one, it is left open whether he receives it or not.
19. What does Systemic Functional Grammar NOT claim? That sentence realization reveals the speaker’s communicative intents. That syntax, semantics and discourse context are completely independent levels of analysis. That syntax, semantics and discourse context are closely related. That linguistic classification is a continuum with prototypical and non--‐ prototypical cases.
20. Which of the following is a possible test for Recipient identification? Recursive embedding. Complementation. The preposition in a prepositional paraphrase. The type of transitivity of the object pattern.
21. What is the semantic difference between “We read the text to him” and “We read the text for him”? In the first sentence, he listens to our reading of the text and in the second one, he ignores it. Both sentences are synonymous. In the first sentence, it is specified that he had asked us to do reading. In the second sentence, it is specified that we did the reading on his behalf, probably because he had difficulties to do it himself.
22. What is the difference between an independent and a dependent clause? A dependent clause. A subordinate clause. A non-finite clause.
23. What’s NOT a difference between: “Did nothing change after the row?” and “Didn’t anything change after the row?”?* The former is more adequate to writing and formal spoken language. The former is more natural. The former is generally more emphatic.
24. Which of the following options contains a difference between phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs?* The particle in phrasal verbs is unstressed. The object pronoun cannot appear after the particle. A phrasal verb admits an adverb between the verb and the particle.
25. What do “just / possibly /often” have in common?* They are operator-related adjuncts. They are supplementive adjuncts.
26. Which of the following sentences does NOT contain a nominal relative clause?* You can do what you like. She taught me how to swim. They said that it was too late.
27. Which of the following is NOT a difference between a Recipient and a Beneficiary?* A Recipient is a central participant and a Beneficiary is optional Inanimate Recipients are more common that inanimate Beneficiaries Recipients are realised by indirect objects and Beneficiaries by prepositional objects.
28. Which of the following syntactic roles/functions can be played by the interrogative wh-word “whom”? direct object subject object complement.
29. What is NOT an analysis of the sentence “Isabel had her face lifted”?* Agent + process + affected + resulting attribute Agent + auxiliary (finite operator) + object + main verb.
30. Which of the following tests do NOT provide useful information about the dependency of the preposition with respect to a prepositional verb?:* Fronting the object. Putting the object as the focus of a cleft. Inserting an adverb in the clause. Asking for the object in a yes/no question.
31. Which of the following is NOT a factor to be taken into account in the transitivity hypothesis?:* the number of participants affirmation agency interrogation.
32.. What is the typical realization of a PP modifier? Adjective Noun Adverb Preposition.
33. What is “towards Toledo” in “I rode a horse all night towards Toledo”? A prepositional complement An adjunct A locative complement A goal complement.
34.. Which of the following is a non-prototypical realization of the subject function? A nominal group An adjectival group A prepositional phrase A clause.
35. Which of the following statements is true? A pronoun follows a preposition of a prepositional verb. A pronoun follows the particle of phrase verb. A particle in phrasal verbs is unstressed. A preposition of a prepositional verb is stressed.
36. Which of the following statements is FALSE? In idiomatic phrasal verbs the particle is usually analyzed as part of the verb. In free combinations in which the adverb particle is directional, the particle is analyzed as Complement. With non-directional meanings, the adverbial particle is inseparable from the verb. With non-directional meanings, the adverbial particle can be fronted.
37. What is NOT a name for the clause in which a subordinate clause is embedded? Matrix clause Main clause Complex clause Superordinate clause.
38. What is the effect of nominalisation?: The text becomes less narrative and more descriptive. There is an abundance of nouns, which makes the text less dynamic and more static. It raises the representation of a situation to a higher level of abstraction, It raises the register of the text and its level of literariness.
39. What happens in grammatical metaphors?: the expected semantic functions in a state of affairs are transferred in relation to the syntactic functions. words are given unexpected attributes that do not correspond to the canonical state of affairs. there is a pragmatic change in the conceptualization of the state of affairs. The syntactic event is “perspectivised” in an imaginary way.
40. Which of the following is NOT a highly common circumstantial element in English?: contingency degree matter mode.
41. Which is NOT a type of relation that an Attribute can have with the other participant?: Attributive. Locative. Circumstantial. Possessive.
42. Where is there an example of nominalization?: It was to the station that we walked last Tuesday. We walked all the way to the station last Tuesday. Our walk last Tuesday took us to the station. What we did last Tuesday was walk to the station.
43.Which of the following is NOT a factor to be taken into account in the transitivity hypothesis?: the number of participants affirmation agency interrogation.
44. Which of the following semantic roles is least associated with a direct object?: Instrument Phenomenon Affected Experiencer.
45. Which of the following realizations of the direct object is not possible?: Prepositional Phrase Finite Clause Adjectival group Non‐finite clause.
46. Which of the following is not a main type of prepositional verb?: The verb and the preposition work as a lexical unit, and the resulting meaning is different from that of each word. The verb is not used without the specific preposition. The verb can be used on its own or with the preposition. The verb can be used with the same preposition to fulfill different syntactic roles.
47. What is the difference between a dislocation and an absolute theme?: The dislocated element is a constituent of the clause. The dislocated element appears on the right or left of the central subject. Absolute themes occur only in spontaneous speech. Absolute themes do not occur in formal writing.
48. What types of element do you leave out in conversation and writing that imitates speech?: Stressed pronouns and determiners. Key non‐functional items and lexical words. Non‐recoverable material. Elements which are recoverable from the interactional context.
49. Which of the following is NOT a basic type of thematic progression?: Simple linear Complex linear Continuous Derived.
50. What is necessary for textual ellipsis to occur?: Common processes. Common function words. Common informational patterns. Elements in common.
51. How do we take one or other participant as Subject and Theme/Topic?: The active‐passive voice alternative. The unmarked declarative‐clefting alternative. The extraposition‐postponement alternative. The end‐focus/end‐weight alternative.
52. What types of verb require locative elements?* Transitive verbs. Copular verbs. Intransitive verbs. All of the above.
53. Which of the following statements is FALSE?* In idiomatic phrasal verbs the particle is usually analyzed as part of the verb. In free combinations in which the adverb particle is directional, the particle is analyzed as Complement. With non-directional meanings, the adverbial particle is inseparable from the verb. With non-directional meanings, the adverbial particle can be fronted.
54. Which of the following statements is NOT true? * It is more accurate to talk of transitive and intransitive uses of verbs than of transitive and intransitive verbs. A locative is a type of circumstantial adjunct. Subject complements are required by copular verbs. The more subsidiary an element, the more movable it is in the clause.
55. Which of the following statements is NOT true?* Phrasal-prepositional verbs function like prepositional verbs in that they both take a prepositional object. There is a parallelism between intransitive phrasal verbs and single verbs of movement followed by a directional complement in that the former can be analyzed as the elliptic version of the latter. There are three tests that can be performed to establish the difference between a prepositional verb and a transitive phrasal verb: position, stress, and adverb insertion. It is hard with transitive phrasal verbs to choose whether to emphasize the noun or the particle.
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