History of European Integration

. The embryo (original cell) of the EU is to be found in. The European Coal and Steel Community (1952). The Council of Europe (1949). The Treaty of Dunkirk (1947).

Which country was never a member of EFTA (European Free Trade Association, created in 1960)?. The United Kingdom. Austria. Spain.

The European Economic Area (EEA) associates the members of. The EU and EFTA. The EU and the Council of Europe. The EU and NATO.

In the 1960s, the major hurdle to Britain’s entry into the EEC was. Britain’s “special relationship” with the US. The attitude of French president General de Gaulle. The threat of a nuclear war.

The first common policy of the European Economic Community (EEC) was in. Nuclear energy. Education and culture. Agriculture.

The European Defence Community (EDC), put forward by France in 1954 was meant to. Prevent another war in Europe. Offer an alternative to Germany’s admission into NATO. Subject European armies to French command.

The “relaunch” of European integration at Messina (Italy) in 1955 occurred right after. The failure of the EDC. The nationalisation of the Suez canal. The Bandung “non-alignment” conference.

Since 1979 elections to the European parliament take place. every four years. every five years. every ten years.

The “European Council” is a meeting of. the permanent representatives. the foreign ministers. the heads of government of member countries.

Which powerful argument pushed in favour of the admission of Greece, Spain and Portugal in the 1980s?. To stabilize and fortify their newly recovered democratic institutions. To stop streams of migrants from Africa coming into the “heart” of the EEC. To offset Communist influence in these countries.

Where is the main headquarters of the European Commission located?. The Paul-Henri Spaak building (Strasbourg). The Berlaymont building (Brussels). The Court of Justice (Luxembourg).

The diffusion of Indo-European languages is historically associated with which culture?. The Magyar Culture. The Yamnaya Culture. The Saracen Culture.

Excluding Russia, approximately how much did the European sedentary population grow between the 11th and 19th centuries?. From 32 to 150 million. From 10 to 50 million. From 150 to 300 million.

The incursions of the Magyars (Hungarians) of the 10th Century are classified as which type of invasion?. One of the last successful invasions (“stumbling blocks”). The first major invasion of the first millennium. A purely local conflict.

Where did the Magyars eventually settle?. Sicily. Normandy. Pannonia (present-day Hungary).

What was the “Kyiv Rus’,” the cradle of the Russian state, established by a Viking tribe in the 11th century?. A cathedral modeled on one found in Normandy. A reflection of the diversity of family types. The cradle of the Russian state.

Who was Tancred of Hauteville?. The founder of the Latin Monetary Union. A third-generation Norman (Norseman) who fathered 12 sons. A chairman of the ECSC High Authority.

How were the railways described by Pollard (1970) regarding the alteration of the earth's surface?. A temporary solution before air travel. The single most substantial alteration of the earth’s surface undertaken by man up to that time. A financial failure that led to WWI.

By what year was the trunk (major lines) network of railways mostly completed in Europe?. 1850. 1870. 1900.

Which two countries did not adopt the same railway track gauge as the rest of continental Europe?. France and Germany. Spain and Russia. Great Britain and France.

What did the Latin Monetary Union initially require its central banks to do?. Adopt a common paper currency. Mint gold coins of the same weight, gold content, and face value. Stop trading with Great Britain.

What key outcome was generated by the Cobden-Chevalier Treaty of 1860?. The unification of Germany. A pan-European network of bilateral treaties that liberalized trade. The establishment of the Gold Standard.

What specific goal did the ECSC (Coal and Steel Community) have, which Monnet conceived?. To increase iron and steel production by 100%. To reserve the European market for U.S. producers. To make future military conflict between France and Germany “materially impossible”.

When did the Treaty of Paris establishing the ECSC enter into force?. May 1950. April 1951. July 1952.

What crucial milestone did the ECSC represent for European integration?. Europe’s first experience of supranationalism. The first introduction of the principle of subsidiarity. The creation of a common foreign and security policy.

What currently defines EFTA, according to the sources?. It includes only Germany, Italy, and France. It includes only Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. It functions as a full customs union and common market.

When did Charles de Gaulle finally resign, removing the French veto on the UK’s accession process?. 1963. 1966. 1969.

Which of the following was a goal of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)?. Limit imports from the United States. Guarantee fair living standards for farmers. Reduce all external tariffs.

The term “Stagflation” refers to the combination of: Stagnation (low growth) combined with inflation (unstoppable price increases). Common intervention and financial solidarity. Full employment and high debt levels.

What did the “snake” represent in the "Snake in the tunnel" monetary scheme?. The margin of fluctuation for exchange-rate variations (±2.25%). The guaranteed price limit for agricultural goods. The maximum debt level allowed for CE9 members.

Who was Henry Kissinger?. The first chairman of the ECSC High Authority. The mastermind behind U.S. foreign policy after 1970. The chief architect of the European Monetary Mechanism.

What is the meaning of the phrase "No turning back" in EU context?. The commitment to German reunification. The entire body of legislation and regulation enacted by the European Union since its creation. The impossibility of a country leaving the EU.

Walter Hallstein, who had to contend with De Gaulle’s opposition, was described as a “true believer” in: Intergovernmental decision-making. Federalism—the feasibility of a “United States of Europe”. The supremacy of national governments.

The period between 1985 and 1995, when Jacques Delors served as President of the European Commission, is known as the: The Schuman Moment. The Delors Moment. The Messina Relaunch.

The fundamental milestone that introduced the concept of the European Union (EU) and the “Three Pillars” framework was: The Treaty of Rome (1957). The Treaty of Maastricht (1992). The Treaty of Paris (1951).

What is the definition of the principle of subsidiarity?. Decisions should be taken at the lowest competent level. National governments retain final authority in all matters. The European Council must approve all new legislation.

The Schengen Treaty (June 1985) was primarily a requirement for: Financial stability in the Eurozone. The establishment of the “Three Pillars”. Security cooperation and freedom of movement.

The collapse of the USSR occurred in: October 3, 1990. December 26, 1991. January 1, 1993.

Which city hosts the European Court of Justice?. Brussels (Berlaymont building). The Hague (EUROPOL). Luxembourg (Kirchberg).

How does the concept of "Europe of the states" (confederation) seek to preserve national sovereignty?. By granting common institutions final authority. Through consensus (veto) and viewing the EU as an alliance. By following the principle of supranationalism.