Human Performance #3

Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory?. It can store 10 (±5) items for 30 to 60 seconds. It can store 7 (±2) items for 10 to 20 seconds. It can store 3 (±1) items for 5 to 10 seconds. It can store 5 (±2) items for 1 to 2 minutes.

For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information?. 35 to 50 seconds. 30 to 40 seconds. 3 to 7 seconds. 10 to 20 seconds.

What is a latent error?. An error which is made by the pilot actively and consciously. An error which only has consequences after landing. An error which remains undetected in the system for a long time. An error which has an immediate effect on the controls.

What does the term "confirmation bias" mean?. The feedback loop in a closed communication. The preference to find arguments to proof the own mental model. The bias to confirm each radio call. The critical check of ambiguous situations in flight.

The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called... constant flight check. situational thinking. anticipatory check procedure. situational awareness.

Regarding the communication model, how can the use of the same code during radio communication be ensured?. By the use of radio phraseology. By using radios certified for aviation use only. By the use of proper headsets. By a particular frequency allocation.

In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately?. Extrude, avoid, palliate, transfer. Ignore, accept, transfer, extrude. Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept. Avoid, ignore, palliate, reduce.

Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks?. If there is not enough information available. During check flights due to a high level of nervousness. During flight planning when excellent weather is forecast. Due to group-dynamic effects.

What is the meaning of "risky shift"?. Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final. The tendency to accept higher risks in groups. Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope. Seat adjustment in flight.

Which dangerous attitudes are often combined?. Macho and invulnerability. Impulsivity and carefulness. Invulnerability and self-abandonment. Self-abandonment and macho.

What is an indication for a macho attitude?. Careful walkaround procedure. Comprehensive risk assessment when faced with unfamiliar situations. Risky flight maneuvers to impress spectators on ground. Quick resignation in complex and critical situations.

Which factor can lead to human error?. Double check of relevant actions. Proper use of checklists. To be doubtful if something looks unclear or ambiguous. The bias to see what we expect to see.

What is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot?. Introverted - unstable. Introverted - stable. Extroverted - unstable. Extroverted - stable.

Complacency is a risk due to... the high number of mistakes normally made by humans. increased cockpit automation. the high error rate of technical systems. better training options for young pilots.

At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? P = Perfromance A = Arousal / Stress. Point D. Point B. Point C. Point A.

The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? P = Performance A = Arousal / Stress. Point A. Point D. Point C. Point B.

Which of the following qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory. 2, 4. 1. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1, 2, 3.

Which answer is correct concerning stress?. Stress can occur if there seems to be no solution for a given problem. Training and experience have no influence on the occurence of stress. Stress and its different symptoms are irrelevant for flight safety. Everybody reacts to stress in the same manner.