One of the consequences of the crisis was a population decline because crops were lost due to bad weather conditions. True False.
During the 14th century, all the European countries suffered a deep crisis due to three huge calamities: wars, the ... and famine. Plague Navas of Tolosa Battle Lepanto Battle Crusades.
The longest and most devastating war in Europe was the so-called Hundred Years, War (1337-1453), in which ... and England fought against each other. Portugal France Spain Russia.
Plague epidemics were frequent during this time. The most important one, called the ..., occurred between 1348 and 1352 and particularly affected the cities. Black Disease Gray Illness Bad Death Black Death.
Several successive years of heavy rainfall flooded the crop fields, which led to seeds blooming and growth of harvest. True False.
Recovery from the crisis began in the . The kings prevailed over the feudal lords; the population began to grow and agriculture and the crafts were recovered. 14th century 15th century 13th century 16th century.
The Hundred Years, War (1337-1453) broke out because of dynastic problems in France as Charles IV died leaving no descendants. There were three possible candidates to the throne, including the King of England. During the dispute, both countries fought for control of the vast territories the English monarchy had in France True False.
The plague probably originated in the steppes of Eastern ... towards the west as a result of the siege of the Genoese colony of Kaffa in Crimea, where the Mongol armies dumped their infected corpses. From here, the plague spread throughout Europe by means of commercial vessels, causing around 25 million deaths in very few years. Oceania Asia Africa America.
In the 14th century, the Christian territories of the Peninsula were divided into four Kingdoms: Castilla, Aragón, ... and Portugal. The crisis deepened the various conflicts in all of them but Castilla and the Kingdom of Aragón continued their territorial expansion. Navarra Granada Toledo Sevilla.
In the Kingdom of Aragón, the need for money forced the kings to make concessions to the nobility and the Courts. They accepted the creation of the General Council or ... (1364-1365), that monitored compliance with the agreements of the Courts. Generalitat Justicia de Aragón Great Court Chancillería.
In Aragón, in 1412, after the elimination of the ruling dynasty, and thanks to the Commitment of Caspe, Fernando de Antequera, of the ... dynasty, was elected King. Tudor Habsburg Bourbon Trastámara.
Castilla began its Atlantic expansion. It gained control of the Straits of Gibraltar after the Battle of ... and conquered Tarifa (1340), Algeciras (1344) and Gibraltar (1462). Salado Alarcos Aljubarrota Navas de Tolosa.
Castilla began the conquest of the ... Islands in 1402 with the conquest of Lanzarote and followed by Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro islands. Azores Balearic Canary Philippines.
Castilla began the conquest of the Canary Islands in 1402 with the conquest of Lanzarote and followed by Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro islands. Finally, it ended in ... 1492 1469 1493 1496.
The Kingdom of Aragón continued its Mediterranean expansion by taking the duchies of Athens (1311) and Neopatria (1319), Sardinia (1323) and the south of Italy, where ... founded the Kingdom of Naples (1443). Alfonso V Alfonso X the Wise Pedro The Cruel Ramón de Berenguer.
... tried to strengthen the power of the king. Thus, he granted himself the exclusive right to legislate, and enacted the Ordenamiento de Alcalá in 1348, a collection of laws that were to be applied throughout the kingdom and replace the dispersion of existing laws at the time. Jaime I Juan II Alfonso XI Fernando de Antequera.
Some of the kings of Aragón, such as Pedro IV or ... (1380-1416), first monarch of the Trastámara dynasty, tried to strengthen the power of the king. Fernando de Antequera Pedro IV The Ceremonious Fernando II Juan I.
In the 14th century, rural areas were depopulated and agricultural production rose due to adverse climatic conditions, continuous civil wars and plague epidemics. True False.
In the 15th century, cereal production recovered and cash crops, such as olives and grapevines in Castilla, and garden crops and dye plants in Aragón, were developed. True False.
Foreign trade was the activity least affected by the crisis of the 14thcentury and was highly dynamic during the 15th century. True False.
The trade activity brought on the creation of public credit institutions such as the Taula de Canvis of ..., founded in 1401 and the Taula de Canvis of Valencia, founded in 1408. Barcelona Madrid Murcia Granada.
The the ... supported the authoritarian rule of the kings and retained their economic power. nobility clergy third estate bourgeoisie.
The decrease in production caused by the crisis reduced the income of the lords. They tried to compensate their losses by making higher demands on the ...and re-establishing long forgotten rights (feudal abuses) causing revolts peasantry nobility clergy bourgeoisie.
On the Peninsula, the most important uprisings were those of the Irmandiños in Galicia (1431), those of the Catalan peasants called Payeses de Remensa (1462) and the Mallorca uprisings (1450). True False.
Peace grew in cities between the commoners, whose life was difficult, and the urban oligarchy or aristocracy who monopolised power and wealth, and who controlled urban government. True False.
On the Peninsula, the citizen revolts were staged by impoverished craftsmen, who fought in Castilla against the caballeros villanos and in ... against the wealthy merchants (1463). Valencia Seville Catalonia Navarra.
In the mid-15th century, during The Irmandiño Revolts in ..., some 80 000 peasants, grouped into brotherhoods, rebelled against the lords to the cry of: Down with the strongholds! Galicia Barcelona Navarra Valencia.
Who were blamed for the Black Death? The Muslims The Jews The Christians The Protestants.
Peninsular Jews were organised into communities or ..., which had their rabbis or religious authorities, their own judges and courts, and their own tax collectors to meet their needs. aljamas synagogue mosques medinas.
Jews used to work for the courts, as ... collectors and treasurers. They also carried out diplomatic missions thanks to their knowledge of Arabic, and practised medicine and pharmacy. crop tax livestock wool.
From the second quarter of the 12th century, an art and architecture developed in Northern .... It was a new style which quickly spread to the rest of Europe, where it survived until the 15th century. This artistic style was called Gothic. Spain France Italy England.
Gothic was an urban style which reflected the splendour attained by the ... and the cities, who did not hesitate to finance expensive buildings, decorating them with sculptures, paintings and stained-glass windows. monarchy nobility peasantry bourgeoisie .
Gothic architecture, made of wood, is characterised by the combination of three building elements: the pointed or ogival arch, the ribbed vault and flying buttresses. True False.
In Gothic style, he most important religious building was the ..., which became a symbol of a city's power. They would vie with each other to make bigger and higher one cathedral castle town hall Justice palace.
The Gothic cathedral usually has a Latin cross or cruciform plan, with three or five naves, a transept, a sanctuary with an ambulatory and numerous chapels. True False.
Similar to Romanesque art, Gothic sculpture and painting showed a certain interest in beauty, movement and the expression of dramatic feelings or affection. True False.
Stained glass windows fulfilled a triple function: they protected from the cold, they created bright coloured light and a spiritual space inside the cathedral, and symbolised ... monarchs' power realistic light divine light Popes' power.
Gothic painting became more natural. Colours were enhanced through light giving more volume to the figures; a sense of depth was increased through the background of landscapes and the figures were more realistic. True False.
Which artistic element refers number on the picture to? rose window flying buttress ponted arch pinnacle.
The most prominent examples of Gothic architecture are found in France (Notre Dame in Paris, Chartres, Rheims and Laon), the United Kingdom (Salisbury), Germany (Cologne) and Spain (León). All of them are... palaces castles monasteries cathedrals.
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