lezione 15

What is one of the main aspects in the assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury and disorders of consciousness? (15). a) Diagnosing the level of residual consciousness. b) Assessing only motor responsiveness. c) Measuring sensitivity to auditory stimuli. d) Monitoring emotional response.

What is the main contribution of modern neuropsychology in the evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury? (15). a) Measuring cognitive performance within the Glasgow Coma Scale. b) Providing an accurate assessment of the level of awareness and planning treatment. c) Collecting a detailed family history. d) Replacing neuroimaging techniques with behavioral tests.

What is the importance of functional MRI in patients in an apparent vegetative state? (15). a) Documenting brainstem integrity. b) Detecting brain activity even in the absence of motor or linguistic responses. c) Analyzing interoception. d) Monitoring electrical brain activity.

Which activity may be required for a top-down stimulation paradigm? (15). a) Imagining playing tennis. b) Sleeping in a quiet environment. c) Listening to random sounds. d) Watching repetitive images.

Which condition characterizes “locked-in syndrome”? (15). a) Involuntary eye movements. b) Complete absence of brain activity. c) Limited but conscious motor response. d) Awareness without any physical response capability.

What is the goal of bottom-up stimulation paradigms? (15). a) Measuring verbal response. b) Stimulating conscious motor response. c) Requiring active engagement from the patient. d) Activating the neurosensory system without the need for active patient involvement.

Which is one of the techniques used to assess emotional responses in non-responsive patients? (15). a) Rorschach test. b) Computed tomography. c) Verbal fluency test. d) Psychogalvanic response.

What does a very low level of cerebral glucose metabolism detected through PET indicate? (15). a) Reduced cognitive reserve. b) Low neuronal activity. c) Always and necessarily a state of coma. d) Always and necessarily a vegetative state.

Which parameter is not measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale? (15). a) Conscious cortical activity in non-responsive patients. b) Motor response. c) Verbal response. d) Eye opening.

Which factor may indicate a better prognosis in patients with disorders of consciousness? (15). a) Activation of language or motor regions during imagery tasks. b) Absence of brain response to unstructured stimuli. c) Reduced connectivity in the Default Mode Network. d) Lack of galvanic responses.

Which signal is analyzed using fMRI to detect brain activity? (15). a) BOLD signal. b) Galvanic response. c) Electromyographic activity. d) EEG signal.

In which brain network is activity related to self-awareness observed? (15). a) Associative visual network. b) Premotor network. c) Dorsolateral prefrontal system. d) Default Mode Network (DMN).

Which part of the brain is particularly relevant in the Default Mode Network when evaluating patients with altered consciousness? (15). a) Precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. b) Broca’s area. c) Amygdala. d) Primary motor cortex.

Which neuroimaging technique is useful for monitoring active brain areas in patients with disorders of consciousness? (15). a) Computed tomography (CT). b) EEG. c) fMRI. d) Electromyography.

Which type of task is used to measure active cognition without a motor response? (15). a) Delayed response to visual stimuli. b) Measurement of pupillary reaction. c) Mental verbal fluency. d) Romberg test.