lezione 2

The cases described by Broca or Wernicke separately represent… (2). a) strong anatomical–behavioral double dissociations. b) simple anatomical–behavioral associations. c) weak anatomical–behavioral double dissociations. d) none of the answers is correct.

What is the relationship between cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology? (2). a) neuropsychology is a branch of cognitive neuroscience. b) cognitive neuroscience is a branch of neuropsychology. c) they are two totally independent disciplines. d) neuropsychology is the daughter of cognitive neuroscience.

In what years did the term “neuropsychology” begin to be used? (2). a) since the 2000s worldwide. b) in the second half of the 20th century in the USA. c) in the first half of the 20th century in the USA. d) in the second half of the 20th century in Europe.

Which recent neuroimaging evidence would be consistent with the logic of phrenology, methodology aside? (2). a) the particular hippocampal trophism in expert taxi drivers. b) the reduction of callosal white matter in schizophrenic patients. c) the particular frontal trophism in math geniuses. d) the reduced hippocampal trophism in expert taxi drivers.

In what years was cognitive neuropsychology born? (2). a) 1980s. b) post–World War II. c) since the 2000s. d) late 1960s – early 1970s.

What is meant by the term “diagram-maker”? (2). a) a neuropsychologist who identifies cognitive models without anatomical references. b) a physiologist who traces anatomical pathways. c) a physiologist who identifies cognitive functions based on behavioral data. d) a neuropsychologist who identifies brain areas, functions, and their connections.

Who first described a case of aphasia in modern times? (2). a) Bouilloud. b) Broca. c) Vico. d) Wernicke.

The case described by Wernicke had preserved… (2). a) spontaneous language. b) articulation. c) comprehension. d) repetition.

Who was the first to hold a chair in neuropsychology? (2). a) Henry Hecaen. b) Donald Hebb. c) Karl Lashley. d) Heinrich Klüver.

What period is referred to as classical neuropsychology? (2). a) 1861–1920. b) 1945–1970. c) 1920–1940. d) 1970–present.

On what experimental material did Flourens work, with what technique, and which discipline did he aim to falsify? (2). a) pigeons; lesion method; phrenology. b) monkeys; lesion method; phrenology. c) pigeons; electrophysiological method; personality neuropsychology. d) monkeys; neurophysiological method; neuropsychology.

Which of the following “mental traits” postulated by phrenology are NOT included in cognitive neuropsychology? (2). a) short-term memory. b) moral qualities. c) attention. d) working memory.

Which philosopher first described a case compatible with cortical blindness with anosognosia? (2). a) Seneca. b) Lucretius. c) Descartes. d) Vico.

Broca’s investigative method was based on… (2). a) all answers are correct. b) description of behavioral anomalies. c) description of post-mortem brain lesions. d) anatomical–behavioral correlations.

Which of the following is NOT a psychological phenomenon considered by phrenologists? (2). a) attachment. b) sense of numerical relations. c) pride. d) priming phenomenon.

What kind of information can be inferred from endocranial casts of the human skull or hominids? (2). a) relative development of cortical macrostructures. b) ontogenesis of cortical regions in Homo sapiens. c) localization of cognitive functions in pre–Homo sapiens hominids. d) the prehistoric mind–brain relationship.

Why is Henry Hecaen rightly famous? (2). a) for founding the journal "Neuropsychologia". b) for contributing to the founding of the International Neuropsychological Symposium. c) all answers are correct. d) studies on left-handedness and cerebral dominance.

Which faculties are typically mapped in the phrenological approach? (2). a) psychological functions of developmental age. b) cognitive ones. c) meta-cognitive ones. d) moral, character-related, and functional ones (e.g., calculation).

In which field of study is the anatomical approach based on cranial morphology still relevant? (2). a) paleoneurology, the science studying Homo sapiens of the Middle Ages. b) none of the answers is correct. c) paleoneurology, the science studying the peripheral nervous system of hominids. d) paleoneurology, the science studying the central nervous system of hominids and of Homo sapiens sapiens prior to the 1900s.

Who founded the journal "Cortex"? (2). a) Mortimer Mishkin. b) Henry Hecaen. c) Ennio De Renzi. d) Donald Hebb.