lezione 3

In his studies on aphasia, Freud… (3). a) is not particularly interested in the neural bases of linguistic processes. b) overturns the functional associations of Lichtheim’s model. c) none of the answers is correct. d) criticizes the existence of Broca’s area.

What is the main limitation of the anatomical investigations of classical neuropsychology? (3). a) the possible temporal distance between the pathological event and the anatomical verification. b) the autoptic (post-mortem) nature of the investigation. c) the inevitably limited number of observations that can be performed. d) all answers are correct.

Classical neuropsychology was based on the description of… (3). a) none of the answers is correct. b) single cases with functional syndromes. c) single cases with anatomo-functional syndromes. d) single cases with anatomical syndromes.

What do Lashley and Flourens have in common? (3). a) a specific criticism of Lichtheim’s model. b) the neo-phrenological approach. c) the rejection of cortical area specialization. d) the classical associationist approach.

Pierre Marie was a strong critic of… (3). a) the Wernicke–Lichtheim model of aphasias. b) Liepmann’s model of apraxia. c) Freud’s model of amnesia. d) Broca’s model of aphasia.

Why are anatomical syndromes called weak? (3). a) none of the answers is correct. b) because the combination of symptoms can be explained by unitary functional mechanisms. c) because the combination of symptoms cannot be explained by unitary functional mechanisms. d) because the combination of symptoms is explained by a specific pathology.

Aphasia, apraxia, neglect, Gerstmann’s syndrome represent… (3). a) functional syndromes and therefore strong syndromes. b) anatomical syndromes and therefore strong syndromes. c) anatomical syndromes and therefore weak syndromes. d) functional syndromes and therefore weak syndromes.

Which syndrome did Hugo Liepmann describe? (3). a) apraxia. b) amnesia. c) unilateral spatial neglect. d) aphasia.

Which aspect of Wernicke’s model had not yet been demonstrated at the time he wrote? (3). a) the existence of conduction aphasia. b) the consequences of lesions of the connection bundle between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area. c) the existence of a connection bundle between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area. d) all answers are correct.

Italian neuropsychology up to 1920… (3). a) was dominated by physiologist-anatomists. b) was essentially non-existent in its work on human subjects. c) all answers are correct. d) was based on studies of experimental lesions in animals.

Classical neuropsychology typically relied on the description of… (3). a) psychometric tests. b) large groups of patients. c) anatomical syndromes. d) functional syndromes.

Who can be considered the first “diagram maker”? (3). a) Wernicke. b) Lichtheim. c) Liepmann. d) Broca.

The Lichtheim model of aphasia differs from Wernicke’s in that it postulated… (3). a) the arcuate fasciculus. b) an afferent auditory pathway. c) a distributed “concept center”. d) an efferent motor pathway.

Leonardo Bianchi… (3). a) carried out fundamental research on the parietal lobes of the macaque. b) carried out fundamental research on the parietal lobes of the rat. c) carried out fundamental research on the frontal lobes of the macaque. d) carried out fundamental research on the frontal lobes of the rat.

Von Monakow is famous for having proposed the concept of… (3). a) diaschisis, functional impairment of brain regions directly affected by anatomical damage. b) paraschisis, functional impairment of brain regions directly affected by anatomical damage. c) none of the answers is correct. d) diaschisis, functional impairment of brain regions not directly affected by anatomical damage.