lezione 4

What do the neuropsychologists De Renzi, Vignolo, Spinnler, Bisiach have in common? (4). a) all answers are correct. b) having initially studied “weak” neuropsychological syndromes. c) having begun their studies in the 1960s. d) belonging to the so-called Milan School.

Which criterion for grouping patients is NOT valid for a group neuropsychological inference? (4). a) the side of the brain lesion. b) personality traits. c) the presence of “strong” neurological signs (hemiplegia, hemianopia). d) the presence/absence of a certain neuropsychological symptom.

When was cognitive neuropsychology born? (4). a) at the end of the 1960s with Shallice’s observations on amnesia. b) at the end of the 1960s with Marshall and Newcombe’s observations on paralexias. c) at the end of the 1980s with Vignolo’s observations on paralexias. d) at the end of the 1980s with De Renzi’s observations on apraxias.

Which types of syndromes are studied by cognitive neuropsychology? (4). a) weak ones, also called anatomical. b) strong ones, also called functional. c) weak ones, also called functional. d) strong ones, also called anatomical.

How was lesion site determined in studies of the 1960s? (4). a) on the basis of “strong” neurological signs (hemiplegia, hemianopia). b) brain CT. c) brain scintigraphy. d) brain MRI.

Which of the following is NOT a discipline that contributed to the birth of cognitive science? (4). a) anthropology. b) computer science. c) psychology. d) sociology.

Which of the following statements is valid? (4). a) cognitive neuropsychology necessarily requires anatomical evidence. b) cognitive neuropsychology does not reject evidence derived from single cases. c) cognitive neuropsychology is based only on group studies. d) cognitive neuropsychology rejects evidence derived from single cases.

Neuropsychology studies in Italy were initially characterized by… (4). a) all answers are correct. b) rejection of single cases. c) use of statistical inference techniques. d) emphasis on group studies.

Learning, discrimination, verbal behaviors… (4). a) are perfectly equivalent terms for cognitivists and behaviorists. b) are substitute terms for behavioral descriptions typically used by behaviorists. c) none of the answers is correct. d) are substitute terms for mentalistic descriptions typically used by behaviorists.

What were the main limitations of group studies in the 1960s? (4). a) the sample size required to make meaningful inferences. b) the relative nonspecificity of anatomical observations. c) the time required to complete a study. d) all answers are correct.

In which years did “human” neuropsychology develop in Italy? (4). a) in the second postwar period. b) in the third postwar period. c) at the end of the 19th century. d) in the first postwar period.

According to convention, when and where were cognitive sciences born? (4). a) 1965, UK. b) 1970, USA. c) 1970, UK. d) 1956, USA.

The diagrams of cognitive neuropsychology… (4). a) none of the answers is correct. b) are entirely similar to those of the early neuropsychologists. c) differ from neuropsychological ones because they lack functional references. d) do not contain explicit anatomical references.

A module according to Marr and Fodor… (4). a) has operations that cannot be investigated through conscious introspection. b) should correspond to a single cortical operator. c) cannot be broken down into subcomponents. d) all answers are correct.

How were groups typically formed in population studies in neuropsychology of the 1960s? (4). a) based on gender. b) based on lesion site. c) by age. d) none of the answers is correct.