Linux-Essentials

Which statements are correct regarding distributions? (Choose two). Programs can be installed manually and without a packet manager. Only commercial distributions offer regular security updates. To start a new distribution a Linux International license is needed. Distributions restrict the user to its supported program packages. Program packages of one distribution can be adapted for another.

Which of the following is a requirement of the GPL license but not the BSD license?. Users who modify and distribute the software under the GPL license, must make the modifications they made, available to the recipients under the same license. The GPL license forbids the removal of copyright and license notices from source code files that are distributed. The GPL license contains a disclaimer of warranty requiring users not to hold the software authors liable for any damages. The GPL license requires that any legal disputes be settled with the mediation of the Free Software Foundation.

Which of the following applications are popular Open Source relational database systems? (Choose two). PostgreSQL. NoSQL. MySQL. DB/2. MongoDB.

When using a web browser, what should a user do to prevent private data from being stored locally?. Browsers can be configured to use a private mode that does not store any data locally. Set up a second profile and use only that one to access sensitive sites. Delete the profile directory in the home directory and create a new one after the work is done. Use the secure versions of the browser available. There is no way to achieve that because Linux always logs network data.

Which of the following programs is not a graphical web browser?. Konqueror. Firefox. Links. Opera. Chrome.

What does LAMP mean?. The Linux Advanced Mode Programming Interface which gives advanced capabilities to application developers. The bus ID of an attached USB device that emits light. Short for Lightweight Access Management Protocol which synchronizes permissions in a network. The combination of Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP or other programming languages. Short for lamport-clock which is important in distributed network computing.

Which of the following software packages is a mail server?. Postfix. Thunderbird. Apache. GIMP. MySQL.

Which of the following answers are true for cloud computing? (Choose two). Cloud Computing provides new tools to manage IT resources. From the business perspective, Cloud Computing means outsourcing or centralization of IT operations. Cloud Computing is the opposite of green IT; i.e. the use of fossil, non-regenerative energy for computing. Cloud Computing implies sharing all information with everyone else in 'the cloud'.

Which of the following possibilities is only available when using open source software?. Download of all its existing versions. Free use. Access to its detailed help manual. Access to its source code.

Which statements are true about virtualization? (Choose two). Virtualization is not supported by Linux because of its permissions and multi-user requirements. Virtualization lets you run several operating systems on the same hardware in parallel. Virtualization is a proprietary technology that has additional licence costs even for Linux. Virtualization is a pure desktop technology that should not be used on servers. Virtualization allows separation of services, tasks and users in distinct virtual machine.

Which of the following is a Linux based operating system for use on mobile devices?. iOS. CentOS. Android. Debian.

Which of the following statements is true for a Linux distribution used in an enterprise environment?. These distributions contain proprietary business-related software. These distributions contain software versions that have proven to be stable even if it is not the recent version in order to minimize problems. These distributions always contains the newest versions of all packages to minimize the time to market of new features. These distributions are only affordable by large companies.

Which one of the following is true about Open Source software?. Open Source software cannot be copied for free. Open Source software is available for commercial use. The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms of the software but not the source code. Open Source software is not for sale.

Which of the following services are used for network file systems? (Choose two). Rumba. Python. Samba. OpenLDAP. NFS.

Which of the following is a valid option for a typical command to get its built-in usage information?. -?. -H. --help. --manual. help.

Which of the following commands will output a list of all of the file names, under your home directory and all subdirectories, which have file names ending with .pdf?. search .pdf. ls -name -R '*.pdf'. find /home/*.pdf. find ~ -name '*.pdf'.

Which of the following is an example of globbing?. ls /etc/ 2> files.txt. ls /etc/ > files.txt. ls /etc/*.txt. ls /etc/ | more.

Which of the following commands increases the number of elements in a directory? (Choose two). touch newfile. create newfile. ls newfile. rmdir newdirectory. mkdir newdirectory.

Which command is used to make a shell variable known to subsequently executed programs?. export. announce. env. transfer. mv.

Which command shows if /usr/bin is in the current shell search path?. cat PATH. echo $PATH. echo %PATH. cat $PATH. echo %PATH%.

Which command line can be used to search help files that mention the word "copy"?. man -k copy. whatis copy. man copy. copy help. copy help.

When creating a new file, what can be done to make the file hidden from the default output of the ls command?. Hide the file with a name commented out with a hash sign like #foobar.txt. Hide the file with a name beginning with a period like .foobar.txt. Hide the file with chvis +h filename. Hide the file with chmod a+h filename. Hide the file with hide filename.

While deleting all files beginning with the letter a there was still the file Access.txt left. Assuming that it had the correct ownership, why was it not deleted?. Files with extensions need a different treatment. rm had to be called with the option -R to delete all files. The file Access.txt was probably opened by another application. The file Access.txt was hidden. Linux file names are case sensitive.

Which of the following programs is used to search for files in a file system?. locate. showfiles. flocate. search. findfiles.

Given a file called birthdays containing lines like: YYYY-MM-DD Name 1983-06-02 Tim 1995-12-17 Sue Which command would you use to output the lines belonging to all people listed whose birthday is in May or June?. grep '[56]' birthdays. grep 05?6? birthdays. grep '[0-9]*-0[56]-' birthdays. grep 06 birthdays | grep 05.

What does the exit status 0 indicate about a process?. The process ended without any problems. The process was terminated by the user. The process couldn't finish correctly. The process waited for an input but got none. The process finished in time.

Which character starts a comment line in a shell script file?. ;. *. #. /.

What is the output of the following command? for token in a b c; do echo -n ${token}; done. anbncn. abc. $token$token$token. {a}{b}{c}. a b c.

Which of the following commands can be used to extract content from a tar file?. tar -xvf. tar -vf. tar -e. tar -c. tar v.

What is the correct command to extract the contents of the archive file download.bz2?. unpack download.bz2. unzip2 download.bz2. bunzip2 download.bz2. unzip download.bz2. uncompress download.bz2.

Which command chain will count the number of regular files with the name of foo.txt within /home?. ls -lR /home | grep foo.txt | wc -l. find /home -type f -name foo.txt | wc -l. find /home -name foo.txt -count. find /home -name foo.txt | wc -l. grep -R foo.txt /home | wc -l.

Which of the following command sequences overwrites the file foobar.txt?. echo "QUIDQUIDAGIS" >> foobar.txt. echo "QUIDQUIDAGIS" < foobar.txt. echo "QUIDQUIDAGIS" > foobar.txt. echo "QUIDQUIDAGIS" | foobar.txt.

Which of the following commands will create an archive file, named backup.tar, containing all the files from the directory /home?. tar /home backup.tar. tar -cf /home backup.tar. tar -xf /home backup.tar. tar -xf backup.tar /home. tar -cf backup.tar /home.

How can the normal output of a command be written to a file while discarding the error output?. command >2>file 1&>/dev/null. command < output > /dev/null. command > discard-error > file. command > /dev/null 2&>1 output. command >file 2>/dev/null.

How can the current directory and its subdirectories be searched for the file named MyFile.xml?. find . -name MyFile.xml. grep MyFile.xml | find. grep -r MyFile.xml . less MyFile.xml. search Myfile.xml ./.

Which command will display the last line of the file foo.txt?. head -n 1 foo.txt. tail foo.txt. last -n 1 foo.txt. tail -n 1 foo.txt.

The output of the program date should be saved in the variable actdat. What is the correct statement?. actdat=`date`. set actdat='date'. date | actdat. date > $actdat. actdat=date.

The script, script.sh, consists of the following lines: "Best Material, Great Results". www.certkingdom.com 12 010-150 #!/bin/bash echo $2 $1 Which output will appear if the command, ./script.sh test1 test2, is entered?. test1 test2. test2 test1. script.sh test2. script.sh test1. test1 script.sh.

What is the output of the following command sequence? for token in a b c; do echo -n "$token "; done. anbncn. a b c. "a " "b " "c ". token token token. abc.

Which of the following commands redirects the output of cmd to the file foo.txt, in which an existing file is overwritten?. cmd || foo.txt. cmd | foo.txt. cmd && foo.txt. cmd >> foo.txt. cmd > foo.txt.

Which of the following commands will set the variable text to olaf is home? (Choose two). text=olaf\ is\ home. text=$olaf is home. $text='olaf is home'. text=='olaf is home'. text="olaf is home".

After installing a new package, in which directory are you most likely find its configuration file?. /lib. /conf. /etc. /usr. /opt.

With which command can you determine the time of the last restart of a system?. current reboottime. find reboot. expect --reboot. last | reboot. last reboot.

Which of the following filesystems is most commonly used for Linux distributions?. HFS+. ext4. FAT32. NTFS.

What is the command that will show system boot time messages?. dmesg. echo. lspci. display system boot. messages.

Which command will display running process information in real time?. top. show current. ps current. process.

Which files will affect the domain name resolution system on Linux? (Choose two). /etc/hostname. /etc/nameserver. /etc/hosts. /etc/which. /etc/resolv.conf.

Which of the following Ubuntu releases is considered most stable and fit to use for business purposes?. LTS. Xubuntu. Ubuntu Vanilla. Kubuntu. Server.

Where can a boot loader be installed?. The boot ROM. The MBR on a hard drive. The /boot partition. The boot RAM.

Where is the BIOS located?. RAM. hard drive. motherboard. LCD monitor.

Which of the following is a technology used to connect a hard drive directly to a computer's motherboard?. PCI. Ethernet. DSL. SATA. VGA.

Which network interface always exists in a Linux system?. lo. sit0. wlan0. vlan0. eth0.

A Linux computer has no access to the internet. Which command displays information about the network gateway for the system?. traceroute. ifconfig. gateway. route. ipconfig.

Which criteria are useful when deciding which operating system to use? (Select THREE answers). License costs. Ideological preferences of the system administrator. Linux can do everything, there is no need for further evaluation. Availability of mandatory applications and tools. Skills of the administrators and staff.

In which directory are system log files kept?. /log/syslog/. /var/log/. /sys/log/. /var/log/sys/.

Which command shows, amongst other information, the IP address of the current DNS server for a Linux system?. cat /etc/net/dns.conf. ifconfig -v dns. show net dns. cat /etc/resolv.conf. cat /etc/net/nameserver.conf.

Which of the following commands can be used to change both the owner AND group settings of a file?. chmod. chage. chuser. chown. chgrp.

Which criteria are useful when deciding which operating system to use? (Select THREE answers). License costs. Ideological preferences of the system administrator. Linux can do everything, there is no need for further evaluation. Availability of mandatory applications and tools. Skills of the administrators and staff.

In which directory are system log files kept?. /log/syslog/. /var/log/. /sys/log/. /var/log/sys/.

Which of the following will change the group that is associated with a file?. chmod. chmod -w. chown. ls -g.

Which command displays the list of groups to which a user belongs?. whoami. lsgroup. who. id.

Which of the following is the home folder for the root user?. /user/root. /. /root. /home/root.

drwxrwxrwxt 12 tu tg 36864 2012-03-15 /home/directory/ Which of the following statements are true? (Choose two). Everybody can create files in the directory. Files in the directory are created with read, write and execute permissions for everyone. The directory is broken. Everybody can delete only his own files. The directory is a security risk.

Which statement about users and user groups is correct?. A group can only have one main user. There can be only one user group on a system. User do not have to belong to a user group. Every user belongs to a least one user group.

Which of the following properties of a user account determines whether the user is given administrator privileges?. Its primary group ID is 0 (zero). It is listed first in /etc/passwd. Its username is root. Its user ID is 0 (zero). Its GECOS (name) field is set to "System Administrator".

What is the command to change the password of a user?. wpasswd. gpasswd. epasswd. passwd. password.

What command line will create the user falco with home directory assigned to the group users as primary group?. useradd -g users falco. useradd -f users falco. useradd -m -g users falco. add user falco@users. add -user falco -group users.

Which of the following Linux distributions use the dpkg package management system? (Choose TWO correct answers.). Suse. Red Hat. Debian. Ubuntu. Mandriva.

Which of the following applications are used to play an MP3 file on a Linux system? (Choose THREE correct answers.). Xara Xtreme. Banshee. LibreOffice Player. Amarok. Audacious.

What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications?. The vendor's version management system. A CD-ROM disk. The distribution's package repository. The vendor's website. A retail store.

Which one of the following statements concerning Linux passwords is true?. All passwords can be decrypted using the system administrator's master password. Passwords may never start with a non-letter. Users cannot change their password once it has been set. Passwords are only stored in encrypted form. Passwords may be at most six characters long.

What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications?. The vendor's version management system. A CD-ROM disk. The distribution's package repository. The vendor's website. A retail store.

Which of the following can be used to access the command line?. BIOS. Terminal. XWindow. Firefox. Xargs.

Which Linux distribution is used as a basis for the creation of Ubuntu Linux?. Red Hat Linux. Arch Linux. SUSE Linux. Gentoo Linux. Debian Linux.

Which one of the following is true about Open Source software?. Open Source software can not be copied for free. Open Source software is available for commercial use. The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms of the software but not the source code. Open Source software is not for sale.

What is the first character for file or directory names if they should not be displayed by commands such as ls unless specifically requested?. \ (backslash). . (dot). - (minus). _ (underscore).

Which of the following commands moves the directory ~/summer-vacation and its content to ~/ vacation/2011?. mv ~/vacation/2011 ~/summer-vacation. move -R ~/summer-vacation ~/vacation/2011. mv /home/summer-vacation /home/vacation/2011. mv ~/summer-vacation ~/vacation/2011. mv -R ~/summer-vacation ~/vacation/2011.

Which option will cause the echo command NOT to output a trailing newline?. -e. -p. -n. -s.

Which commands provide help for a specific Linux command? (Choose TWO correct answers.). info. man. helpme. ask. whatdoes.

Which of the following are correct commands for changing the current directory to the user's home?(Choose TWO answers). cd /home. cd ~. cd .. cd. cd /.

Which command lists all files in the current directory that start with a capital letter?. ls [A-Z]*. ls A-Z. ls A-Z*. ls --uppercasefiles. list-uppercase-files.

Which of the following commands will display a list of all files in the current directory, including those that may be hidden?. ls -a. ls --hidden. ls -h. ls a.

What command would you use to get comprehensive documentation about any command in Linux?. help command. echo command. locate command. man command. get command.

How is it possible to determine if an executable file is a shell script which is read by Bash?. The r bit is set. The file must end with .sh. The first line starts with #!/bin/bash. /bin/bash has to be run in debug mode. Scripts are never executable files.

Which of the following commands can be used to view a file and do search operations within it while viewing the contents?. less. find. grep. report. see.

Which function does a shell program serve?. It provides a graphical environment. It is responsible for establishing a connection to another computer. It receives user commands and executes them. It is responsible for logging a user into the system.

Which of the following commands can be used to extract files from an archive?. tar -vf. tar -xvf. tar -evf. tar -e. tar v.

How could one search for the file foo.txt under the directory /home?. search /home -file foo.txt. search /home foo.txt. find /home -file foo.txt. find /home -name foo.txt. find /home foo.txt.

What is the output of the following command? tail -n 20 test.txt. The first 20 lines of test.txt. The last 20 lines of test.txt omitting the blank lines. The last 20 lines of test.txt with line numbers. The last 20 lines of test.txt including blank lines.

Which commands will archive /home and its content to /mnt/backup? (Choose TWO correct answers.). cp -ar /home /mnt/backup. mv /home /mnt/backup. sync -r /home /mnt/backup. tar -cf /mnt/backup/archive.tar /home. copy -r /home /mnt/backup.

Why is the file data.txt empty after executing sort data.txt > data.txt?. Because, if data.txt is empty now, it must have been empty before. Because sort cannot sort text files, only binary files. Because sort detects that both files are the same. Because the file gets truncated before sort is executed.

What keyword is missing from the following segment of the shell script? for i in *; _____ cat $i done. do. then. enod. fi. run.

Which of the following statements may be used to access the second command line argument to a script?. "$ARG2". $1. "$2". "$1". '$2'.

Which of the following commands will output all of the lines that contain either the string Fred or fred? (Choose TWO correct answers.). grep -v fred data_file. grep '[f]red' data_file. egrep fred data_file. grep '[Ff]red' data_file. grep -i fred data_file.

The output of the program date should be saved in the variable actdat. What is the correct statement?. actdat=`date`. set actdat='date'. date | actdat. date > $actdat. actdat=date.

How can the current directory and its subdirectories be searched for the file named MyFile.xml?. find . -name MyFile.xml. grep MyFile.xml | find. grep -r MyFile.xml . less MyFile.xml. search Myfile.xml ./.

Which of the following commands will set the variable text to olaf is home? (Select TWO answers). text=olaf\ is\ home. text=$olaf is home. $text='olaf is home'. text=='olaf is home'. text="olaf is home".

Which of the following commands will create an archive file, named backup.tar, containing all the files from the directory /home?. tar /home backup.tar. tar -cf /home backup.tar. tar -xf /home backup.tar. tar -xf backup.tar /home. tar -cf backup.tar /home.

Which of the following commands can be used to extract content from a tar file?. tar -xvf. tar -vf. tar -e. tar -c. tar v.

Which of the following is a combined audio/video interface for transmission of digital data?. ATI. DVD. HDMI. VGA. DVI.

Which of the following commands is used to look up the current IP address of a system?. less /proc/net/ipconfig. ifconfig. showip. ipconfig. sysinfo | grep ipaddress.

Which of the following hardware devices links a number of computers together to form an Ethernet LAN?. Server. Switch. Connector. Access point. Terminal.

What is the number called that is used to identify a process?. Proc Num. PIN. Process Entry. PID.

Which of the following commands are used to view memory usage? (Choose TWO correct answers.). memory. top. ps. free. nice.

Which of the following directories is often used to store log files?. /home. /var. /temp. /dev. /usr.

Identify the proper device for the third partition, on the second hard disk, on the first IDE controller on a PC system. /dev/hdb3. /dev/hd1b3. /dev/hdc1d2p3. dev/hdc1a3. dev/hdc1b3.

After installing a new package, in which directory are you most likely find its configuration file?. /lib. /conf. /etc. /usr. /opt.

What is the command that will show system boot time messages?. dmesg. echo. lspci. display system boot. messages.

Which permissions should be given to a file that needs to be opened and edited by the file's owner and opened read-only by the file's group?. 0751. 0466. 0540. 0640. 0444.

Which of the following commands can be used to determine the time of the last login of a given user?. showlog. recent. last. history. login.

What permissions are set on a file with the command chmod 654 file.txt?. drw-r-xr--. d--wxr-x--. --wxr-x--x. -rwxrw---x. -rw-r-xr--.

Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct? (Choose TWO answers). The personal settings of root are in this directory. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created. The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command. The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system.

The following line is found in which system file? root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash. /etc/user.conf. /etc/shadow. /etc/passwd. /usr/bin/shadow. /etc/password.

Given the following directory permissions: drwxrwxrwt 14 root root 36864 2012-03-02 11:17 /tmp What does the letter t at the end of drwxrwxrwt indicate?. It is the sticky bit that causes all commands in this directory to be launched as root. It means that even though the directory is globally writable only the owner can delete their own files. It makes the directory accessible for everybody. It indicates that this directory contains only temporary files that may be deleted. It is a temporary bit that prevents launching commands in this directory.

When a new user is added, where does the user ID get stored?. /etc/users. /etc/realm. /etc/pass. /etc/shpasswd. /etc/passwd.

What are the three sets of permissions for a file?. user, group, others. administrator, group, others. user, standard user, others. administrator, standard user, others.

Which command displays the list of groups to which a user belongs?. whoami. lsgroup. who. id.

What two character sequence is present at the beginning of an interpreted script? (Please specify the TWO correct characters only) #!.