The balanced use of the four strands in a language course is justify by: The time-on-task principle Research on teaching The activities performed .
For a language course to be well planned it is necessary that it: Contains a great amount of listening and reading Concentrates in grammar or vocabulary Has an appropriate balance of the so called four strands.
Which of the four skills of learning a language does Numan (1998) claim is least understood? Listening Speaking Writing.
Traditionally, according to Nation & Newton, teachers would see their listening activities as being somewhat. Passive Active Interactive.
In Nation & Newton´s learning goals the “T” part of the acronym LIOST would be associated with of the following? A one-to-one tutoring session between the learner and the teacher. The content or ideas in the subject being studied. A large, complicate text to be used as a discourse by the learners.
If I were looking to focus on from rather than meaning which of four strands would I use to do this? Meaning-focused input Fluency Language-focused learning.
Why are opportunities for language called strands? Because The can seen as long continuous sets of learning conditions that run throughout the whole course. They are designed to entangle and confuse the students learning. They are separated from the main aim of learning a language.
An important rule of thumb suggested by Nation & Newton for new teachers is which of the following? One should choose a machining method of language learning that best suits their personality ad stick to it-the consistency will help students. One should be aware of all teaching method and be able to apply these in ways that suit learners the teaching conditions and the skills of the teacher. One should be aware of only the teaching methods which are more traditional in their country. Therefore, there will be zero novelties for the students and they will know exactly where they stand.
A teacher could advise a student suffering from gaps in their production knowledge during mean-focused output exercises to supplement their learning with which of the following? Communication strategies. Online written resources. Grammar books. .
Which of the following steps of an exercise would not be conductive to a student wanting to attempt to tackle a fluency activity. The use of unknow vocabulary The use of skimming The presuming of the student to work at a faster that normal rate.
How much time does Numan (1998) claim that students typically spend devoted to listening? 25 % 10 % 50 %.
If I wanted to have a learner deal with receiving written or verbal messages I would use techniques associated with which strand of learning? Meaning-focused input Meaning-focused output Fluency.
A teacher following the pedagogical principles for languages learning laid-out by Nation (1993) should allow for the repeated coverage of the most useful language items in their language course. This could be done via which of the following? The use of controlled and simplified material focusing in high frequency items and providing plenty of imput at the same level. The use of controlled and simplified material with a balanced focus on variety of items and providing plenty of imput at the same level. The use of “realia” material taken from real-life work used to provide students with an eclectic amount of information and providing plenty of imput at the differing levels.
In Nation and Newton´s “learning goals” the “S” part of the acronym L.I.S.T would be associated with which of the following? The teacher giving a learner some activities to study for homework Language skills such as listening, writing, fluency in using know answers. An activity aimed at fostering skills such a s accuracy or fluency.
If a learner was to convey messages by language a teacher would use an exercise associated with which strand of a language course? Meaning-focused output Language-focused learning Fluency.
A good language course requires that students receive: A high percentage of input and language features A high percentage of output and fluency development A balanced percentage of input, output, language items and fluency development.
I students are given a dialogue to practice and are asked to write some texts, they are learning through… Meaning-focused input Meaning-focused output Language item and language features.
The time-on-task principle is based on the assumption that students: Need to set a specific time to practice Learn more if they practice a lot Need to have carefully time-planned activities.
A teacher who wishes to follow the pedagogical principles suggested by Nation (1993) may attempt to support and push learners to produce spoken and written output in a variety of appropriate genres. Which of the following would be an appropriate activity for doing this? Extended reading tasks. Online listening activities Role plays.
The common-sense approach is also important because the way of learning each of the languages skills is… Different The same Always the same.
According to Newton & Nation which of the following is a problem that most language courses face? Having more than the four suggested strands. Having less than the four suggested strands. Having a lack of balanced the four suggested strands.
An assumption (according to Nation & Newton) is that teaching and learning activities that have become unfashionable… Have done so for a reason, they are ineffective and should be avoided. Can still be used in developing countries which old-fashioned style teacher-student relationships and method. May still make a positive contribution to learning if they apply useful principles and if they are focused on worthwhile goals.
When you learn trough meaning-focused input, you are exposed to …… materials. Listening and reading Speaking and writing Vocabulary and grammar.
The time-on-task principle expresses that: The four strands are justified. You learn better if you spend more time in learning There is no relation between time and learning.
Which of the following aspects of an exercise would not be conductive to a student wanting to attempt to tackle a fluency activity? The use of unknow vocabulary The use of skimming The pressurizing of the students to work at a s faster than normal rate.
In a meaning-focused input activity, the teacher should attempt to create exercises which focus the learner´s interest om gaining knowledge, understanding and… Reaching perfection Experiencing enjoyment Mastering grammar.
Teachers typically attempt to create a friendly, safe and cooperative classroom environment. This is done because of which of the following? Make a teacher’s life easier by having relax students. Prevents complaints from students and parents. Reduce anxiety in the learners which affects their willingness to communicate.
Teachers applying listen and do activities should be aware that they are The basis of total physical response language teaching. Activities which involve the teacher listening and acting on instructions. The basis of the natural approach to teaching. .
When deciding what to teach in a listening course, the planner has to think on: A variety of issues, among them, age, purpose for learning, their educational background, English experience with, and the context: EFL or ESL. Only the purpose for learning and age. Educational background and context: EFL or ESL.
Which of the following is a key principle of the for strands that should be applied by all language teachers? The teacher should always provide large amount of comprehensive input thought both listening and reading. The teacher should limit the amount of comprehensible input is as to avoid overload with the students The teacher should increase the amount of comprehensible on age and level of the students.
Principle 2 of the M.I.N.U.S acronym (interest) could involve a teacher organizing. Activities that involve movement Grammar exercises Dictation exercises.
A very well-known activity in which the teacher are students think on an object and write its name on a piece of paper, and the students start asking questions about the object proposed students make guesses before completing questions. This activity is called: Listening Pronunciation Speaking.
A trainee teacher preparing an English course for being should keep in mind that the material and style used should. Be the same regardless of age and ability of age and ability factors. Be flexible depending on whom you are teaching. Neglect educational level and keep it simple at all times.
The activity in which there is a small amount of written language and learners have to reproduce the message they hear in a new from, is called Information transfer Supporting listening Listen and choose.
In Nation & Newton´s “five principles for teaching beginners” the “N” part of the acronym M.I.N.U.S stands for new language. This means… A teacher should introduce as much new language as possible at all times – expanding a learner’s vocabulary and competence in a language. A teacher should not overload learners with too much new language. A teacher should provide new language at certain crucial moments in a course - specially planned out in order for maximum opportunities of student retention and application.
Two-way listening is also known as: Transactional Conventional Interactional.
In this course it is stated that when learning a language, it is necessary to start by: Tailing a listening and speaking course, so you are ready to receive and produce the language. Doing listening activities because are challenged to produce the language. Practicing speaking, so students are challenged to produce the language.
In Nation & Newton´s “five principles for teaching beginners” the “M” part of the acronym M.I.N.U.S stands for.. Management Monitoring Scamming.
Some of the learning priorities for migrant, adult, beginners, with limited education and who need general everyday English for living in an English-speaking context are the following Being aware of the alphabet of the new language and some phrases to talk about themselves. Phrases and vocabulary for talking about issues such as religion or politics. Begin to read graded readers, and do interesting activities. .
When following Nation & Newton´s principles of early classes of a beginner´s courses for uneducated adult migrants in the USA one could include which of the following early on? Phrases for talking about the culture of your homeland. Phrases for talking about job aspirations. Phrases and vocabulary for everyday life.
In the past listening was seen as: A process by which you kept a conversation A passive process by which one person stablishes a conversation A passive process in which the information is sent to a listener .
The activities for Meaning-focused Listening have some features as students are able to understand what they are listening to, the material is at the right level of students, among others. Which is the characteristic that does not belong to this type of activities? There are a few unfamiliar or partly unfamiliar items. There is a little bit of deliberate attention given to language features. There is small quantity of input.
When following Nation & Newton´s principles of early classes of a beginner´s courses for uneducated adult migrants in the USA one could include which of the following early on? Vocabulary related to classroom expressions. Vocabulary associated with higher-education. Vocabulary which could be used to explaining your political views or preferences.
In a beginner course student are motivated in their languages used by: Providing them with easy activities so they do not find any difficulty. Engaging them in successful listening and speaking tasks. Helping them to cope with meaning focused output.
Which of the following would be an appropriate way for students to learn sentence patterns? Watching cartoons Substitution tables Cartoons.
According to what you have read in Nation ^Newton and advantage of having a learner memorize useful phrases is that… I t will stand them in good stead for building on the knowledge at later stage. It can stimulate the cognitive part of the brain associated with language learning. Simple communication can occur at an early stage.
Which of the following activities is considered not to be uses in a meaning-focused listening class? Oral cloze Listen and chose One way listening.
From what we know about learning, meaning-focused typically emphasizes a Bottom-up approach Mixed-methods approach Top-down approach.
A teacher adhering to Gary % Gary´s (1981) theory claiming that receptive knowledge grows faster than productive knowledge would know which of the following? It´s a possible to experience and learn much more of the language by just concentrating in listening if learners had to be able to say all the material in the lessons, progress would be very slow. It is possible to experience and learn much more the language by not solely concentrating on listening if learners are able to say all of which they learn in lessons, progress can be anything but slow. A mix of learning should not affect the speed at which learners are able to progress. Therefore, a mix of listening speaking reading and writing is wholly appropnate at the beginning of a language course.
Teacher applying natural sounding dialogues would know to make these Similar to everyday interactions. Controlled and narrow. Simulating and inventive.
Which of the following would be an example of supporting listening? Listening to a specially designed radio show with native speakers talking in simplified slower speech. Add a list of words or pictures for learners to see way they listen. Giving the students encouragement and moral support via verbal communication.
According to Field (2003) along with reduced forms (contractions). What other speech phenomena present difficulties for al language learners? Assimilation and elision (the omission od a vowel, consonant, or syllable in pronunciation) Re-syllabification (to from or divide words or phrases into syllables) All of assimilation, elision and re-syllabification.
A teacher employing bottom-up and top-down processes together would be seeing listening as A single skill A variety of sub-skills A multi-skilled activity.
A teacher whishing to apply a dictation text would normally selected a length approximately 100 – 150 words long 200 – 250 words long 300 – 350 words long.
Which of the following activities would have the teacher reading a text to student in bite-size chunks? Dicto-comp 4/3/2 Phrase by phrase.
A teacher wishing to apply a “running dictation” exercise would be using which of the following types of teaching theories? Total Physical response. Comprehension Communication.
Which of the following would be a psychological benefit highlighted by Gary Gary (1981) of having beginners focus on listening activities They will feel comfortable with the grammar activities which helps them their listening. They will not feel anxious or nervous about class. They will feel confident to communicate native speakers.
A teacher should know that listening activities… Are dependent on group work in classes in order to be effective. Are well suited to independent learning through listening to recordings. Are to be teacher led in class at all times in order to check for understanding.
The teacher chooses the grammar words of a text and writes them on the board keeping the same order they appeared in the text, then he|she reads the text but first he|she asks the students to pay attention to the dictation in order to identify the difficult words of the text. This type of exercises belongs to the type of dictation called…. Guided dictation One chance dictation Dictation of long phrases.
An oral reproduction activity involves the teacher doing what Providing the learners with online listening exercises to reproduce in class Providing the students with written clues of what is they need to reproduce. Saying a dialogue only one and having the learner repeat it correctly.
When applying a reproduction exercise the teacher should explain to the class that they need to do which of the following Pass on verbal messages to one another based on what a classmate has already told them. Read a text and then produce their own written version of it without looking back at the original. Listen to an exercise on a prepepared cd by the teacher and then reproduce it in written form.
A teacher applying natural sounding dialogues would know to make these… Similar to everyday narrow Controlled and narrow Stimulating and inventive. .
According to Gary & Gary (1981) realistic communicative listening activities should have which of the following effect om the student motivation. Strong positive Weak positive Weak negative.
The type of dictation in which several printed copies with blanks are disturbs. They are completed in a sequential manner, starting from the one with less blanks until coming to the one with more blanks and continues until the learner are writing the Guided Perfect Completion.
A teacher wishing to apply retelling exercise would need to produce which of the following A text for the students to read. A Chinese whispers story to pass around the class. A listening exercise for each individual student to listen to before starting the task.
The following are the steps required for Dictoglos Activity, which is the correct order teachers have to follow to perform them? Preparation, text comparison between groups, listening and none-taking, text reconstruction in groups, listening for meaning. Preparation, listening and none-taking, text comparison between groups, text reconstruction in groups, listening for meaning. Preparation, listening for meaning, listening and none-taking, text comparison between groups, text reconstruction in groups, listening for meaning.
From what we know about learning, meaning-focused listening typically emphasizes a Bottom-up approach. Mixed-methods approach Top/down approach.
A teacher carrying an oral cloze exercise would be aware that when dealing with beginners it is entirely appropriate to do which of the following Give the answers prior to the activity I order to speed-up the exercise. Write the answers on the board so that the student can guess. Get the students working in pairs to help one another out.
An exercise in which the teacher uses text, which is read several times, then students ask questions about it while the teacher checks understanding of all the words, it is a ……. Exercise. Listening Pre dictation Reading.
Oral reproduction uses which of the following skills Listening and speaking Reading and speaking Reading and writing.
A teacher wishing to conduct a delayed repetition exercise would know that it involves which of the following Having the learner listen to a long phrase waiting a short time, then repeating it. Having the learner listen to a long phrase waiting a short time, then repeating it with more information. Having the learner listen to a long phrase waiting a short time, then putting in his\her own words. .
A teacher using a bottom-up listening process should be aware that… The listener assembles the messages piece-by-piece from the speech stream, going from the parts to the whole. The listener goes from the whole to the parts using their prior knowledge and inference. The listener understands the message immediately from prior experience and analysis. .
A new teacher should be aware that it is absolutely crucial that a dictation text is contracted by New vocabulary Know vocabulary Advanced vocabulary.
Delayed copying uses which of the following skills? Reading and writing. Listening and writing. Reading and speaking.
Achieving native-speaker like pronunciation for adult learners would be considered which of the following? Possible only and very few circumstances Impossible, this can only be achieved with child learners Very impossible depending on the quality of the teacher.
According to Stevick (1978) for learners its easy to copy new sounds, but one of the reason they may have difficulty is Teachers do not give them a suitable model for pronunciation The anxiety they feel when making a new sound Students are not sure about how they have to pronounce words.
The debate about whether native speaker English should be British, American, Australian or other should be based on criteria regarding which of the following? Graphical and political issues Intelligibility and identity Desire and need.
According to Nation & Newton a common issue with word stress is which of the following? Interference from the learner´s first language can affect the word stress. Word stress is ignored Students can say words with the stress in the wrong places.
The advantage of working the activity called identifying sounds is that All the class can practice and the teacher can see who is able to hear the sound. The learners can pronounce with their eyes shut. There are various ways of responding in this activity.
Which of the following would be an accurate explanation by a teacher of what is the phonological loop? A series of listening activities. An interactive activity The brain saying a word or phrase over and over to itself in order to remember it.
When teaching sentence stress, a teacher should be able to communicate to the students which of the following theoretical issues? The place of stress in an English sentence depends on the relative importance of the different words in the sentence. It is quite uncommon that nouns, adjectives, main verbs or adverbs are given strong stress – pronouns are the most common. Learners should not be preoccupied with stress because it cannot change the meaning of sentences, merely the intelligibility can alter.
Having read Nation & Newton a trainee teacher would know that in regards to pronunciation Adults are less likely to pick up the new sound that young children Adults are more likely to pick up the new sound that young children Adults are just like likely to pick up the new sound that young children.
Which of the following would be a finding which teacher should keep in mind when evaluating the conditions for teaching and learning pronunciation? Tongue twisters are a fantastic way to practice pronunciation Copying is more difficult that reading aloud from a book The written from of a word can affect its pronunciation.
When conducting listening exercises involving the use of memory span, teachers should keep in mind that research suggests which of the following Memory span is longer in a learner second rather than first language. Memory span is shorter in a learner second rather than first language. Memory span should not be expected to change regardless of whether the learner is working in their first or second language. .
The usual criterion for pronunciation that a learner should be striving for is which of the following Perfect accent and understanding Understanding and ability Intelligibility and identity.
It is understood by teachers that if a learner begins to speak the foreign language after the age of 12 There is normally a great or noticeable accent There is normally little or no accent It is normally an irrelevant factor with their accent.
According to the text, the conditions for teaching and learning is one of the factors that affect the learning of Listening Another sound system Grammar.
A teacher should be aware that when planning a listening and speaking programme for beginners, it is important to include... Regular listen and enjoy activities Infrequent listen and enjoy activities Zero listen and enjoy activities.
Having read Nation & Newton a trainee teacher would know that in regards to pronunciation The older the learners the more important it is to give some direct attention to pronunciation The younger the learner the more important it is to give some direct attention to pronunciation Age doesn’t play a factor when decoding on giving direct attention to pronunciation.
When teaching new sounds, it is advisable to explain how to make the sound, show its written form, or force learners to make the correct sound All of this is enough for copying the pronunciation of the sound. Making new sounds can be accomplished just by repeating sounds. More help can be given to help learners to make sounds.
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The pronunciation of a second language is not only important because it helps in normal communication and specially for making something we pronounce intelligible, but because it helps…. A word enters easily into the long-term memory The brain to say a word over and over in order to keep it in working memory To become familiar with the patters and rules that work for the second language.
Which of the following is an example of the phonological loop in action? Making a memory circle on apiece of paper of how you are going to remember certain phrases. Saying a telephone number over and over again in order to keep it in our working memory Reading the same book many times in order to get a great understanding of the topic.
A teacher who follows the same line of thoughts as Nation & Newton would claim that the learner’s first language can… Have a major influence on learning the sound system of another language Have no influence on learning the sound system of another language Be regarded as irrelevant when learning the sound system of another language.
It is understood by teachers that if a learner begins to speak the foreign language before the age of six… There is normally a great or noticeable accent. There is normally little or no accent It is normally an irrelevant factor with their accent.
Dicto-comp uses which of the following skills. Listening and writing Listening and speaking Speaking and reading.
Reproduction exercises use which of the following skills Listening and speaking Listening and reading Reading and writing. .
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