THE MIDDLE AGES - PART 2 (to study)

THE MIDDLE AGES - PART 2 ESSENTIAL SCIENCE - 5º EPO - UNIT 13. Courage!.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). 1.- Muslims and Christians. In 711 AD, a small army of Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain. In seven years, they conquered most of the peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Under the Muslims, Hispania was called Al Andalus. The Muslims brought their customs, laws and religion to Al Andalus. Their highest authority was the caliph, and their religion was Islam. Many Muslims lived in cities, and worked as merchants and craftsmen. Christians continued to live in the north of the peninsula. Their highest authority was the king, and their religion was Christianity. Most Christians lived in the countryside, and were farmers.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). 1.- Muslims and Christians. In 711 AD, a small army of Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain. In seven years, they conquered most of the peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Under the Muslims, Hispania was called Al Andalus. (En el año 711 dC, un pequeño ejército de musulmanes del norte de África invadió la España visigoda. En siete años, conquistó la mayor parte de la península y las Islas Baleares. Bajo los musulmanes, Hispania se llamó Al-Andalus.) The Muslims brought their customs, laws and religion to Al Andalus. Their highest authority was the caliph, and their religion was Islam. Many Muslims lived in cities, and worked as merchants and craftsmen. (Los musulmanes trajeron sus costumbres, leyes y religión a Al Andalus. Su máxima autoridad era el califa, y su religión era el Islam. Muchos musulmanes vivían en las ciudades, y trabajaban como comerciantes y artesanos.) Christians continued to live in the north of the peninsula. Their highest authority was the king, and their religion was Christianity. Most Christians lived in the countryside, and were farmers. (Los cristianos continuaron viviendo en el norte de la península. Su máxima autoridad era el rey y su religión era el cristianismo. La mayoría de los cristianos vivían en el campo, y eran agricultores.).

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). - When did Muslims invade Visigothic Spain? (¿Cuándo invadieron los musulmanes la España visigoda?) - Muslims invaded Visigothic Spain in 711 AD. (Los musulmanes invadieron la España visigoda en el año 711 dC.).

When did Muslims invade Visigothic Spain?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -The Muslims who invaded Visigothic Spain, where did they come? (Los musulmanes que invadieron la España visigoda, ¿de dónde vinieron?) -They came from northern Africa. (Vinieron del norte de Africa.).

The Muslims who invaded Visigothic Spain, where did they come?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -How much time did Muslims need to conquer most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands? (¿Cuánto tiempo necesitaron los musulmanes para conquistar la mayor parte de la Península Ibérica y las islas Baleares?) -They needed only seven years. (Necesitaron solo siete años.).

How much time did Muslims need to conquer most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Under the Muslims, what was called the Visigothic Hispania? (Bajo los musulmanes, ¿cómo fue llamada la Hispania visigoda?) -They called it Al-Andalus. (La llamaron Al-Andalus.).

Under the Muslims, what was called the Visigothic Hispania?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What did the Muslim bring to inhabitants of Al-Andalus? (¿Qué trajeron los musulmanes a los habitantes de Al-Andalus?) -They brought their customs, laws and religion to Al Andalus. (Trajeron sus costumbres, leyes y religión a Al Andalus.).

What did the Muslim bring to inhabitants of Al Andalus?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Which was the highest authority of the Muslims? (¿Cuál era la máxima autoridad de los mulsulmanes?) -Their highest authority was the caliph. (Su máxima autoridad era el califa).

Which was the highest authority of the Muslims?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What religion did the Muslims of Al-Andalus practice? (¿Qué religión practicaban los musulmanes de Al-Andalus?) -They practiced the Islam. (Practicaban el Islam.).

What religion did the Muslims of Al Andalus practice?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Where did many Muslims of Al-Andalus live, working as merchants and craftsmen? (¿dónde vivían muchos musulmanes de Al-Andalus, trabajando como comerciantes y artesanos?). -They lived in cities. (Vivían en ciudades.).

Where did many Muslims of Al-Andalus live, working as merchants and craftsmen?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What were the main works of the Muslims who lived in the cities of Al-Andalus? (¿Cuáles eran los principales trabajos de los musulmanes que vivían en las ciudades de Al-Andalus?). -They worked as merchants and craftsmen. (Trabajaban como comerciantes y artesanos.).

What were the main works of the Muslims who lived in the cities of Al Andalus?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -After the Muslim conquest, where did the Christians continue to live on the Iberian peninsula? (Después de la conquista musulmana, ¿dónde continuaron viviendo los cristianos en la península ibérica?) -They continued to live in the north of the peninsula. (Continuaron viviendo en el norte de la península.).

After the Muslim conquest, where did the Christians continue to live on the Iberian peninsula?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Which was the highest authority of the Christians who lived in the north of the Iberian Peninsula? (¿Cuál era la máxima autoridad de los cristianos que vivían en el norte de la península ibérica?) -Their highest authority was the king. (Su máxima autoridad era el rey.).

Which was the highest authority of the Christians who lived in the north of the Iberian Peninsula?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What religion did the Christians practice? (¿Qué religión practicaban los cristianos?) -Their religion was Christianity. (Su religión era el cristianismo.).

What religion did the Christians practice?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -In the Middle Ages, where did most Christians live? (En la Edad Media, ¿dónde vivían la mayoría de los cristianos?) -They lived in the countryside. (Vivían en el campo.).

In the Middle Ages, where did most Christians live?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -In the Middle Ages, what were the main work of the Christians? (En la Edad Media, ¿cuál era el principal trabajo de los cristianos?). -They worked as farmers. (Trabajaban como agricultores.).

In the Middle Ages, what were the main work of the Christians?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). 2.- Al Andalus. For almost eight hundred years, the centre and south of the peninsula were Muslim. The Muslims built cities, protected by walls, on hills. They built palaces, such as the Aljaferia in Zaragoza. They also built mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Cordoba, to practise their religion. The most important Muslim city was Cordoba, the capital of Al Andalus. The great philosopher Averroes was born there.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). 2.- Al Andalus. (Al Andalus) For almost eight hundred years, the centre and south of the peninsula were Muslim. (Durante casi 800 años, el centro y sur de la península fueron musulmanes.) The Muslims built cities, protected by walls, on hills. They built palaces, such as the Aljaferia, in Zaragoza. They also built mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Cordoba, to practise their religion. (Los musulmanes construyeron ciudades, protegidas por murallas, sobre colinas. Construyeron palacios, como la Aljafería, en Zaragoza. También construyeron mezquitas, como la Gran Mezquita de Córdoba, para practicar su religión.) The most important Muslim city was Cordoba, the capital of Al Andalus. The great philosopher Averroes was born there. (La ciudad musulmana más importante fue Córdoba, la capital de Al Andalus. El gran filósofo Averroes nació allí.).

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -For how many years the center and south of the peninsula were Muslim? (¿Durante cuántos años fueron musulmanes el centro y sur de la península?) -They were Muslim for almost eight hundred years. (Fueron musulmanes durante casi ochocientos años.).

For how many years the center and south of the peninsula were Muslim?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Did Muslims build cities on the Iberian Peninsula? (¿Construyeron ciudades los musulmanes en la península ibérica?) -Yes. They built cities, protected by walls, on hills. (Sí. Construyeron ciudades, protegidas por murallas, sobre colinas.).

Did Muslims build cities on the Iberian Peninsula?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -The Muslims built many palaces in Al Andalus. What important palace was built by Muslims in Zaragoza? (Los musulmanes construyeron muchos palacios en Al Andalus. ¿Qué palacio importante fue construido por los musulmanes en Zaragoza?) -In Zaragoza, they built a very important palace: the Aljaferia. (En Zaragoza, construyeron un palacio muy importante: la Aljafería.).

The Muslims built many palaces in Al Andalus. What important palace was built by Muslims in Zaragoza?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -The Muslims also built many mosques in Al Andalus. What was the most important of all? (Los musulmanes también construyeron muchas mezquitas en Al Andalus. ¿Cuál fue la más importante de todas?) -The most important was the Great Mosque of Cordoba. (La más importante fue la Gran Mezquita de Córdoba.).

The Muslims also built many mosques in Al Andalus. What was the most important of all?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What was the use of mosques for Muslims? (¿Cuál fue la utilidad de las mezquitas para los musulmanes?) -They used them to practise their religion. (Ellos las utilizaban para practicar su religión.).

What was the use of mosques for Muslims?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What was the most important Muslim city of Al Andalus? (¿Cuál fue la ciudad musulmana más importante de Al Andalus?) -The most important Muslim city was Cordoba. (La ciudad musulmana más importante fue Córdoba.).

What was the most important Muslim city of Al Andalus?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -What was the capital of Al Andalus? (¿Cuál fue la capital de Al Andalus?) -The capital of Al Andalus was Cordoba. (La capital de Al Andalus fue Córdoba.).

What was the capital of Al Andalus?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Where was born the great philosopher Averroes? (¿Dónde nació el gran filósofo Averroes?) -The great philosopher Averroes was born in Cordoba. (El gran filósofo Averroes nació en Córdoba.).

Where was born the great philosopher Averroes?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). 3.- The Christian kingdoms. After the Muslim conquest, small, independent Christian Kingdoms grew on the Cantabrian coast, and in the Pyrenees. The first was the Kingdom of Asturias, which later became the Kingdom of Leon. Next, the Kingdoms of Aragon, Navarre, and the Catalonian Counties were created. Finally, the Kingdom of Castile was formed.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). 3.- The Christian kingdoms. (Los reinos cristianos.) After the Muslim conquest, small, independent Christian Kingdoms grew on the Cantabrian coast, and in the Pyrenees. (Después de la conquista musulmana, reinos cristianos pequeños e independientes surgieron en la costa cantábrica, y en los Pirineos.) The first was the Kingdom of Asturias, which later became the Kingdom of Leon. (El primero fue el Reino de Asturias, que más tarde se convirtió en el Reino de León.) Next, the Kingdoms of Aragon, Navarre, and the Catalonian Counties were created. (A continuación, se crearon los reinos de Aragón y de Navarra; y los condados catalanes.) Finally, the Kingdom of Castile was formed. (Por último, se formó el Reino de Castilla.).

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -After the Muslim conquest, where did the first Christian kingdoms grow? (Después de la conquista musulmana, ¿dónde surgieron los primeros reinos cristianos?) -They grew on the Cantabrian coast and in the Pyrenees. (Surgieron en la costa cantábrica y en los Pirineos.).

After the Muslim conquest, where did the first Christian kingdoms grow?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -How were the first Christian Kingdoms? (¿Cómo eran los primeros reinos cristianos?) -At first, they were small and independent. (Al principio, eran pequeños e independientes.).

How were the first Christian Kingdoms?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -After the Muslim conquest, what was the first Christian kingdom that appeared in the north of the Iberian Peninsula? (Después de la conquista musulmana, ¿cuál fue el primer reino cristiano que apareció en el norte de la península ibérica?) -The first was the Kingdom of Asturias. (El primero fue el Reino de Asturias.).

After the Muslim conquest, what was the first Christian kingdom that appeared in the north of the Iberian Peninsula?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -After a time, in what became the kingdom of Asturias? (Pasado un tiempo, ¿en qué se convirtió el reino de Asturias?) -Later, the Kingdom of Asturias became the Kingdom of Leon. (Más tarde, el Reino de Asturias se convirtió en el Reino de León.).

After a time, in what became the kingdom of Asturias?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -After the Christian kingdom of Asturias, which other Christian kingdoms were created? (Después del reino cristiano de Asturias, ¿qué otros reinos cristianos fueron creados?) -The Kingdoms of Aragon, Navarre, and the Catalonian Counties were created later. (Los reinos de Aragón, Navarra y los condados catalanes se crearon más tarde.).

After the Christian kingdom of Asturias, which other Christian kingdoms were created?.

SECOND PART. Al Andalus. (SEGUNDA PARTE. Al Andalus). -Which was the last Christian kingdom formed during the Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula? (¿Cuál fue el último reino cristiano formado durante la Edad Media en la Península Ibérica?) -The kingdom of Castile was the last Christian kingdom formed during the Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula. (El reino de Castilla fue el último reino cristiano formado durante la Edad Media en la península ibérica.).

Which was the last Christian kingdom formed during the Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula?.