What distinguishes mixed methods research from multimethod studies?
Mixing is not essential in multimethod studies
Multimethod studies involve only qualitative approaches
Mixing occurs across phases in mixed methods but not in multimethod studies
Multimethod studies always use a taxonomy of research designs.
According to Greene (2007), how does she propose distinguishing between
qualitative and quantitative approaches?
By the use of statistical procedures By the nature of research questions By the absence of words in qualitative research By the absence of quantification in qualitative research.
How does the author conceptualize qualitative and quantitative approaches on a
continuum? As polar opposites with no overlap As distinct and inconsistent research strategies As two approaches with no variability As a continuum with overlapping points at the center.
What is emphasized in Table 1.1 regarding the potential gains of using both
qualitative and quantitative approaches in a mixed-method study? Offset the strengths of each method Emphasize the weaknesses of each method Highlight the need for separate studies Emphasize the potential gains of using both approaches.
What is a criticism of the simplistic assumption that qualitative and quantitative
methods are distinct, according to Creswell (2011)?
A false dichotomy A valid and meaningful distinction A binary distinction that holds in practice A clear and consistent research strategy.
How does the book characterize the relationship between qualitative and
quantitative approaches? As rigid and distinct categories As polar opposites As dichotomies As different ends on a continuum.
What is a key characteristic of qualitative research? Focus on statistical procedures Closed-ended questions and responses Inductive style and a focus on individual meaning Final report with a fixed structure.
What is a key characteristic of quantitative research? Focus on individual meaning Inductive style Deductive approach and numbered data analysis Flexible structure in the final report.
What is the core assumption of mixed methods research? Qualitative data is more valuable than quantitative data Integration of qualitative and quantitative data provides additional insight Qualitative and quantitative approaches are incompatible Qualitative and quantitative data should be kept separate.
What does survey research aim to provide? In-depth analysis of a case Comprehensive analysis of the research problem Lived experiences of individuals Numerical description of trends, attitudes, or opinions.
What is the primary focus of experimental research? Exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a
social or human problem Building theories deductively Testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables Deriving a general, abstract theory grounded in the views of participants.
What is a characteristic of narrative research? Examination of shared patterns of behaviors Study of the lives of individuals through stories Description of lived experiences of individuals Deriving a general, abstract theory grounded in the views of participants.
In which mixed-methods design does the researcher first conduct quantitative
research and then builds on the results with qualitative research? Convergent mixed methods Explanatory sequential mixed methods Exploratory sequential mixed methods Basic mixed methods.
Which mixed-methods design involves collecting both qualitative and quantitative
data at roughly the same time? Convergent mixed methods Explanatory sequential mixed methods Exploratory sequential mixed methods Core mixed methods.
What is a challenge of the exploratory sequential mixed methods design? Unequal sample sizes for each phase Difficulty in identifying quantitative results Lack of integration between qualitative and quantitative data Limited applicability in social sciences.
How many central research questions are typically recommended in a qualitative
study? One Two Three Four.
How does the central question differ from sub questions in a qualitative study? It is broader and more exploratory It is narrower and more focused It is theoretical and not practical It is unrelated to the study's focus.
In qualitative research, why is it recommended to begin research questions with
"what" or "how"? To limit participant views To suggest cause-and-effect relationships To convey an open and emerging design To emphasize quantitative thinking.
What is emphasized in a qualitative study by focusing on a single phenomenon or
concept initially? The need for a narrow scope The complexity of the study
The importance of multiple variables
The exploration of multiple phenomena.
Which type of questions is typical in phenomenology according to Moustakas
(1994)? Questions with specific reference to existing literature Questions about cultural contrasts Broadly stated questions without specific reference to existing literature Questions related to verifying data accuracy.
When specifying participants and the research site in qualitative research questions,
what information should be included? Detailed demographic information No specific details are necessary Only participant names Relevant details not yet provided.
What is the primary focus of quantitative research questions? Objectives Relationships among variables Hypotheses Variables.
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in quantitative research? To predict specific outcomes
To make numeric estimates
To state the direction of the study
To suggest no significant difference or relationship.
When using directional hypotheses, what is the researcher predicting?
No relationship
A specific outcome
A broad difference
An unexpected finding.
In writing quantitative research questions or hypotheses, why must independent
and dependent variables be measured separately? To encourage redundancy To reinforce the logic of cause-and-effect To limit the scope of the study To make predictions easier.
What is the purpose of using nondemographic variables as mediating variables in
quantitative studies?
To stand between independent and dependent variables To predict demographic outcomes To limit the influence of variables To verify theories.
Mixed methods research incorporates rigorous methods of data collection, data
analysis, and interpretation for both ________ and ________ data. Quantitative, qualitative Experimental, observational Cross-sectional, longitudinal Nominal, ordinal.
Integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed methods research can be
achieved through ________, ________, ________, or ________. Separating, merging, ignoring, avoiding Describing, interpreting, discussing, validating Combining, explaining, building, embedding Prioritizing, categorizing, eliminating, isolating.
Recent writings tend to use the term ________ to describe the mixed methods
approach. Synthesis Multimethod Integrating Mixed methods.
What is the key assumption in the convergent mixed methods design? Quantitative data is superior to qualitative data. Qualitative and quantitative data provide similar information. Qualitative data is more detailed than quantitative data. Mixed methods are unnecessary in research.
What is the main challenge in merging qualitative and quantitative databases in
convergent design? Different concepts on both sides. Lack of follow-up on conclusions. Unequal sample sizes. Integration is intuitive.
What is the primary intent of the explanatory sequential mixed methods design? Collecting only qualitative data. Building on quantitative results with qualitative data. Analyzing quantitative data first. Avoiding qualitative approaches.
How is the integration achieved in an explanatory sequential design? Analyzing databases simultaneously. Connecting qualitative results to quantitative data collection. Merging databases into a single dataset. Ignoring quantitative results.
What is the key feature of the exploratory sequential mixed methods design? Collecting only quantitative data. Starting with a quantitative phase. Building on qualitative results with quantitative data. Avoiding integration of data.
When is the qualitative sample typically smaller than the quantitative sample in
exploratory sequential design? Always. Never. Only in certain situations. Depends on the researcher's preference.
What is a defining feature of mixed-methods research, according to Creswell and
Plano Clark (2007, 2011)? The exclusion of qualitative methods The use of only quantitative data The mixing of qualitative and quantitative strands The reliance solely on philosophical assumptions.
According to Greene (2008), what is one of the philosophical assumptions
underpinning mixed methods research? Incompatibility between qualitative and quantitative data Lack of value in combining different methods Added value through the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches Preference for using a single method in research.
How does Creswell and Plano Clark (2007) characterize mixed methods research as
a methodology? A method with no philosophical assumptions
A method focused solely on qualitative data
A research design with guiding philosophical assumptions and a method where
qualitative and quantitative strands are mixed
A method excluding the use of taxonomies.
What is a baseline, minimal standard to warrant the designation as mixed methods,
according to the author?
The absence of inductive components
A deductive component only
The presence of a coherent framework
Both a deductive and an inductive component in analytical procedures.
How does the book characterize the relationship between qualitative and quantitative
approaches? As rigid and distinct categories As polar opposites As dichotomies As different ends on a continuum.
What is a key characteristic of qualitative research?
Focus on statistical procedures Closed-ended questions and responses
Inductive style and a focus on individual meaning
Final report with a fixed structure.
What does survey research aim to provide?
In-depth analysis of a case
Comprehensive analysis of the research problem
Lived experiences of individuals
Numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions.
What is a characteristic of narrative research?
Examination of shared patterns of behaviors
Study of the lives of individuals through stories
Description of lived experiences of individuals
Deriving a general, abstract theory grounded in the views of participants.
What is a challenge of the exploratory sequential mixed methods design?
Unequal sample sizes for each phase
Difficulty in identifying quantitative results
Lack of integration between qualitative and quantitative data
Limited applicability in social sciences.
What is the primary focus of research questions in a qualitative study? Objectives
Hypotheses
Research questions
Variables.
How many central research questions are typically recommended in a qualitative
study?
One
Two
Three
Four.
Which of the following is a guideline for writing qualitative research questions?
Include numerous sub questions to narrow down the focus
Begin questions with "why" for causal explanations
Use directional verbs like "impact" and "influence"
Use exploratory verbs related to the study's qualitative strategy.
What is emphasized in a qualitative study by focusing on a single phenomenon or
concept initially?
The need for a narrow scope
The complexity of the study
The importance of multiple variables
The exploration of multiple phenomena.
Which order of word placement is recommended in quantitative research questions
or hypotheses?
Start with the dependent variable and end with the independent variable
Repeat key phrases but use any order for variables
Repeat key phrases and position variables with the independent first and
dependent last Begin with demographic variables and end with non-demographic variables.
A detailed discussion of the primary mixed methods design strategies is typically
accompanied by a figure or diagram illustrating these ________.
Procedures
Results
Challenges
Limitations.
What is the main challenge in merging qualitative and quantitative databases in
convergent design?
Different concepts on both sides.
Lack of follow-up on conclusions.
Unequal sample sizes.
Integration is intuitive.
What is the primary intent of the explanatory sequential mixed methods design?
Collecting only qualitative data.
Building on quantitative results with qualitative data.
Analyzing quantitative data first. Avoiding qualitative approaches.
How is the integration achieved in explanatory sequential design?
Analyzing databases simultaneously.
Connecting qualitative results to quantitative data collection.
Merging databases into a single dataset.
Ignoring quantitative results.
What is the key feature of the exploratory sequential mixed methods design?
Collecting only quantitative data.
Starting with a quantitative phase.
Building on qualitative results with quantitative data.
Avoiding integration of data.
What is a defining feature of mixed methods research according to Creswell and
Plano Clark (2007, 2011)?
The exclusion of qualitative methods
The use of only quantitative data
The mixing of qualitative and quantitative strands
The reliance solely on philosophical assumptions.
According to Greene (2007), how does she propose distinguishing between
qualitative and quantitative approaches?
By the use of statistical procedures
By the nature of research questions
By the absence of words in qualitative research By the absence of quantification in qualitative research.
What is emphasized in Table 1.1 regarding the potential gains of using both
qualitative and quantitative approaches in a mixed-method study?
Offset the strengths of each method
Emphasize the weaknesses of each method
Highlight the need for separate studies
Emphasize the potential gains of using both approaches.
What is a key characteristic of qualitative research?
Focus on statistical procedures
Closed-ended questions and responses
Inductive style and a focus on individual meaning
Final report with a fixed structure.
What is the core assumption of mixed methods research?
Qualitative data is more valuable than quantitative data
Integration of qualitative and quantitative data provides additional insight
Qualitative and quantitative approaches are incompatible
Qualitative and quantitative data should be kept separate.
What does survey research aim to provide?.
In-depth analysis of a case
Comprehensive analysis of the research problem
Lived experiences of individuals
Numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions.
What is a challenge of the exploratory sequential mixed methods design?.
Unequal sample sizes for each phase
Difficulty in identifying quantitative results
Lack of integration between qualitative and quantitative data
Limited applicability in social sciences.
What is the purpose of research designs in a study?
To determine the sample size
To provide specific direction for procedures in a research study
To analyze complex models
To articulate new procedures for data collection.
What is the primary focus of research questions in a qualitative study?
Objectives
Hypotheses Research questions
Variables.
How many central research questions are typically recommended in a qualitative
study?.
One
Two
Three
Four.
When specifying participants and the research site in qualitative research questions,
what information should be included?
Detailed demographic information
No specific details are necessary
Only participant names
Relevant details not yet provided.
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in quantitative research?
To predict specific outcomes
To make numeric estimates
To state the direction of the study
To suggest no significant difference or relationship.
When using directional hypotheses, what is the researcher predicting? No relationship
A specific outcome
A broad difference
An unexpected finding.
Which form of quantitative research is most rigorous and follows from a test of a
theory?
Descriptive study
Group comparisons
Survey that correlates variables
Testing a theory.
In writing quantitative research questions or hypotheses, why must independent and
dependent variables be measured separately?
To encourage redundancy
To reinforce the logic of cause-and-effect
To limit the scope of the study
To make predictions easier.
Integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed methods research can be
achieved through ________, ________, ________, or ________.
Separating, merging, ignoring, avoiding
Describing, interpreting, discussing, validating
Combining, explaining, building, embedding
Prioritizing, categorizing, eliminating, isolating.
Mixed methods research is chosen because it draws on both qualitative and
quantitative research, minimizing the limitations of ________ approaches.
Only qualitative
Only quantitative
Neither qualitative nor quantitative
Both qualitative and quantitative.
At a procedural level, mixed methods is a useful strategy for developing a more
complete understanding of research problems and questions, such as comparing
different perspectives and explaining quantitative results with a qualitative ________
data collection and analysis.
Predictive
Follow-up
Experimental
Cross-sectional.
What is the main challenge in merging qualitative and quantitative databases in
convergent design?
Different concepts on both sides.
Lack of follow-up on conclusions.
Unequal sample sizes.
Integration is intuitive.
How is the integration achieved in explanatory sequential design? Analyzing databases simultaneously.
Connecting qualitative results to quantitative data collection.
Merging databases into a single dataset.
Ignoring quantitative results.
How does Creswell and Plano Clark (2007) characterize mixed methods research as
a methodology?
A method with no philosophical assumptions
A method focused solely on qualitative data
A research design with guiding philosophical assumptions and a method where
qualitative and quantitative strands are mixed
A method excluding the use of taxonomies.
What distinguishes mixed methods research from multimethod studies?
Mixing is not essential in multimethod studies
Multimethod studies involve only qualitative approaches
Mixing occurs across phases in mixed methods but not in multimethod studies Multimethod studies always use a taxonomy of research designs.
What is a baseline, minimal standard to warrant the designation as mixed methods,
according to the author?.
The absence of inductive components
A deductive component only
The presence of a coherent framework
Both a deductive and an inductive component in analytical procedures.
What is emphasized in Table 1.1 regarding the potential gains of using both
qualitative and quantitative approaches in a mixed-method study?.
Offset the strengths of each method
Emphasize the weaknesses of each method
Highlight the need for separate studies
Emphasize the potential gains of using both approaches.
What does survey research aim to provide?..
In-depth analysis of a case
Comprehensive analysis of the research problem
Lived experiences of individuals
Numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions.
Which mixed methods design involves collecting both qualitative and quantitative
data at roughly the same time? Convergent mixed methods
Explanatory sequential mixed methods
Exploratory sequential mixed methods
Core mixed methods.
What is a challenge of the exploratory sequential mixed methods design?..
Unequal sample sizes for each phase
Difficulty in identifying quantitative results
Lack of integration between qualitative and quantitative data
Limited applicability in social sciences.
What is the primary focus of research questions in a qualitative study?
Objectives
Hypotheses
Research questions
Variables.
Which of the following is a guideline for writing qualitative research questions?.
Include numerous sub questions to narrow down the focus
Begin questions with "why" for causal explanations
Use directional verbs like "impact" and "influence"
Use exploratory verbs related to the study's qualitative strategy.
In qualitative research, why is it recommended to begin research questions with
"what" or "how"?
To limit participant views
To suggest cause-and-effect relationships
To convey an open and emerging design
To emphasize quantitative thinking.
Which of the following is NOT a form of using variables in research questions or
hypotheses?
Comparing groups on an independent variable
Relating independent variables to multiple dependent variables
Describing responses to the independent variable
Predicting outcomes for a single variable.
What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in quantitative research?.
To predict specific outcomes
To make numeric estimates
To state the direction of the study
To suggest no significant difference or relationship.
When using directional hypotheses, what is the researcher predicting?.
No relationship
A specific outcome
A broad difference
An unexpected finding.
Which form of quantitative research is most rigorous and follows from a test of a
theory? Descriptive study
Group comparisons
Survey that correlates variables
Testing a theory.
Integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed methods research can be
achieved through ________, ________, ________,, or ________.
Separating, merging, ignoring, avoiding
Describing, interpreting, discussing, validating
Combining, explaining, building, embedding
Prioritizing, categorizing, eliminating, isolating.
Mixed methods procedures are incorporated into a distinct mixed methods design
that indicates the procedures to be used in a study, often informed by a ________ and
a ________.
Model, framework
Hypothesis, theory
Philosophy, worldview
Technique, methodology.
Recent writings tend to use the term ________ to describe the mixed methods
approach.
Synthesis
Multimethod
Integrating
Mixed methods.
What is the main challenge in merging qualitative and quantitative databases in
convergent design?
Different concepts on both sides.
Lack of follow-up on conclusions.
Unequal sample sizes. Integration is intuitive.
What is the primary intent of the explanatory sequential mixed methods design?
Collecting only qualitative data.
Building on quantitative results with qualitative data.
Analyzing quantitative data first.
Avoiding qualitative approaches.
How is the integration achieved in explanatory sequential design?
Analyzing databases simultaneously. Connecting qualitative results to quantitative data collection.
Merging databases into a single dataset.
Ignoring quantitative results.
According to Greene (2008), what is one of the philosophical assumptions
underpinning mixed methods research?
Incompatibility between qualitative and quantitative data
Lack of value in combining different methods
Added value through the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches
Preference for using a single method in research.
According to Greene (2007), how does she propose distinguishing between
qualitative and quantitative approaches?
By the use of statistical procedures
By the nature of research questions. By the absence of words in qualitative research By the absence of quantification in qualitative research.
How does the central question differ from sub questions in a qualitative study?
It is broader and more exploratory
It is narrower and more focused
It is theoretical and not practical
It is unrelated to the study's focus.
Which type of questions is typical in phenomenology according to Moustakas
(1994)?
Questions with specific reference to existing literature
Questions about cultural contrasts
Broadly stated questions without specific reference to existing literature
Questions related to verifying data accuracy.
Challenges of mixed methods research include the need for extensive ________, the
time-intensive nature of analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data, and the
requirement for the researcher to be familiar with both ________ forms of research.
Data collection, qualitative
Data analysis, quantitative
Literature review, experimental
Data collection, quantitative.
How is the inequality in sample sizes resolved in a convergent mixed methods
design?
Qualitative sample is reduced.
Qualitative sample is increased.
Both samples are kept equal.
Unequal sample sizes are considered a non-issue.
|
