1. Research helps practitioners evaluate approaches in real _____. a. classrooms b. subjects c. Educational settings.
2. What is the name for the concept or process that is explored in a qualitative study? a. The intent of the study. b. The participants of the study. c. The central phenomenon. .
3. Which of the following is an example of research informing a policy debate? a. A study regarding the ways in which a teacher can deal with large classes. b. The effect of welfare and its effect on children's schooling among lower income families. c. A study on the effects of teaching via certain approaches.
4. Creswell (2012) would argue that one's experience in the workplace is often the justification and impetus for future... a. Quantitative research. b. Qualitative research. c. Quantitative and qualitative research.
5. Which of the following is a way in which research can help force improvements for professionals in their relative field in practice? a. It can replicate past studies but with a new location or participants. b. It can help create discussion for future legislation. c. Results can be developed which help answer questions and the be put into practice.
6. Which of the following would (according to the theory by Creswell, 2012) be a good research problem for an educational researcher looking to conduct a quantitative study? a. The problems teachers encounter when dealing with immigrant children. b. The effect of specific teaching strategies by the teacher on the performance of his/her students. c. The perspectives of parents when evaluating a native-speaking language teacher.
7. Creswell (2012) would argue that research is important for which three reasons? a. Research adds to our knowledge, gives an educator more credibility and informs policy debates. b. Research adds to our knowledge, improves practice and informs policy debates. c. Research adds to our knowledge, is required by many governments, brings prestige to the institution in which is conducted.
8. Most research theorists would be in accordance with Creswell (2012) in so far as arguing that reviewing the literature plays a larger role in which of the following? a. Mixed Methods Research. b. Qualitative Research. c. Quantitative Research.
9. Having identified a research problem the next logical step for a research is to do what? a. Review the literature. b. Collect some data. c. Specify a purpose for research.
10. A policy maker or legislator is likely to use research in order to... a. weigh different perspectives. b. construct a position on an educational issue. c. concise data on educational matters.
11. A justification of the importance of the problem as found in the past research and in practice would normally be found in which section of your work? a. Methodology b. The purpose statement. c. Problem statement.
12. You can justify your research problem based on evidence from your workplace or your _____. a. school subjects. b. personal experiences. c. imagination.
13. By identifying a deficiency in the past studies, a research... a. shows the need for the study. b. identifies the methodological needs of the research paradigm. c. species the audience of interest-qualitative researchers, quantitative researchers, or practitioners.
14. An author looking to justify the need for their study is likely to talk about their personal experiences in which of the following types of research? a. Quantitative research. b. Qualitative research. c. Both quantitative and qualitative research.
15. If a researcher was to have as his/her topic "distance learning" and "to study why students do not attend distance education classes at a community college" as his/her purpose statement, which of the following would be a suitable research question? a. What are the reasons why distance learning is superior to on-site learning? b. Why is it difficult to get teachers for distance learning courses? c. Does the fear of using the internet deter students from studying via distance learning?.
16. Creswell (2012) claims that there are five ways to assess whether you should research a problem. Which of the following would fall into one of those five brackets? a. A study looking to add to previous research and literature by replicating a similar study however involving different participants and research sites. b. A study which has been sanctioned by the government of the country in which you are living. c. A study which doesn't need much time or resources.
17. Which aspect of the "statement of the problem" does the following statement best illustrate? "By exploring the need for athletic trainers in high schools, school administrators can identify potential issues when trainers are not present and coaches can better understand circumstances when trainers are most needed at athletic contests." a. Audience. b. Deficiency in the literature. c. Justification based on personal experience.
18. What do research questions do? a. They highlight the major intent or objective of the study used to address the problem. b. They narrow the purpose into specific questions that the researcher would like to have answered or addressed in the... c. They offer up the broad subject matter addressed by the study.
19. Which of the following is NOT a criterion used in determining whether a topic is researchable? a. The participants and sites are able to be studied. b. The project can be completed given time, resources, and skill constraints. c. The project has a reasonable chance of being published.
20. An author looking to justify the need for their study is likely to talk about suggestions made by other researchers in wich of the following types of research? a. Quantitative research. b. Qualitative research. c. Both quantitative and qualitative research.
21. Which of the following would be an advantage of using the internet as a resource for a literature review according to Creswell (2012)? a. Select research studies can be printed immediately from websites. b. Most of the information is free to download. c. Research posted to websites is review for quality by "experts.".
22. Research hypotheses are used for which of the following types of research? a. Both quantitative and qualitative. b. Quantitative. c. Qualitative.
23. One advantage of using _____ of literature review is that Websites provide a network that researchers can contact about their topic and research problem. a. e-books b. books c. the internet as a resource.
24. The term used to refer to a visual picture of the relevant research is know as: a. a concept map. b. a literature map. c. a copy.
25. A written summary of articles, books, and other documents describing past research is known as the... a. theoretical development. b. statement of the research problem. c. literature review.
26. A (n) _____ number is the code given to a document for the reference information. a. certification of registration (CR) b. digital object identifier (DOI) c. template code (TC).
27. Which of the following sources gives the original author's viewpoint? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary.
28. Research articles published by educational journals are an example of which type of source? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary.
29. Within qualitative research the main aim of the literature used at the beginning of the study is usually used to do what? a. Justify or document the need for the study. b. Support of modify existing findings in the literature. c. Provide a rationale for the direction of the study.
30. As an author, using the literature to justify or document the need for your current study is typically found in... a. quantitative research. b. qualitative research. c. quantitative and qualitative research.
31. Hypotheses are statements in quantitative research in which the investigator _____ about the outcome of a relationship among attributes or characteristics. a. provides true data b. describes the problem c. makes a prediction or a conjecture .
32. In what type of research are hypotheses generally used? a. Both quantitative and qualitative. b. Quantitative. c. Qualitative.
33. Which of the following would be a suitable definition for a MODERATING variable? a. A special type of independent variable that is of secondary interest and is neutralized through statistical or design procedures. b. An independent variable manipulated by the researcher. c. A special type of independent variable that is of secondary interest and combines with another independent variable to influence the dependent variable.
34. Which of the following would be a suitable definition for a TREATMENT variable? a. A special type of independent variable that is of secondary interest and is neutralized through statistical or design procedures. b. An independent variable manipulated by the researcher. c. A special type of independent variable that is of secondary interest and combines with another independent variable to influence the dependent variable.
35. If we take the following research non-directional hypothesis as an example, what is the dependent variable? There is a difference between rural and city students in terms of language learning performance at Ecuadorian universities. a. City schools. b. Language learning. c. Ecuadorian universities.
36. Which of the following best sums up the characteristics of a variable? a. It can be measured but doesn't vary. b. It can vary but not be measured. c. It can be measured and vary.
37. When thinking about INDEPENDENT variables, they are generally seen as being which of the following? a. The catalyst for an effect. b. The effect caused by another variable. c. The result of a treatment from another variable.
38. When thinking about DEPENDENT variable we should be asking ourselves which of the following questions? a. What outcomes am I trying to explain? b. What variables or factors influence the outcomes? c. What variables do I also need to measure so that i can make sure that my major factors influence outcomes and not other factors?.
39. In what types of research are research objectives typically used? a. Both quantitative and qualitative. b. Quantitative. c. Qualitative.
40. What is the generally agreed upon intent of a research question? a. To give overall direction. b. To make predictions about expectations. c. It raises questions to be answered.
41. The research process implies three basic steps: Pose a question, collect data and _____. a. Write a report b. Look for informants. c. Answer a question.
42. Research makes better educational practice since educators become _____. a. Better students b. Effective professionals c. Statistics.
43. Which of the following sources would be the most appropriate source for an academic theoretical paper when writing a literature review? a. Wikipedia. b. The newspaper "The independent". c. TESOL.
44. Which of the following is the best explanation for what is a "theory" in Educational Research? a. An explanation about the probable relationship between independent and dependent variables. b. A cause and effect proposition. c. The impact of the independent variables on the dependent variables.
45. Which of the following is a way in which research can specifically add to our knowledge base? a. It can help fill a whole in the literature which hasn't previously been studied. b. It can be use practitioners to improve performance. c. It can be used by governments to inform policy decisions.
46. Which of the following is NOT one of the themes in qualitative research according to Creswell (2012)? a. Specific qualitative procedures. b. Naturalistic inquiry. c. Neutral and objective.
47. For school psychologists, superintendents, and teachers, the biggest benefit of educational research to their professional lives is that... a. research can improve practice. b. developing databases is important for accreditation. c. gaining degrees beyond a bachelor's degree is required for continuous improvement, and research is the backbone of further professional schooling.
48. A research-based research problem might be based on a need for further research because a gap exists or _____. a. The topic is too interesting b. The problem is extremely broad that no research is enough c. We need to extend the research into other areas.
49. A "research problem" is ... a. a general education issue, concern, or controversy addressed in research that narrows the topic. b. the broad subject matter addressed by the study. c. The answer to whether you can reject your H1 hypothesis. .
50. What is a "research topic" a. A narrowing of the purpose into a specific idea that the researcher would like to address. b. The major objective of the study used to address the "research problem". c. The broad subject matter addressed by the study.
51. If one was to attempt to distinguish between the topic, research problem, purpose statement and research questions, which of the following would be the least specific? a. Topic. b. Research problem. c. Research questions.
52. Which of the following is NOT a reason we tend to use quantitative research techniques in our research study? a. To measure variables. b. The test theories or broad explanations. c. To learn about the views of individuals.
53. What does the research problem do? a. It highlights the major intent or objective of the study used to address the problem. b.It narrows the purpose into specific questions that the researcher would like answered or addressed in the study. c. It delivers the general educational issue, concern, or controversy addressed in research that narrows the topic.
54. All of the following should be taken into account when deciding to pursue a research question EXCEPT: a. Failure of previous literature to show the anticipated effects. b. Access to site and research participants. c. Resources, time, and technology to study the situation.
55. ERIC is a _____ established in 1966 by the U.S Department of Education and the National Library of Education (NLE). a. national system of information in education b. magazine about research c. government jurisdiction.
56. Within literature reviews for quantitative studies, the citations of previous research are usually found ... a. at the beginning of the article only. b. at the end of the article only. c. at the beginning at end of the article.
57. Literature that does not represent material published by the original researcher of creator of the idea is known as: a. primary source literature. b. secondary source literature. c. Tertiary source literature.
58. Information from a handbook would be an example of which type of source? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary.
59. Within qualitative research, the use of literature at the end of the study is to do which of the following? a. Support of modify existing findings in the literature. b. Confirm or disconfirm prior predictions from the literature. c. Justify or document the need of the study.
60. One characteristic does not belong to the term VARIABLE. Which one is it? a. Varies among individuals or organizations studied. b. Researchers can measure or observe. c. It needs to be mentioned in the conclusions section.
61. Where is the purpose statement traditionally found? a. At the beginning of the methodology. b. At the beginning of the introduction. c. At the end of the introduction.
62. A researcher using AGE as a variable would be aware that this constitutes which of the following types of variable? a. Continuous. b. Categorical. c. Discrete.
63. The following is an example of a purpose statement for what type of research? The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between sexual education in an Ecuadorian high school and teenage pregnancy. a. Quantitative b. Qualitative. c. Both quantitative and qualitative.
64. When thinking about the INDEPENDENT variable we should be asking ourselves which of the following questions? a. What outcomes am I trying to explain? b. What variables or factors influence the outcomes? c. What variables do I also need to measure so that I can make sure that my major factors influence outcomes and not other factors?.
65. When thinking about the CONTROL variable we should be asking ourselves which of the following questions? a. What outcomes am I trying to explain? b. What variables or factors influence the outcomes? c. What variables do I also need to measure so that I can make sure that my major factors influence outcomes and not other factors?.
66. What is the generally agreed upon intent of research hypotheses? a. To give overall direction. b. To make predictions about expectations. c. To raise questions to be answered.
67. Where is the "statement of the problem" section found? a. Introduction. b. Methodology. c. Literature review.
68. Which of the following is not a distinction between qualitative and quantitative research? a. Data from quantitative research are numbers, and data from qualitative research are textual. b. Quantitative data are analyzed using statistics, and qualitative data are analyzed by identifying major themes. c. Quantitative research asks broad questions, and qualitative research asks narrow questions.
69. According to Creswell (2012) what should a research do immediately before analyzing and interpreting his/her data? a. Review the literature. b. Collect some data. c. Specify a purpose for research.
70. Which of the following is NOT a reason we tend to use qualitative research techniques in our research study? a. To asses a process over time. b. To apply results to a large number of people. c. To generate theories based on participant perspectives.
71. Which of the following is NOT normally found in the problem statement? a. Deficiencies in the evidence. b. Hypotheses. c. The research problem.
72. Which of the following would normally be the best place to start your literature review according to Creswell (2012)? a. Public Library. b. State Library. c. Academic Library.
73. If you were to go along with Creswell (2012), how many steps are there when conducting a literature review? a. One. b. Three. c. Five.
74. The first step in conducting a literature review is to identify a few terms that adequately describe your project, which will be used to search databases. These are known as... a. key terms. b. codings. c. the working title.
75. A literature review could be thought of as... a. a written summary of journal articles, books, and other documents that gives a "state of the art" of current research on your topic which will help you to place your study within the theory and literature on the subject. b. an introduction which will lead you to your methodology. c. showing respect to previous authors and acknowledging their work.
76. A journal which summarizes past research would be an example of which type of source? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary.
77. Within quantitative research the use of literature at the beginning of the study is for what purpose? a. To confirm or disconfirm prior predictions from the literature. b. To provide a rationale for the direction of the study. c. To support of modify existing findings in the literature.
78. _____ appear frequently in survey or questionnaire studies or in evaluation research in which investigators have clearly identified objectives. a. Purpose statements. b. Predictions. c. Research objectives.
79. Which of the following best characterizes the purpose statement in qualitative research? a. It is general and broad. b. It seeks measurable outcomes. c. It is specific and narrow.
80. A research using GENDER as a variable would be aware that this constitutes which of the following types of variable? a. Continuous. b. Categorical. c. Continuum. .
81. The following is an example of what? The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore absenteeism from optical sessions in EVA, by undergraduate students in distance programmes at the UTPL. a. Research question. b. Problem statement. c. Purpose statement.
82. In what types of research are research objectives typically used? a. Both quantitative and qualitative. b. Quantitative. c. Qualitative.
83. Creswell (2012) argues that the reporting and evaluating research stage includes deciding on audiences, _____, and writing the report sensitively. a. Collecting data. b. Analyzing data. c. Structuring the report.
84. We compare researchers to bricklayers due to they, in the end, are like the bricks of a wall who create a strong _____. a. structure b. tie c. book.
85. Which of the following is a way in which research can help force improvements for professionals in their relative field in practice? a. It can replicate past studies but with a new location or participants. b. It can help create discussion for future legislation. c. Results can be developed which help answer questions and then be put into practice. .
86. If one was to attempt to distinguish between the topic, research problem, purpose statement and research questions, which of the following would be the most specific? a. Topic. b. Research problem. c. Research questions.
87. Using multiple references in the introduction... a. contradicts personal opinions. b. replaces personal opinions. c. adds scholarly tone to writing.
88. Journal (or periodical) articles and conference papers that report research are _____ for literature review. a. prime resources b. hooks c. statements.
89. The written summary of journal articles, books, and other documents that describes the past and current state of information on the topic of our research study is called _____. a. Research problem b. Literature review c. Introduction.
90. Which of the following is a legitimate concern of source-finding online according to Creswell (2012)? a. Sometimes individuals post articles that have not passed through standards of external reviews. b. Whole text articles are tricky to come across. c. The process is not too convenient because of time constraints.
91. Which of the following statements is true about end-of-text references in APA style? a. They appear in alphabetical order at the end of the manuscript. b. They appear in footnote form at the bottom of the text pages. c. They appear in chronological order by year of publication at the end of the manuscript. .
92. In what types of research are purpose statements generally used? a. Both quantitative and qualitative b. Quantitative c. Qualitative.
93. Which of the following would be a suitable definition for a CONTROL variable? a. A special type of independent variable that is of secondary interest and is neutralized through statistical or design procedures. b. An independent variable manipulated by the researcher. c. A special type of independent variable that is of secondary interest and combines with another independent variable to influence the dependent variable.
94. The following in an example of a purpose statement for what type of research? The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of parents towards sexual education in an Ecuadorian high school. a. Quantitative. b. Qualitative. Both quantitative and qualitative.
95. If we take the following research directional hypothesis as an example, what is the dependent variable? Students from city schools will have higher achievement than students from rural schools in language learning at Ecuadorian universities. a. City schools. b. Rural schools. c. Language learning.
96. What is the generally agreed upon intent of research objectives? a. To state goals to be accomplished. b. To make predictions about expectations. c. To raise questions to be answered.
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