PREPARATION

What does "relevant" mean?. Irrelevant. Important to the topic. Easy. Difficult.

What does "outcome" mean?. Cause. Method. Process. Result.

What does "academic text" usually contain?. Formal language and ideas. Informal language. Jokes. Slang.

Technology has transformed modern education in many ways. In the past, students relied mainly on textbooks and classroom instruction. However, today digital tools such as online platforms, educational apps, and virtual classrooms provide new opportunities for learning. These tools allow students to access information quickly, collaborate with peers, and develop independent learning skills. For instance, students can watch instructional videos to better understand complex topics. In addition, teachers can use interactive activities to increase student engagement. As a result, learning becomes more dynamic and personalized. Nevertheless, there are also challenges. Not all students have equal access to technology, which may create educational gaps. Another important aspect is the development of critical reading skills. Students must learn to skim texts to get the general idea, scan for specific information, and make inferences based on context. These skills are essential for academic success, especially when dealing with large amounts of information. Furthermore, understanding vocabulary in context is crucial. Instead of translating every word, learners should focus on meaning through context clues. This approach improves comprehension and helps students become more confident readers. Overall, technology offers great advantages for education; however, it must be used carefully to ensure equal opportunities and effective learning outcomes. 1. What is the main idea of the text?. Technology harms education. Technology changes education. Books are better. Students dislike technology.

For centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to have captive herds of food animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them. Over time, by allowing only animals with "tame" characteristics to mate and produce offspring, human beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people. Eventually this process led to the domestic farm animals and pets that we know today, many of which would fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient survival skills and instincts. Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild animals, and those species became tamer over time (they generally changed physically, too, developing larger bodies and smaller brains than their wild cousins). But specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication was not simply something people did to animals - the animals played an active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on people's garbage and crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals that were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame them. In this version, people succeeded in domesticating only animals that had already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication required an animal that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with two partners than a triumph of humans over animals. At first glance, the taming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in the Near East and Egypt invented agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in turn, gathered at the same places to prey on the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats, until at some point cats were tame. New studies of wildcats, however, seem to call this theory into question. Wildcats don't share hunting and feeding territories, and they don't live close to people or seek out human settlements as food sources. Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication. They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep, goats. cattle, and horses, they somehow acquired tame cats. By mating the least aggressive cats with one another, they produced animals with increasingly tame qualities. According to traditional theories of domestication, how were wild animals tamed?. aggression and control. selective breeding. Animals that play at home. capturing only smaller animals.

For centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to have captive herds of food animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them. Over time, by allowing only animals with "tame" characteristics to mate and produce offspring, human beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people. Eventually this process led to the domestic farm animals and pets that we know today, many of which would fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient survival skills and instincts. Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild animals, and those species became tamer over time (they generally changed physically, too, developing larger bodies and smaller brains than their wild cousins). But specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication was not simply something people did to animals - the animals played an active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on people's garbage and crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals that were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame them. In this version, people succeeded in domesticating only animals that had already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication required an animal that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with two partners than a triumph of humans over animals. At first glance, the taming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in the Near East and Egypt invented agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in turn, gathered at the same places to prey on the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats, until at some point cats were tame. New studies of wildcats, however, seem to call this theory into question. Wildcats don't share hunting and feeding territories, and they don't live close to people or seek out human settlements as food sources. Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication. They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep, goats. cattle, and horses, they somehow acquired tame cats. By mating the least aggressive cats with one another, they produced animals with increasingly tame qualities. What characteristic of the cat causes a problem for the theory that cats were domesticated like wolves were?. patience. friendliness. greed. independence.

What does "method" mean?. Result. Way of doing something. Idea. Problem.

What does "increase" mean?. Grow. Break. Reduce. Stop.

Which skill is used to understand meaning from context?. Skimming. Scanning. Inferencing. Memorizing.

What does "decrease" mean?. Expand. Improve. Reduce. Grow.

Which strategy helps find a phone number?. Guessing. Summarizing. Scanning. Skimming.

LISTENING 9: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view Douglas Finch was born near Glasgow and attended Allan Glen's School before reading.............................at Glasgow University. Business Administration. Aeronautical Engineering. Private pilot's license. degree.

Which sentence correctly uses a contrast linker?. Therefore, the project was delayed. However, the project was completed successfully. Furthermore, the project failed. In addition, the project failed.

Skimming is used to: Find specific numbers. Understand general ideas. Memorize details. Translate words.

LISTENING 19: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-DCpJf4XfMIi5nup2zfr0-aE6GtLqKA/view YOU WILL HEAR AN INTERVIEW WITH A TRAVEL WRITER CALLED ANNA BRYANT, WHO IS TALKING ABOUT WHAT TO DO WHEN VISITING OTHER COUNTRIES. QUESTION BEFORE TRAVELLING TO ANOTHER COUNTRY, Anna ALWAYS TRIES TO : talk to someone from that country. buy souvenirs everywhere she goes. watch people practicing their traditions. do some background reading.

A student finishes an essay by restating the thesis and summarizing the key points without introducing new information. Why is this an effective conclusion?. It reinforces the essay’s main ideas. It introduces additional evidence. It creates a new argument. It replaces the thesis statement.

LISTENING: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1v-pXw6LfVKpJnTm51wrTKNDXzwy5JVci/view You hear a teacher talking to her class. What is she doing?. encouraging them to complete a challenge. thanking them for taking part in an event. mentioning her daily routine. explaining the results of a competition.

For centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to have captive herds of food animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them. Over time, by allowing only animals with "tame" characteristics to mate and produce offspring, human beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people. Eventually this process led to the domestic farm animals and pets that we know today, many of which would fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient survival skills and instincts. Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild animals, and those species became tamer over time (they generally changed physically, too, developing larger bodies and smaller brains than their wild cousins). But specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication was not simply something people did to animals - the animals played an active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on people's garbage and crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals that were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame them. In this version, people succeeded in domesticating only animals that had already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication required an animal that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with two partners than a triumph of humans over animals. At first glance, the taming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in the Near East and Egypt invented agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in turn, gathered at the same places to prey on the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats, until at some point cats were tame. New studies of wildcats, however, seem to call this theory into question. Wildcats don't share hunting and feeding territories, and they don't live close to people or seek out human settlements as food sources. Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication. They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep, goats. cattle, and horses, they somehow acquired tame cats. By mating the least aggressive cats with one another, they produced animals with increasingly tame qualities. What is suggested in the new theory?. that animals were less afraid than thought. that animals had an active role in their domestication. Any animal is the best option to be domesticated. that wolves and horses were the first to be domesticated.

Which thesis statement is appropriate for a comparison essay?. Education is important. This essay discusses education. While online education offers flexibility, traditional education provides valuable face-to-face interaction. Online education and traditional education are different.

What should be included in the conclusion of an essay?. Detailed statistics. A restatement of the thesis and summary of main ideas. A completely new argument. Additional body paragraphs.

LISTENING 21:https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ccNcJjiZL97NETUJpo8tdTCAoq9TsXp4/view YOU HEAR PART OF AN INTERVIEW WITH A POP SINGER. HOW DOES SHE FEEL ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED?. angry with her tour manager. confused about what happened. glad because she will not travel. embarrassed by her mistake.

A student writes an essay with an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Which essay structure is being used?. Chronological Structure. Narrative Structure. Introduction-Body-Conclusion Structure. Problem-Solution Structure.

LISTENING 10: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view Douglas Finch is to be awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of .................................. Business Administration. Physics. Medicine. Western Europe.

Which of the following is the best thesis statement?. Many people use technology every day. Technology is interesting. Technology has improved education by increasing access to information, communication, and learning opportunities. This essay is about technology.

LISTENING 18: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view Doug Finch will receive his Honorary ........................................... at Bristol Business School. book. grade. degree. specialization.

Scanning is used to: Read every word. Find specific information. Summarize. Understand the main idea.

Scanning a text helps you: Locate specific details. Understand tone. Identify key arguments. Write summaries.

What does "data" mean?. Facts or information. Opinions. Stories. Questions.

Which element is usually found at the end of the introduction?. Thesis statement. Topic sentence. Conclusion. Supporting detail.

Which part of an essay is designed to capture the reader’s attention?. Body paragraph. Hook. Conclusion. Thesis statement.

LISTENING 14: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view In 1973 he was awarded the Royal Aeronautical Club Silver Medal for the first balloon flight .................................... over Bristol. over Africa. over the Alps. over Glasgow.

LISTENING 8: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1inSpvi6EC7h0QXpbomBbF9vuwpZzggTk/view YOU HEAR A FITNESS EXPERT TALKING ABOUT WARMING UP BEFORE EXERCISE. He says that people don't always warm up because they: want their exercise sessions to be quick. don't enjoy preparation exercises. have not been educated about its importance. think it is dull for sure.

What does "approach" mean?. Result. Solution. Way or method. Problem.

What does "factor" mean?. Result. Opinion. Conclusion. Cause or element.

LISTENING 22: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jE5TGEY3vBWqO7v8LXUn8KLLnffyQFLt/view YOU HEAR PART OF A RADIO PROGRAMME FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. WHAT ADVICE DOES THE SPEAKER GIVE?. Encourage other people to be like you. start a fight immediately. Pay no attention to the people who laugh at you. Try to discuss the matter with your friends.

For centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to have captive herds of food animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them. Over time, by allowing only animals with "tame" characteristics to mate and produce offspring, human beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people. Eventually this process led to the domestic farm animals and pets that we know today, many of which would fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient survival skills and instincts. Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild animals, and those species became tamer over time (they generally changed physically, too, developing larger bodies and smaller brains than their wild cousins). But specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication was not simply something people did to animals - the animals played an active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on people's garbage and crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals that were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame them. In this version, people succeeded in domesticating only animals that had already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication required an animal that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with two partners than a triumph of humans over animals. At first glance, the taming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in the Near East and Egypt invented agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in turn, gathered at the same places to prey on the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats, until at some point cats were tame. New studies of wildcats, however, seem to call this theory into question. Wildcats don't share hunting and feeding territories, and they don't live close to people or seek out human settlements as food sources. Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication. They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep, goats. cattle, and horses, they somehow acquired tame cats. By mating the least aggressive cats with one another, they produced animals with increasingly tame qualities. What characteristic of the cat causes a problem for the theory that cats were domesticated like wolves were?. greed. patience. friendliness. independence.

In an essay about social media, Ana writes the following paragraph: "Social media helps people communicate instantly. For example, students can collaborate on projects through messaging apps." What is the function of the second sentence?. Hook. Thesis statement. Supporting detail. Conclusion.

What does the academic word "analyze" mean?. To ignore. To memorize. To describe briefly. To examine in detail.

LISTENING 12: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view In 1968 he was issued with the first ever .........................................for Hot Air Balloons. Private Pilot’s Licence. Medic license. Scientific license. Taxi driver license.

LISTENING 2: https://drive.google.com/file/d/13HCcn2Ngb_g2zM5J6Eryboc5aHrjVdwE/view YOU HEAR TWO FRIENDS TALKING ABOUT LEARNING TO SKI. What do they agree about?. how difficult it is to learn the techniques. how much fun the classes are. how good they are at that sport. how physically tiring the activities can be.

What does "significant" mean?. Small. Unimportant. Important. Difficult.

What does "evaluate" mean in academic contexts?. To read quickly. To copy. To judge value or quality. To repeat.

What is the primary purpose of the introduction in an essay?. To introduce the topic and present the thesis statement. To summarize the entire essay. To list references. To provide supporting evidence.

What does "interpret" mean?. Translate word by word. Copy text. Ignore text. Explain meaning.

What does "identify" mean?. Forget. Ignore. Recognize. Hide.

What is the primary purpose of an opinion essay?. To defend a position with evidence. To summarize a text. To describe an event. To compare two objects.

LISTENING 17: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view Doug Finch has advanced the science, technology, and art of balloon flight to ........................................ the highest level. the lowest level. the beginner level. the conditioned level.

LISTENING 13: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view The Golden Falcon was designed specifically to fly ...................................................... across Middle East. across South America. across the Sahara. across Bristol.

Skimming a text helps you: Translate sentences. Learn vocabulary. Get the main idea quickly. Find dates.

What does "conduct research" mean?. Avoid research. Copy research. Perform research. Stop research.

What does "summarize" mean?. Explain in detail. Translate. Give a short version. Compare ideas.

LISTENING 16: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18T4hfhqShAH5LDzixJ0BUNXIO0d3Hq57/view Bristol is considered the undisputed ........................................ of the world. iron manufacturing capital. Clothing manufacturing capital. Medals manufacturing capital. balloon manufacturing capital.

For centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to have captive herds of food animals, began capturing wild animals and breeding them. Over time, by allowing only animals with "tame" characteristics to mate and produce offspring, human beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people. Eventually this process led to the domestic farm animals and pets that we know today, many of which would fare quite badly in the wild, having lost their ancient survival skills and instincts. Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did capture and breed useful wild animals, and those species became tamer over time (they generally changed physically, too, developing larger bodies and smaller brains than their wild cousins). But specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication was not simply something people did to animals - the animals played an active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on people's garbage and crops and getting used to human presence and activity. Individual animals that were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced offspring that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to capture and tame them. In this version, people succeeded in domesticating only animals that had already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication required an animal that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with two partners than a triumph of humans over animals. At first glance, the taming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in the Near East and Egypt invented agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in turn, gathered at the same places to prey on the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats, until at some point cats were tame. New studies of wildcats, however, seem to call this theory into question. Wildcats don't share hunting and feeding territories, and they don't live close to people or seek out human settlements as food sources. Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication. They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep, goats. cattle, and horses, they somehow acquired tame cats. By mating the least aggressive cats with one another, they produced animals with increasingly tame qualities. Why is the word "dance" used in the 3rd paragraph?. Humans dance with animals. there were two active partners. that it was complex and not simple to understand. that animals and humans were close.

LISTENING 6: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gZKIAAJEd_-DinMr4nU9Zx8Ygus_ZDkf/view YOU HEAR TWO FRIENDS TALKING ABOUT A TV PROGRAMME THEY HAVE WATCHED. WHAT DOES THE WOMAN THINK ABOUT IT ?. It discussed interesting new research. It raised surprising arguments. It contained some useful tips. It was an incredible few news.