PREPARATION FOR INTERNATIONAL EXAMS

What does "relevant" mean?. Difficult. Easy. Irrelevant. Important to the topic.

Which skill is used to understand meaning from context?. Memorizing. Scanning. Skimming. Inferencing.

Skimming a text helps you: Get the main idea quickly. Learn vocabulary. Translate sentences. Find dates.

Skimming is used to: Memorize details. Find specific numbers. Understand general ideas. Translate words.

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops. What is the meaning of the word 'forced' in the penultimate paragraph?. the wise men were given no choice. time became a lot more important. the crops wouldn't grow without the calendars. it was critical for survival.

Scanning is used to: Read every word. Summarize. Understand the main idea. Find specific information.

What does "decrease" mean?. Grow. Reduce. Expand. Improve.

What does "academic text" usually contain?. Informal language. Slang. Formal language and ideas. Jokes.

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops. How did the concept of seasons become understood?. with the introduction of early calendars. by noting the differences in temperature. by tracking the sun's movements through the months. by measuring the length of the days.

What does "outcome" mean?. Process. Method. Cause. Result.

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops. Why did the move towards farming require a better understanding of time?. because they needed to have traditional celebrations at the same time every year. because they wanted to know when animals would give birth. because looking after animals required it. so that crops were grown at the right time of the year.

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops. Why is time such a difficult concept to understand?. it's always moving. it's always changing. it's been misunderstood since pre-history. it's not tangible.

What does "significant" mean?. Difficult. Unimportan. Important. Small.

Scanning is used to: Summarize. Understand the main idea. Find specific information. Read every word.

Scanning a text helps you: Write summaries. Identify key arguments. Locate specific details. Understand tone.

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops. How would an early human have defined a 'month'?. the number of days from one phase of the moon's cycle and then back to the same point again. the number of days between a full moon and a new moon. the number of days between a full moon and a new moon.

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something changes. In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. Humans always have noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness. The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equalled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month. Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to developed calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months. When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops. How were early humans able to begin measuring time?. the movements of objects they saw every day. by working both at night and during the day. by counting the objects in the sky. by following the sun to the west.

What does "increase" mean?. Stop. Break. Reduce. Grow.

What does "process" mean?. Opinion. Idea. End result. Series of steps.

Which skill is used to understand meaning from context?. Memorizing. Inferencing. Scanning. Skimming.

What does "conduct research" mean?. Perform research. Stop research. Avoid research. Copy research.

Which thesis statement is appropriate for a comparison essay?. Education is important. Online education and traditional education are different. While online education offers flexibility, traditional education provides valuable face-to-face interaction. This essay discusses education.

What does "method" mean?. Idea. Way of doing something. Problem. Result.

What does "approach" mean?. Problem. Result. Solution. Way or method.

What does "identify" mean?. Forget. Ignore. Recognize. Hide.

Which transition word indicates contrast?. Moreover. Therefore. However. In addition.

Which part of an essay is designed to capture the reader’s attention?. Conclusion. Body paragraph. Hook. Thesis statement.

. What does "compare" mean?. Show differences only. Ignore details. Show similarities and differences. Memorize.

Skimming a text helps you: Get the main idea quickly. Find dates. Learn vocabulary. Translate sentences.

Which sentence best represents a topic sentence?. According to a recent study, students spend three hours online daily. Online learning offers several advantages for university students. In conclusion, online learning is beneficial. For example, students can attend classes from home.

What does "define" mean?. Explain differences. Give meaning. traslate. compare.

What does the acadenic word "analyze" mean?. to memorize. to ignore. to describe briefly. to examine in detail.

What does "conclude" mean?. End or mummarize. Begin. compare. explain.

Which element is usually found at the end of the introduction?. Conclusion. Topic sentence. Thesis statement. Supporting detail.

What does "decrease" mean?. Expand. Reduce. Improve. Grow.

What is the primary purpose of an opinion essay?. To compare two objects. To describe an event. To defend a position with evidence. To summarize a text If you can read a clock, you can know the.

How does Anna feel about her language skills?. a.regretful that she didn't pay more attention at school. b.she is totally concerned about her grammar skills. c.amazed by how many languages she has acquired. d.confident that she can communicate fairly easily.

What does "evaluate" mean in academic contexts?. a.To judge value or quality. b.To copy. c.To read quickly. d.To repeat.

Which sentence correctly uses a contrast linker?. a.Therefore, the project was delayed. b.Furthermore, the project failed. c.In addition, the project failed. d. However, the project was completed successfully.

What should be included in the conclusion of an essay?. a.A restatement of the thesis and summary of main ideas. b.A completely new argument. c.Detailed statistics. d. Additional body paragraphs.

John writes an essay about climate change. His introduction begins with the question, "What will happen if global temperatures continue to rise?" Which element of essay structure is John using?. a.Supporting detail. b.Hook. c.Concluding statement. d.Topic sentence.

What does "data" mean?. a.Questions. b.Opinions. c.Facts or information. d.Stories.

What should be included in the conclusion of an essay?. a.A restatement of the thesis and summary of main ideas. b.A completely new argument. c.Detailed statistics. d. Additional body paragraphs.

A student finishes an essay by restating the thesis and summarizing the key points without introducing new information. Why is this an effective conclusion?. a.It creates a new argument. b.It introduces additional evidence. c.It reinforces the essay’s main ideas. d.It replaces the thesis statement.

student writes an essay with an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Which essay structure is being used?. a. Introduction-Body-Conclusion Structure. b.Problem-Solution Structure. c. Narrative Structure.

What does "evidence" mean?. a.Proof. b.Question. c.Guess. d.Opinion.

What is the primary purpose of the introduction in an essay?. a.To summarize the entire essay. b. To introduce the topic and present the thesis statement. c.To provide supporting evidence. d.To list references.

What does "summarize" mean?. a.Translate. b.Give a short version. c.Compare ideas. d.Explain in detail.

Which part of an essay is designed to capture the reader’s attention?. a.Thesis statement. b. Hook. c.Body paragraph. d. Conclusion.

What does "approach" mean?. a.Problem. b.Result. c.Solution. d.Way or method.

Which strategy helps find a phone number?. a.Scanning. b.Skimming. c.Summarizing. d.Guessing.

Emma writes an essay about renewable energy. In one paragraph, she discusses solar energy, provides examples, and explains its benefits. This paragraph is most likely part of the: a.Introduction. b. Reference section. c. Body. d.Conclusion.

What does "contrast" mean?. a.Explain reasons. b.Show differences. c.Show similarities. d.Summarize.

Which strategy helps find the topic quickly?. a.Translating. b.Skimming. c.Memorizing. d.Scanning.

Which sentence best represents a topic sentence?. a.Online learning offers several advantages for university students. b. For example, students can attend classes from home. c.According to a recent study, students spend three hours online daily. d.In conclusion, online learning is beneficial.

What does "factor" mean?. a.Opinion. b.Conclusion. c.Result. d.Cause or element.

In an essay about social media, Ana writes the following paragraph: "Social media helps people communicate instantly. For example, students can collaborate on projects through messaging apps." What is the function of the second sentence?. a.Supporting detail. b .Thesis statement. c.Hook. d.Conclusion.

What is the purpose of revision?. a.To remove evidence. b.To improve clarity and organization. c.To shorten every paragraph. d.To add random information.

What does "conduct research" mean?. a.Avoid research. b.Perform research. c.Stop research. d.Copy research.

What does "interpret" mean?. a.Translate word by word. b.Explain meaning. c.Copy text. d.Ignore text.

Which of the following is the best thesis statement?. a.This essay is about technology. b.Technology is interesting. c.Many people use technology every day. d.Technology has improved education by increasing access to information, communication, and learning opportunities.

What is the primary purpose of a body paragraph?. a.Summarize the essay. b.Introduce the topic. c. Develop and support the thesis. d.Present references.

What does "relevant" mean?. a.Important to the topic. b.Difficult. c.Easy. d.Irrelevant.