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Public Health
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Public Health Descripción: School test Autor: Zulay Baro OTROS TESTS DEL AUTOR Fecha de Creación: 30/09/2023 Categoría: Ciencia Número Preguntas: 87 |
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Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care? Politicians are discussing how to improve health care. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system. Our national health care costs keep increasing The new health care system offers free services to Americans. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this involvement important? Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very visible in American media. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care system. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed? There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical centers. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer. . Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis? Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices? . Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed. . All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices. . Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and environmental changes needed for well-being. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients? What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients? Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help increase and expand the number of professionals available. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care. What is the community health nursing definition of health? Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or wholeness. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in meeting daily existence Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being. How does community health nursing define community? A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries A group of persons who share a common identity and environment . A group of persons who work together to meet common goals A group of persons who resolve a community concern. . Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health? Behavior choices made by persons in the community Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.) The number and credentials of public health officials in the community. What change could most effectively lead to a longer life span in Americans? Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school systems Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal highways, and changing the age limit for driving to 21 years of age . The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as expensive,becoming the social norm. What is the health issue causing the most concern in the United States today? Diabetes epidemic Increase in cardiac disease Increase in obesity Rise in cancer rates. What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past 100 years? Better nutrition and family planning options Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention. Why would a public health nurse want to know about morbidity and mortality statistics on the local, state, and national level? To be able to share current trends in health problems with the community To be able to observe the community’s statistics over time and compare the community with other communities To justify local budgets and the need for increased income from citizens To publicize current health issues and suggest appropriate actions to citizens. How do public health efforts differ from medical efforts in improving the health of our citizens? Medical care providers autonomously choose appropriate interventions, whereas public health care providers must engage in whatever actions legislation requires. Medical care providers are self-employed or agency employed, whereas public health care providers are employed by and paid through the government. Medical care providers focus only on individuals, whereas public health care providers focus only on aggregates. Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management, whereas public health care providers focus on health promotion and disease prevention. Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school’s number of unwed pregnancies? Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be. Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures. Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school daycare center for children born to school students Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care. What would be the proper term for the action of the school health nurse arranging for all the students in the elementary school to receive H1N1 immunizations? Health education Secondary prevention Specific protection Tertiary prevention. Which action would probably result in the largest change in health care outcomes for Americans? Establish large numbers of scholarships for education of nurses, physicians, and other health care providers. Fund a one-time extremely large stimulus to allow all health care providers and agencies to create and integrate computer network systems for client health care records. Increase funding for hospitals and medical centers to expand their neighborhood clinics. Redirect a large portion of federal funding from acute care to health promotion activities. . Which task will be most helpful in meeting the public health agency’s goals? Complete staff evaluations in preparation for individual meetings to plan their agency and individual goals for the next year Actively participate in community agencies’ collaborative action plan to meet the community’s health goals for the year Meet with the college of nursing faculty to finalize student objectives and schedules for the next semester. Teach a free course in healthful living for community residents. A community health nurse is overwhelmed with all that needs to be done in one day. Which task could most easily be postponed? Reviewing the most recent hospital patient data collected by the local college of nursing Deciding which of several possible new clinic options would be most effective in better meeting the needs of the local community Evaluating the results of the most recent community-wide screening program before planning for the next community health program . Evaluating the results of the most recent community-wide screening program before planning for the next community health program. A nurse who works on the surgical unit at the local hospital was asked by the home health unit to make a home visit to a patient who had been discharged the previous day and to give follow-up care (for overload pay). What kind of nursing would this nurse be doing? Acute care hospital nursing Community-based nursing Community health nursing Public health nursing. Which task is most crucial for the community health nurse to do well? Review the most recent morbidity and mortality data Create a new clinic to better meet local health needs. Evaluate the results of the recent screening program. Give testimony regarding proposed state health legislation. A new public health nurse carefully assessed all the local mortality and morbidity data in preparation for making appropriate planning suggestions at a meeting next week. What other action is crucial before the nurse can feel prepared? Ask other nursing staff their perceptions of the community’s needs. Assess the nurse’s own assets, strengths, and ability to contribute. Meet members of the community to determine their culture and values. Review discussions and decisions from previous meetings. Why are high-risk and vulnerable subpopulations identified by public health nurses before deciding on appropriate interventions? It is easiest to make improvements among these groups. Populations are not homogeneous, and resources are limited. Such groups are most vocal about their needs and wants. These groups are often recipients of special funding. A nurse works hard to develop alliances among various community organizations toward improving health in the community. What are actions such as this called? Building coalitions Collaboration Communication Community cooperation. After completing a master’s degree, a nurse took a course in marketing. Should the agency reimburse the nurse’s tuition costs? No, courses taken for personal enjoyment are not eligible. No, courses taken outside the professional’s responsibilities are not eligible. Yes, the nurse is demonstrating professional commitment by continuing education. Yes, the nurse could use such information in social marketing for the agency. Which factor is most responsible for differences in an individual’s health? Culture of the majority of the community’s citizens Individual’s education and income Number of physicians and other health care providers in the community Quality of the community health agency and hospital in the community. What are the leading health indicators found in Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.) Financial issues Health system issues Individual behaviors Issues related to legal and illegal immigration Legislative issues Physical and social environmental factors. What historically have been public health nurses’ two most important priorities? (Select all that apply.) Establishing school nursing to improve care of children Engaging in political activity to improve living conditions Giving superb clinical bedside care in the home Increasing funding to public health efforts Teaching family members how to care for their family Working with the community to confront health issues and poverty. Based on Healthy People 2010, what are the two primary goals of Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.) Eliminate health disparities. Expand health promotion activities in every community. Improve funding, including diverting funds from other priorities to health care. Improve health outcomes measures to be more consistent with other developed nations’ outcomes Increase quality and years of healthy life. Reduce mortality and morbidity figures nationwide. An epidemiologist has written a summary of a food poisoning outbreak, including its cause and ways to prevent it from occurring in the future. Which best describes what has been done Analytic epidemiology Descriptive epidemiology Prospective cohort study Retrospective cross-sectional survey. Two brothers played with their cousin. One brother later became quite ill, whereas the other did not. Which provides the best explanation for this occurrence? Difference in length of time exposed Difference in how actively the children played Difference in genetic inheritance between the two brothers Difference in lifestyle between the two brothers. In which circumstance would it be more helpful to use the wheel model of epidemiology than the epidemiological triangle model? When factors outside the triangle model are involved When there are multiple causes for a chronic disease When research has not yet determined the exact cause When trying to explain the situation to a lay person. Which best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons? People want an explanation of why they are ill. Knowing causes helps obtain funds for research to try to create a cure. Finding variables that are susceptible to prevention or early intervention is important. It is important to educate communities on how to avoid any risk factors. Which best describes the advantage of the web of causation model in comparison with the epidemiological triangle model? The web of causation model is easier to understand and use. The web of causation model is more widely known and publicized. The web of causation model is more recent and current. The web of causation model shows the relationships among variables. Which has been determined to be a major variable in transmission of sexually transmitted infections? The pathogenesis of the involved agents The susceptibility of the host The environment in which the hosts live The amount of sex education provided in the schools. A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular disease were currently occurring in the community. Which action should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be planned? Analyze whether the disease was a priority to the nurse’s agency Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease Determine what resources are available to intervene Share the findings with the public health agency leadership. People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. Which would be most helpful for the local media to report to keep citizens informed? The ongoing incidence rate The ongoing prevalence of the illness How many were hospitalized How many had died so far in local hospitals and care facilities. When trying to determine whether the swine flu outbreak was getting worse, which rate should be carefully observed? The crude death rate The age-specific death rate The swine flu incidence rate The swine flu prevalence rate. A newspaper published an article stating that the athletic banquet at the local high school had approximately 1000 family members in attendance. Exactly 650 persons became ill within 24 hours, complaining of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and cramping. Which best describes the attack rate? 650 persons 1000 persons 650:1000 . 6.5%. In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of January were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate? As an acute condition, flu would have the higher prevalence rate. As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate. Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because people can get flu several times in one season Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because it is so contagious. Which statement best describes why the incidence and prevalence of gonorrhea is unknown? Gonorrhea is not a reportable condition Gonorrhea can vary in how long the infection remains in the body. Gonorrhea can be cured with antibiotics, so people do not remain infected. People are ashamed to admit they have gonorrhea. Which group should be used to determine the community’s pregnancy rate? All persons between 15 and 45 years old in the community The total population of the community The total population of women in the community Women between 15 and 45 years old in the community. Which research study would determine the attributable risk of a sedentary lifestyle in cardiac disease? Measuring all cases of cardiac problems in a specific community Comparing the number of persons with cardiac disease among athletes with the number among nonathletes in a community Subtracting the rate of cardiac disease among athletes from the rate of cardiac disease among nonathletes Calculating the relative risk and then subtracting the attack rate to determine the attributable risk. A nurse conducted a study of two skin lotions: (1) an inexpensive one and (2) an expensive one. The nurse found that there was a relative risk of 0.7 for skin sores using the inexpensive one and a relative risk of 1.2 using the expensive one. Which skin lotion should the nurse use? Impossible to tell from the data given It made no difference which lotion was used The expensive lotion The inexpensive lotion. Which best describes a model that demonstrates the progression of disease from prepathogenesis through disease outcome? Epidemiological model Ecosocial model Natural history model Wheel model. A student athlete receives a screening examination before being active in school sports.Which level of prevention is being used? Health prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention. For which would a screening test be most appropriate? Disease A, which must be caught early because society punishes those known to have the disease Disease B, which can be controlled if caught early in the disease process Disease C, which people need to know whether they have contracted, even thoughthere is no treatment for the disease Disease D, because people may want to use that information in family planning. One hundred women received notification that their screening tests suggested that they might have a serious health problem. Which action should the nurse take to ensure that they will complete follow-up testing? Compliment them on their willingness to be tested and suggest an immediate appointment before they have too much time to think about the issue. Imply that the test could be wrong; the testing materials may not be effective, but the only way to be sure is to be tested further. Point out that screening is only suggestive and that not all positive screenings mean they actually have the health problem. Reassurance is not therapeutic; reality must be faced. Emphasize the need for immediate treatment. Which would be the best method to increase the positive predictive value of a screening test? Test a large population at once Test a group at high risk for the health problem Use a very sensitive screening test Use a very specific screening test. Which is the most effective way to determine if Healthy People 2020 is improving the health of Americans? Availability of relatable data on total population’s health problems Comprehensive and systematically collected surveillance data on the health status of various population groups Increased financing to allow ongoing collation of information Willingness of individuals to share health information with the federal government. A researcher is examining potential risk factors in comparison with disease at a specific time through collecting data regarding current exercise, sleep patterns, and current health status among 12-year-olds. Which research study would be most appropriate? Cross-sectional study Prospective study Retrospective study True experiment. A researcher, interested in the onset of early menses, compared the life experiences and history of 1000 14-year-old girls, half of whom had monthly periods and half of whom did not, to determine what variables might be observed. Which would be the most appropriate categorization of this study? Cross-sectional study Prospective study Retrospective study True experiment. One famous study followed a cohort of nurses over their lives, collecting data and health histories as they aged. Which would be the most appropriate categorization of this study? Cross-sectional study Prospective study Retrospective study True experiment. A researcher wanted to engage in the best possible research design to obtain reliable information about the possible cause(s) of a disease. Which design would the researcher choose? Cross-sectional study Descriptive study Prospective study Retrospective study. A researcher has limited time and funds. Which research design would be most appropriate? Cohort study Incidence study Longitudinal study Retrospective study. On the basis of findings related to elevated blood levels of cholesterol, a researcher wanted to determine whether a new drug would notably lower the blood levels of cholesterol in otherwise healthy persons. Which study would the researcher most likely use? Cross-sectional study Experimental study Prospective study Retrospective study. A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency? Relative risk factor Agent factor Environment factor Host factor. Which best describes the Tuskegee Syphilis Study? It provided excellence in research design. It used an extensive subject base leading to confirmed conclusions It developed information about the causes and treatment of syphilis It implemented unethical and racist treatment of uninformed subjects. An epidemiologist is gathering data to determine which factors may lead to disease. Which data will be gathered? (Select all that apply.) Demographic characteristics Disease characteristics Geographic data Health protection measures taken Length of the disease process When disease struck the area. Which information must be analyzed to derive an adequate explanation of disease? (Select all that apply.) Description of commonalities among those who became il Depiction of the possible pathogen Explanation of the health care system in the community Portrayal of the geographic area where people became ill Review of the methods by which disease can be spread Substances that are effective in sanitizing the area described. Which best describes the advantage of the ecosocial epidemiology model over both the web of causation model and the epidemiological triangle model? (Select all that apply.) It decreases the focus on the individual person. It demonstrates the usefulness of molecular epidemiology in disease prevention. It emphasizes the role of complex political and economic context. It is more useful in public policy campaigns in explaining what people need to do to protect themselves. It reflects the current emphasis on ecology and the environment. . Its use suggests possible public policy interventions. Which factors are necessary to assume there might be a cause-effect relationship between a particular variable A and a specific illness? (Select all that apply.) It is easy to understand how the variable A could lead to the illness. Research studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between variable A and the illness. The illness is frequently seen without the presence of variable A. The more of variable A present, the sicker the person becomes. Variable A is always found after the person becomes ill. Variable A is never found in the presence of other illnesses. A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test? (Select all that apply.) Many persons have true negative test results. Persons who test negative are able to celebrate their healthy state. Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests. Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told they are disease free and hence do not receive care. There is no problem; it is best to use the most sensitive screening test available Persons who have the disease are notified and receive treatment. Which best describes the principal factor behind ongoing legislation on the federal level related to health care? Change is needed to reflect differences in health needs today. Efforts must be put in place to control constantly increasing costs. There is a need to focus on the population as a whole. Technological breakthroughs should be expanded. Which best describes the most common organization for receiving personal health care in the United States today? A group of physicians all in a particular specialty group who share an office Community health center that includes educational and social services Fee for service by a physician in practice by himself or herself Managed care organization with capitated payments to providers, both professionals and organizations. Which best describes how voluntary health agencies fit into the overall health care system? They fill in the gaps between services offered by private and public health systems. They primarily serve as sources of financial aid for the underserved They supplement the effort of the public health care system. They support research, education, and services for particular groups of patients. Which level of government primarily establishes regulations and provides funding for health care? Federal government Local health departments Regional health districts State health departments. Which federal agency is responsible for administering most of the federal health-related activities? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) National Institutes of Health (NIH). Which federal agency is responsible for the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program, food stamps, and school-based nutrition programs? Aid to Dependent Children Department Department of Agriculture Department of Education Department of Health and Human Services. Which best describes the approach to health care used by states? Federal funding encourages experimentation in creating new programs. Insurance regulations concerning reimbursement cross state lines. Information about successful programs is known to legislators. States frequently develop new programs as federal funds become available to pay for them. Which has led to the more recent focus on cooperation between the state and the federal level in relation to public health? The emphasis of Healthy People 2020 The ongoing continued restriction of financial resources The new presidential administration’s goals The threat of bioterrorism. Which health care provider organization is seeing an increase in the demand for their services? Physician practice Hospice service Hospitals . Long-term care facilities. Which advanced nurse does not have advanced education in a clinical specialty? Clinical nurse leader Clinical nurse specialist Nurse midwife Nurse practitioner. Which best describes the effect of President Clinton’s Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry report (1999)? Created improvement in both physician and nurse educational programs Demonstrated the incredible influence on health care made by the insurance industry Increased national interest in improving health care and seeking reform Stimulated the Institute of Medicine to explore quality in more depth. Which best describes one of the current goals for the HHS? Mandate minimum nurse to patient staffing ratios Decrease medical malpractice claims Monitor for health care fraud and abuse Advance scientific knowledge and innovation. Who primarily provides care for military personnel, their families, and veterans, as well as Native Americans? Federal government Local health departments Regional health districts State health departments. Which accurately describes the impact that the ACA had on expanding Medicaid? There was no impact as Medicaid is funded by state governments. Each state determined if they would accept the federal expansion of Medicaid. Program enrollment decreased as less money was invested in Medicaid. The cases of fraud and abuse within the Medicaid system rose. Which statement best describes the significance of the Health Plan Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)? Data are publicized so consumers can make informed decisions about where to go for care. Data are used to measure performance in the accreditation of managed care organizations (MCOs). Obvious improvement in the provision of health care has resulted from requiring health care providers to collect and analyze such data. Physicians and other health care providers can publicize the data to market their services to new clients. Which statement about the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is accurate? The AHRQ provides funding for medical and nursing research studies. The AHRQ implements strategies to eliminate health disparities across the country. The AHRQ works to improve the safety of the health care system by publishing clinical guidelines. The AHRQ is a division of the Institute of Medicine. Which report states that nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training? Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment Priority Areas for National Action The Future of Nursing. Which best describes a health disparity that exists in the United States? Caucasians have higher rates of mortality than minority groups Caucasians have increased access to see specialist physicians. Minority groups have increased access to government insurance options. Minority groups have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions than Caucasians. Which functions are responsibilities of the states? (Select all that apply. Delegating power to localities and holding them accountable for results Creating managed health organizations to decrease state health care costs Establishing and managing local health departments Licensure of professional health care providers Overseeing all insurance programs Providing access to necessary health services. Which activities would be a responsibility of local health departments? (Select all that appl Ensuring quality of nursing education programs Determining the safety of residents’ wells Establishing requirements for professionals to maintain their licensure Providing free health screenings Providing health education programs on proper nutrition Inspecting restaurants. Which best describes how complementary and alternative therapies differ from traditional health care? (Select all that apply.) Alternative therapies have been documented as ineffective. Complementary medicine is expanding because of paid media coverage. Nurses rarely are involved in complementary or alternative therapies. Providers vary in training and licensure. Reimbursement is often unavailable. Alternative therapies lack any research related to their effectiveness. Which would be offered as part of the community health services of a local health department? (Select all that apply.) Immunization programs Food inspection programs Health promotion education School-based clinics Maternal-child programs Community-based mental health programs. Which would most likely be found in a patients’ bill of rights? gave? (Select all that apply.) A statement about guaranteeing confidentiality A statement about how to create a living will A statement about who has access to the client’s medical information A statement about completing the patient satisfaction survey A statement about who will be the payer of the services provided . A statement about patient autonomy when making decisions. Which describes why a health care agency would want to achieve accreditation? (Select all that apply.) Accreditation assesses the quality of services and care of the organization. Accreditation requires achievement of certain minimum standards. Accreditation instills public confidence in the health care agency. Accreditation is necessary in order to be reimbursed for services provided. Accreditation provides a means for an organization to get outcomes data. Accreditation assists with having the best technology at the agency. |
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