Respiratory System

PRIMERA PARTE (ദ്ദി˙ᗜ˙). Renn.

choose the four functions of the respiratory system. Deliver air to the lungs. Convey oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood for delivery to the body cells. Expel the waste products (carbon dioxide and a small amount of water). Produce the airflow through the larynx that makes speech possible. Inhale the waste products. convey carbon dioxide and water into oxygen.

consists of the nose (nostrils), mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea.

Consists of the bronchial tree and lungs. These structures are located within and protected by the thoracic cavity.

They are sometimes referred to as "the airway".

are the external openings of the nose.

is a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections.

is a wall that separates two chambers.

is the interior portion of the nose.

the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris.

These specialized tissues also line the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems as well as other parts of the respiratory system.

is a slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that protects and lubricates these tissues.

are nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell. They are also important to the sense of taste. These receptors are located in the mucous membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity.

also called the palatine tonsils, are located at the back of the mouth.

also called the "nasopharyngeal tonsils", are higher up, behind the nose and the roof of the mouth.

are air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, are located in the bones of the skull.

select three functions of paranasal sinuses. make the bones of the skull lighter. help produce sound by giving resonance to the voice. produce mucus to provide lubrication for the tissues of the nasal cavity. Convey oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood for delivery to the body cells. Expel the waste products (carbon dioxide and a small amount of water).

are located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows. An infection here can cause severe pain in this area.

are located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland, are close to the optic nerves, and an infection here can damage vision.

are the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are located in the maxillary bones under the eyes. An infection in these sinuses can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth.

are located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital (eye) cavity by only a thin layer of bone.

is commonly known as the throat, receives the air after it passes through the nose or mouth, as well as food.

is the first division of the pharynx, is posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth.

is the second division of the pharynx, is the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth.

is the third division of the pharynx, is also shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems; air, food, and fluids continue downward to the openings of the esophagus and trachea where air enters the trachea and food and fluids flow into the esophagus.

also known as the voice box, is a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea.

This cartilage is the largest, and when enlarged it projects from the front of the throat and is commonly known as the Adam’s apple.

In the larynx, during speech, they close together, and sound is produced as air is expelled from the lungs, causing the cords to vibrate against each other.

is the muscular posterior portion of the roof of the mouth, moves up and backward during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx. This prevents food or liquid from going up into the nose.

is a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and the lungs.

This tube, which is commonly known as the windpipe, is located directly in front of the esophagus.Its function is to transport air to and from the lungs.

are two large tubes, which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs.

Within the lung, each primary bronchus divides and subdivides into increasingly smaller ______________.

also known as air sacs, are the very small, grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole.

means relating to or affecting the lungs.

The alveoli produce a detergent-like substance, known as a ______________.

which are the essential organs of respiration, are divided into lobes.

is larger lung and has three lobes: the upper, middle, and lower.

Has only two lobes, the upper and lower, due to space restrictions because the heart is located on that side of the body.

is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. This cavity contains connective tissue and organs,including the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes.

is a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.

is the outer layer of the pleura. It lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung.

which is the inner layer of pleura that covers each lung, is attached directly to the lungs.

also known as the pleural space, is the thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes. The fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the membranes to slide easily over each other during respiration.

is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. It is the contraction and relaxation of this muscle that makes breathing possible.

stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract.

is the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide that is essential to life.

is the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward. This action causes the thoracic cavity to expand. This produces a vacuum within the thoracic cavity that draws air into the lungs.

is the act of breathing out. As the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward, causing the thoracic cavity to become narrower. This action forces air out of the lungs.

is the act of bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment and, in the process, exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide.

is also known as cellular respiration, is the exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues.

also known as an ENT (ear, nose, throat), is a phy-sician with specialized training in the diagnosisand treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck.

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus.

is a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out, is most often caused by long-term smoking, generally permanent and progressive.

Most people with COPD suffer from two related conditions:

is a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant, usually cigarette smoke.

SEGUNDA PARTE (ง •̀_•́)ง. eiden.