Sociolingüístic.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 8. Scenario: A researcher notices that in a specific community, women tend to use more "standard" grammar than men in public speeches. The researcher is exploring which subtopic of sociolinguistics?. a. Only the physical setting of the speech. b. The psychological process of memory. c. The evolution of ancient scripts. d. The field of study regarding social factors like gender.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION -5 An indigenous student avoids speaking Spanish at home but uses it at school. This illustrates:?. a. Language simplification. b. Domain-specific language use. c. Language attrition. d. Language fossilization.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION-2. Scenario: In an English classroom in Guayaquil, the teacher says, "Open your books on page 24, por favor." This use of two languages within a single sentence is known as:?. a. Linguistic Divergence. b. Code-switching. c. Standard Language. d. Code-mixing.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION -7 A minority language is taught only in informal family settings. What risk does this pose?. a. Language revitalization. b. Language endangerment. c. Language dominance. d. Language expansion.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION-7. Scenario: A store clerk is frustrated with a customer who is being very rude. To assert her authority and maintain professional distance, the clerk begins speaking in a much more formal, "colder" tone than usual. This is an example of:?. a. Vernacular use. b. Language shift. c. Speech Divergence. d. Speech Convergence.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION-1. Scenario: A speaker in Paraguay uses Guaraní to joke with friends at a football match but uses Spanish to deliver a formal report at a bank. This stable community arrangement, where two different languages have distinct social functions, is a classic example of:?. a. Diglossia. b. Language Death. c. Rapid Code-mixing. d. Monolingualism.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION-13. Scenario: Why would a bilingual speaker switch from English to their native language to say "I love you" to a family member?. a. To show high status. b. Because they forgot the English words. c. To practice their grammar. d. To use the "affective function" of the language.

¿UNIT 2 -TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION-3, Scenario An Ecuadorian diplomat is speaking at the United Nations. He uses very precise, formal Spanish with complex syntax and no regional slang. This variety of language is called:?. a. Vernacular. b. Jargon. c. Pidgin. d. Standard.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION-4. Scenario: A researcher is studying a group of teenagers. She notices that when they are alone, they speak a local dialect full of "street expressions, which they call "their real talk." This variety, acquired at home and used in informal contexts, is the:?. a. Vernacular. b. Creole. c. Register. d. Standard.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION-8. Scenario: An 8th-semester student is researching "Spanglish" in Miami. He records a person saying: "I was going to the mall, but then me arrepentí." This switch happens between two different thought units/clauses. This is best described as:?. a. Code-switching. b. Upward Convergence. c. Diglossia. d. Jargon.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION -11 In Ecuador, younger generations prefer Spanish over Kichwa. This is an example of:?. a. Language codification. b. Language revitalization. c. Language displacement. d. Language borrowing.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION -3 A bilingual student switches between Kichwa and Spanish when speaking with peers. This practice is known as:?. a. Language interference. b. Code-switching. c. Borrowing. d. Diglossia.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION-14. Scenario: A lawyer is writing a contract. She uses terms like "heretofore," "null and void," and "affidavit." These terms are specific to the legal profession. This is a:?. a. Legal Register. b. Legal Style. c. Legal Vernacular. d. Legal Convergence.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION -8 Government policies that promote Spanish over indigenous languages in Ecuador contribute to:?. a. Language empowerment. b. Language codification. c. Language shift. d. Language enrichmen.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION-9. Scenario: A radio host for a popular youth station is 45 years old, but he uses the slang and "cool" intonation of 18-year-olds to appeal to his audience. This is an example of:?. a. Addressee Research. b. Audience Design. c. Pidginization. d. Linguistic Death.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 14-Which factor most contributes to the displacement of indigenous languages in Ecuador?. a. Economic and social pressures. b. Government support for bilingual education. c. Strong community networks. d. Increased cultural pride.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 13. Scenario: A linguist is studying "why" a specific group of teenagers in Guayaquil uses certain English words while speaking Spanish. The "Why" in this research corresponds to:?. a. The Topic. b. The Setting. c. The Accent. d. The Function.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 14. A person’s "Social Network"—who they talk to, work with, and live near—is a better predictor of their speech patterns than just their income. This is because:?. a. Social networks are determined by geography only. b. Social networks determine a person's age. c. People tend to accommodate their speech to those they interact with most. d. Language is only used for trade.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 14. Scenario: A mother says to her child, "I am very disappointed in your behavior today." While the words are informative, her tone conveys a high level of anger. This utterance has:?. a. No social dimension. b. Only a status dimension. c. High Affective / High Referential. d. Low Affective / High Referential.

¿UNIT 1-TOPIC 2 –SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 3-In many societies, women are found to use more "prestige" or standard language forms than men of the same social class, According to Holmes (2013) one explanation is that:?. a. Men are generally less educated than women in most cultures. b. Women have a natural biological aptitude for grammar. c. Standard forms are easier to pronounce for female speakers. d. Women are more status, conscious and use language to claim a higher social position.

¿UNIT 1 -TOPIC 2 –SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 7. When two groups of people with no common language come into contact for trade, they often create a simplified, "makeshift" language with a limited vocabulary and no native speakers. This is called a:?. a. Dialect. b. Standard variety. c. Creole. d. Pidgin.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 6. Scenario: Two brothers are talking about their childhood. Even though one is now a CEO and the other is a clerk, they use the same informal dialect and "insider" jokes. This is because their relationship on the Social Distance Scale is:?. a. Distant (strangers). b. Formal (professional). c. Intimate (high solidarity). d. High Status (unequal).

¿UNIT 1-TOPIC 2–SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 4, A group of 15-year-olds in London uses the Word innit and specific slang that their parents do not understand. However, as these same teenagers reach their 30s and enter professional careers, they begin to use more standard English. This change across an individual's lifespan is called:?. a. Language death. b. Age-grading. c. Ethnic marking. d. Geographical isolation.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 11. Scenario: Holmes (2013) identifies four essential social factors for linguistic choice. Which of the following is NOT one of them?. a. The participants. b. The function. c. The speaker’s IQ. d. The setting.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 10. Why might men in a working-class neighborhood purposefully use non-standard linguistic forms (like "I ain't done nothing"?. a. To express "covert prestige" and signal masculinity or "toughness. b. Due to geographical isolation from the city center. c. Because they don't know the correct rules. d. Because they are in the "middle-age" bulge of standard speech.

¿UNIT 1 -TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 5. A speaker of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) uses "invariant be" (e.g., "He be working") when talking to friends from his neighborhood to signal solidarity and shared heritage. In sociolinguistics, this is an example of:?. a. An ethnic identity marker. b. A lack of education. c. Geographical dialectology. d. Language standardization.

¿UNIT 1 -TOPIC 2 –SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 13. In New Zealand, many English speakers use Māori loanwords like "Haka" or "Pakeha." This is a result of:?. a. Geographical isolation. b. Languages in contact and ethnic influence. c. Gender-preferential speech. d. Socioeconomic status.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 10. Scenario: A person moves from a small village to a big city and slowly starts to change their accent to sound more like the city dwellers to avoid being teased. This is an example of language being used to:?. a. Confound the listener. b. Signal social identity and belonging. c. Improve referential information. d. Decrease affective content.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 2. A linguist visits a traditional community in the Amazon where men and women use entirely different verb endings for the same action. A woman cannot use a "man’s ending" without appearing culturally inappropriate. This phenomenon is known as:?. a. Gender-preferential speech. b. Socioeconomic stratification. c. Language shift. d. Gender-exclusive speech.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 3. Scenario: An 8th-semester student is writing a thesis on how different neighborhoods in a city use different slang. This study falls under the field of:?. a. Pure Psycholinguistics. b. Sociolinguistics. c. Historical Etymology. d. Theoretical Syntax.