there are some characteristics that distinguish subordinate clauses from main clauses;for example,relative and adverbial clauses cannot stand on their own because they do not express full meaning when they are in insolation; in addition, they only appear... a. as interrogative and declarative structures. b. as declarative constructions. c. as imperative and declarative constructions. one of the main characteristics of adverbial subordinate clauses is that they cannot function as subjects or objects; however,... a. they can be posed as an essential element of the verb phrase. b. they can be posed at the beginning or at the end of a main clause. c. they can occur as the argument of a predicate. . In the adverbial clauses, each subordinator indicates a different perspective. For example, the subordinator "because" indicates reason. Therefore, what do you think is the perspective of the subordination "as if" in the sentence "He looked as if he wanted to say something". a. Reason. b. Maner. c. Purpose. . One of the main characteristics of adverbial subordinate clauses is that they cannot function as subjects or objects; however,... a. they can be posed as essential element of the verb phrase. b. they can be posed at the beginning or at the end of a main clause. c. they can occur as the argument of a predicate. . there are various types of non- finite clauses which are distinguished mainly by what type of finite clause they modify. Thus, the sentence "the main reading the newspaper did not hear my song" illustrates the following structure: a. reduced adverbial nonfinite clause. b. reduced relative nonfinite clause. c. free participle nonfinite clause. . indirect questions are a type of structure in which the interrogative construction is a dependent clause that might function as the complement of certain verbs - ask, tell, wonder, know- as it is illustrated in the sentence "she knows how to solve this problem". In addition, ... a. in indirect questions, the verb is tensed. in indirect questions, the verb is unmarked for tense. in indirect questions, the main verb goes in the infinitive. . in the sentence "we ate dinner where all the locals usually go", the subordinate clause is: a. a complement clause modifying the main verb and referring to place. b. an adverbial clause modifying the main verb. c. an adverbial clause modifying the main clause and referring to place. . in the sentence: solutions that fullfit the complex and often seemingly contradictory requirements of nature and humankind usually require long- term ecosystem research and monitoring. The subordinate clause is: a... that fulfill the complex and often seemingly contradictory requirements of nature and humankind. b... that fulfill the complex and often seemingly contradictory requirements of nature and humankind. c. solutions require long- term ecosystem research and monitoring. . the sentence "David eats too much trash food, doesn't he? shows that tag questions can only be attached to... a. embedded clauses. b. subordinate clauses. c. independent clauses. . read the following paragraph: "Monarch butterflies travel long distances to stay warm. They fly up to 3,000 miles to the same hills, and sometimes, to the same trees looking for safe places. However, their life span is only a few months. " Now. identify the nonfinitive verbs in the paragraph above. a. to stay, travel, is. b. fly up, to stay, travel. c. to stay, looking. . these type of clauses are structures in which the verb is not marked according to differences in person and number. a. Non- finite clauses. b. Finite clauses. c. Subordinate relative clauses. . In the sentence "the police found the sculpture stolen from the National Museum" , the reduced clause is a. an adverbial non- finite clause of "the police found the sculpture which had been stolen from the National Museum". b. a relative non- finite clause of " the police found the sculpture which had been stolen from the National Museum". c. a bare - verb non- finite clause of the police found the sculpture which had been stolen from the National Museum". in the clause "Rolling stones down a steep hill is funny",... a. the gerund clause is functioning as an adverb. b. the gerund clause is functioning as the subject. c. the gerund clause is functioning as a verb phrase. . In the sentence "the boy tried to put the toy on the table". a. both verbs form, "tried" and "to put" , refer back to the same subject, "the boy". b. only the verb "tried" refers back to the subject "the boy". c. the verb "to put" does not have subject. . Semantically speaking, subjects might play various important roles; for example, a subject can perform as the doer of an action, when it is an animate being. In addition, a subject may function as the causer when it affects someone or something, as illustrated in: a. Margaret Fixed the table for lunch. b. A big tornado destroyed several houses. c. The window opened suddenly. . English grammar is based on a set of grammatical functions, or grammatical relations and a set of grammatical roles. The set of grammatical roles is formed by... a. copula and linking verbs. b. Linking and transitive verbs. c. stative and dynamic verbs. . Instrument, patient and agent are some of the semantic roles performed by... a. nouns and adjectives. b. nouns and pronouns. c. verbs and nouns. . When doing syntactic analysis, it is necessary to identify clause constituents regarding both structure and function. Structure refers to the internal syntax of a clause; that is to say,... a. how words are put together to form phrases, as the relation between subject and verb. b. how constituents relate to one another as the connection existing between subject and verb. c. how phrases and clauses are structured within sentences. . The term ... typically refers to the set of personal pronouns in English. It usually refers to a participant in an event, such as the speaker, the addresses, or others. a. grammatical person. b. grammatical subject. c. grammatical object. In the passive structure "that novel was written by this old man", the grammatical relation - that novel- shows what kind of relation? a. relation of object. b. relation of subject. c. relation of predicate. . when doing syntactic analysis of clauses, it is necessary to identify the constituents of a structure regarding both "structure" and "Function" . Structure deals with how constituents combine with each other to form grammatical structures; while, function refers to the role of words and phrases within a structure. For example, function deals with the idea that: a. A noun phrase located before the main verbs functions as the subject of the clause. b. The subject of a passive construction appears after the preposition "BY". c. The verb phrase of a main clause must be in the infinitive form. In the sentence "Every now and then a little light shines through", which word or string of words holds the expletive position? a. Every now. b. Every now and then. c. Every now and then a little light. . Agreement is defined as a linkage between different parts of a phrase or clause. According to the definition above, the clause " This child cries all day" shows... a. agreement between subject and object. b. agreement between subject and verb in the simple present. c. agreement between verb and the adjective phrase. . Read the following paragraph: Even though high school and college are both institutions of learning, they differ in at least three ways. The first difference between high school and college is their social atmosphere. In high school, homework is required to help motivate students to study. In college most homework consist of studying; very little of it is written and turned in. Now decide what sort of syntactic linkage is illustrated in the first sentence: a. subject- verb agreement as in " they differin in at least three.. b. subject- object agreement, as in "... high school and college are both institutions... c. subject- verb agreement as in... " is their social atmospheres. . Achievement verbs like: stab, catch and wink, among others are perceived as having no duration; in addition, they might describe a series of repeated events, as illustrated in: a. they are running. b. Carmen was talking. c. Sam is blinking. . In many western languages like Spanish, grammatical genre is a category that affects nouns, pronouns and adjectives; however, genre in English affect: a. nouns and adjectives only. b. nouns and pronouns only. c. nouns, verbs and adjectives. . the notions of number and genre in English are not very productive. In fact, number affects only nouns, pronouns and verbs; while genre affects a small number of nouns and their pronouns and possessive adjective forms, as in: a. Samuel works in a hospital. Her job is very hard. b. Samuel works in a hospital. He likes his job. c. Samuel works in a hospital. she likes her job. .
