According to Newman, which are the main opposite forces which intervene in translation? SL writer, SL norms, SL culture, and SL setting and tradition SL writer, SL norms, SL culture, and SL setting SL writer, SL norms, SL culture, and SL tradition SL writer, SL culture, SL tradition, and SL setting.
Which of the following statements about translation is not true? translation is an art translation is a science translation is a matter of taste translation is a matter of fact.
3. The comprehension of the source text involves solving the following problems or steps (tick the wrong). parsing of text acces to specialised knowledge rely on your intuition access to the intended meaning.
When translating a text, the translator should (tick the wrong)
search the intention of the text find one-for-one equivalents consider the style consider the setting where the target language is going to be published
.
Dynamic equivalence is: the equivalence of the effect on the source reader the equivalence of effect on the target reader the equivalence of form on the target reader the equivalence of form on the source reader.
Tick the wrong option: meaning can only be carried out by words meaning can be carried out by morphemes meaning can be carried out by lexemes meaning can not be carried out by morphemes
.
The expressive meaning of a word:
arises from co-occurrence arises from the relation between it and what it refers to relates to the speaker's feelings or attitude arises from dialect and register variations.
The presupposed meaning of a word: rises form co-occurance restrictions relates to the speaker feelings or attitude arises form the relation between it and what it refers to relates to what words and utterances refer to.
The collocation restrictions are part of the: evoked meaning presupposed meaning propositional meaning understood meaning.
Dialect could be (tick the wrong option) Geographical Temporal Social Personal .
Two main areas where semantic fields can be useful to translators are: Appreciating the value that a word has in a given system and developing strategies for dealing with equivalence. Ignoring the value that a word has in a given system and developing strategies for dealing with equivalence. Appreciating the value that a word has in a given system and avoiding strategies for dealing with equivalence. Appreciating the value that a word has in a given system and developing strategies for dealing with non-equivalence. .
Common problems of non-equivalence (tick the wrong option) Differences in frequency and purpose of using specific words The use of loan words in the source text Differences in expressive meaning Similarities in form.
Tick the wrong statement: words rarely occur in their own words are strung together at random there are restrictions in the way words combine to convey meaning Restrictions are written down in the form of rules.
Patterns of collocation: are independent of meaning are dependent on the meaning don’t reflect the preferences of specific languages communities for certain modes of expression are not arbitrary.
Collocational ranges: are variable are invariable are not fixed are fixed.
In translation, a good method of detaching oneself from the source text is: to put the draft translation aside for few hours to produce the final version as soon as possible to rewrite the translation again to produce a couple of alternative translations.
Fixed expressions and proverbs are:
inflexible patterns of language which allow several variations in form structures whose meaning can be deduced from their individual components transparent in their meaning structures which allow changes in the order of their words
.
The main difficulties involved in translating idioms or fixed expressions are (tick the wrong) an idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language an idiom or fixed expression has an equivalent in the target language an idiom may be used in the source text in both literal and idiomatic sense at the same time the very convention of using idioms in written discourse may be different in the source text and in the target text. .
Grammatical choices (tick the wrong) :
are usually expressed morphologically or syntactically. are obligatory. include other choices from the same system by default. exclude other choices from the same system by default. .
When the gender distinction does not exist in the SL , but does in the TL , translators: are obliged to work out the gender in advance should ignore the difference should never add the gender information should explain the gender difference
.
Word order: is not important in translation does not affect the way messages are organized in a language does not affect the coherence of a text plays a major role in maintaining a coherent point of view
.
In English, adjectives have 4 main functions (tick the wrong) determiner+adjective+noun determiner +noun+adjective adjective as a subject complement adjective as a verb complement
.
We identify a text (tick the wrong)
because we perceive connections within and among ts sentences because connections are established through the arrangement of information because connections contribute to the topic development because connections do not contribute to the maintenance of the thematic structures.
According to the Prague school: there are not communicative goals in interaction. the communicative goals cause the structure of a clause to function in a different kind of perspective the communicative goals cause the structure of a clause to function in sim. the communicative goals cause the structure of a clause to remain unchanged.
When the reader has to retrieve the identity of what is being talked about by alluding to an immediate context, we are making use of:
ellipsis lexical cohesion reference conjunction.
___________ is defined as the use of normal markers to relate sentences, clauses, etc. Ellipsis Reference Conjunction Lexical cohesion.
____________ is defined as the role played by the selection of vocabulary in organizing relations: Ellipsis Reference Conjunction Lexical cohesion.
_______________ is the network of conceptual relations which underlie the surface text. cohesion coherence conjunction repetition.
A number of factors which can contribute to our success or failure in working out in translation (tick the wrong option) the conventional meaning of the words and structures used the identity of any references that may be involved the unconventional meaning of the words and structures used the context, linguistic or otherwise, of the utterance.
__________is defined as a newly coined term, word, or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language. Borrowing Calque Neologism Anglicism.
_________is borrowing a word or phrase from another language while translating its components so as to create a new lexeme in the target language: borrowing calque anglicism neologism.
The words “Danone” and ''Kodak'' are a: pure and individual creation significant loan semantic calque lexical calque.
Borrowings can be: naturalized and incorporated through transcription non naturalized and incorporated through transcription naturalized and non incorporated through transcription non naturalized and non incorporated through transcription.
The words “pixel” is an: avoidable loanword unavoidable loanword necessary loanword recommendable loanword
.
The words diskette, format, and reset are: unavoidable loanword avoidable loanword necessary loanword recommendable loanword.
The words chelín, franc, lira and Marc are: avoidable loanwords unavoidable loanwords necessary loanwords recommendable loanwords.
Problematic calques in translation lexical, orthographic, and typographic lexical, typographic and semantic lexical, typographic, orthographic, and syntactic lexical, syntactic, orthographic, and semantic.
When translating into Spanish, the pronominal subject in English: should be translated into Spanish as such should be omitted should be translated if the verb is not inflected should never be translated.
The sentence “The men are coming” should be translated as:
Los hombres están viniendo Los hombres vienen Los hombres están viniendo ahora Los hombres vienen ahora .
The sentence "the car is being repaired" El coche está siendo reparado Están reparando el coche El coche ha sido reparado El coche está reparado.
The sentences” Rubens is considered the best painter” should be translated as:
Rubens ha sido considerado el mejor pintor A Rubens se le tiene por el mejor pintor Rubens tiene fama de ser el mejor pintor A Rubens se le considera el mejor pintor.
The sentence "the sense should be indicated syntactic or semantically or both" should be translated as: El sentido se indica sintácticamente o semánticamente o de una forma y otra El sentido se indica sintáctica o semánticamente o ambos El sentido se indica sintáctica o semánticamente o de una forma y otra El sentido se indica sintácticamente o semánticamente o ambos.
The expression “ an old black Swedish carpenter” should be translated as:
un negro carpintero sueco viejo un viejo carpintero negro sueco un carpintero sueco negro viejo un viejo sueco carpintero negro.
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