Linguistically speaking, English is easier than French. TRUE FALSE.
Linguistically speaking, English is more difficult than Italian. TRUE FALSE.
The English lexicon is smaller than the German one. TRUE FALSE.
Thanks to RAE, Spanish is a more flexible language than English. TRUE FALSE.
The reasons explaining why English is the most demanded FL in the world are linguistic ones. TRUE FALSE.
English is powerful because of its prestige as a NL. TRUE FALSE.
According to the three Kachruan circles, English is no longer the sole property of those who speak it as a NL. TRUE FALSE.
If we pay attention to the three Kachruan circles, L1 speakers of English are in the minority compared to the EFL circle. TRUE FALSE.
The reasons behind the dominance of English are as old as the hills. TRUE FALSE.
If we take into account the Outer Circle or ESL, English is the most spoken language in the world. TRUE FALSE.
English is the new lingua franca because it is the language with most native speakers in the world. TRUE FALSE.
The vast majority of the world population have English as their NL. TRUE FALSE.
English is the new lingua franca because it is the easiest language to be learnt in the world. TRUE FALSE.
If we consider those who speak it as a NL, English is not the most spoken language in the world. TRUE FALSE.
The presence of English in our everyday lives and the objects that surround us is minimal. TRUE FALSE.
The reasons why English is the main NL taught in Spain at a Pre-school, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary levels are linguistic ones. TRUE FALSE.
English is employed as a FL when a Spanish person, who cannot speak Danish, uses English to communicate with a Danish friend, who cannot speak Spanish. TRUE FALSE.
A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible for people who do not share their NL. TRUE FALSE.
English does not borrow words from other languages. TRUE FALSE.
English is the most demanded NL in the world because of what Myers-Scotton refers to as “the snow-ball effect”. TRUE FALSE.
English is easy to learn because, same as Spanish, it only has 5 vowels. TRUE FALSE.
Nobody doubts that in today’s science, business and politics, English is the main LF TRUE FALSE.
English started to be the new lingua franca after the end of WWI. TRUE FALSE.
Seeing languages only in utilitarian terms is positive for maintaining language diversity in the world. TRUE FALSE.
The term McDonaldisation, used by Patricia Ryan, refers to the desirable face of globalization. TRUE FALSE.
For Ofelia Garcia, multilinguals are environmentally unfriendly people. TRUE FALSE.
The terms globalisation and glocalisation are synonyms. TRUE FALSE.
By force, the spread of ELF does have to result in a monolingual world. TRUE FALSE.
Ofelia Garcia pointed to the necessity of cultivating language diversity in the world. TRUE FALSE.
The term McDonaldisation is employed to express the undesirable face of glocalisation. TRUE FALSE.
“Mind your language”, said Nelson Mandela. TRUE FALSE.
The spread of English-only policies in today’s world might mean the end of Babel. TRUE FALSE.
According to David Crystal, GLOBALISATION means that “people are adopting English for intelligibility and their local language for identity”. TRUE FALSE.
In Ofelia Garcia’s view, “monolinguals are environmentally friendly people”. TRUE FALSE.
The term GLOBALISATION was coined by David Crystal. TRUE FALSE.
The ELF movement sees non-native English as deficient rather than different. TRUE FALSE.
The EFL movement sees non-native English as efficient rather than deficient. TRUE FALSE.
Native speakers of English are always intelligible. TRUE FALSE.
EFL communication has intelligibility as its primary goal. TRUE FALSE.
For Enric Llurda, the best image of ELF is that of a bridge. TRUE FALSE.
The vessels metaphor suggested by Llurda represents the role of English as the sole medium of communication for those who work in international companies. TRUE FALSE.
The bridge metaphor, created by Llurda, is better than the vessels metaphor because of the stability it conveys. TRUE FALSE.
The main focus of EFL is acquiring English as a NL. TRUE FALSE.
The novelty of the ELF movement is looking beyond the native-speaker paradigm. TRUE FALSE.
Users of ELF are seen as skilled and efficient communicators even if they are not native speakers of English. TRUE FALSE.
According to Enric Llurda, the main ELF aims are two: intelligibility and intercultural competence. TRUE FALSE.
As claimed by Enric Llurda, the objective of ELT is talking like and talking to native speakers of this language. TRUE FALSE.
EIL is the property of those who speak English as a NL. TRUE FALSE.
According to the CEFR, the main goal of language education in Europe is achieving mastery of one, two, or even three languages. TRUE FALSE.
In terms of culture, the main objective of EFL is developing learners’ intercultural competence. TRUE FALSE.
If one wants to learn English just for pleasure, the most appropriate vessel image is that of a cruise ship. TRUE FALSE.
The ELF movement favours a monolingual approach to ELT. TRUE FALSE.
According to Llurda, intelligibility is the main and sole objective of ELF. TRUE FALSE.
The vast majority of students in the MP1863 class see themselves as monolingual people. TRUE FALSE.
EFL stands for English as a First Language. TRUE FALSE.
The goal of EFL is talking to anyone, anywhere in the world, for different purposes and in different contexts. TRUE FALSE.
The dominance of English in the world is not supported by most mass media that are unanimously in favour of language diversity. TRUE FALSE.
ELT stands for English Language Techniques. TRUE FALSE.
Our mother tongue or L1 always coincides with the first language we are exposed to since birth. TRUE FALSE.
Patricia Ryan is in favour of intergenerational communication as a way to avoid losing our own language(s). TRUE FALSE.
One of the pedagogical implications of the ELF movement is the inclusion of language awareness among the main goals for teaching and learning English. TRUE FALSE.
HL stands for High Languages like English or Chinese. TRUE FALSE.
ESL stands for English as a Secondary Language. TRUE FALSE.
NL stands for Normal Language and means the language we mainly use in our everyday life. TRUE FALSE.
David Crystal and Enric Llurda agree in the importance of intelligibility for EIL. TRUE FALSE.
The main goal of ELF is getting a native-like competence. TRUE FALSE.
English is the new lingua franca because it is everybody’s second language. TRUE FALSE.
Multilinguals help preserve the language diversity in the world because they are able to communicate in many languages. TRUE FALSE.
Families who speak Catalan in Salamanca constitute an endogenous community. TRUE FALSE.
Heritage languages are not official languages in the country where migrant families learn it at home. TRUE FALSE.
In most countries of the world, HLs are taught in schools as media of instruction, along with other languages in the curriculum. TRUE FALSE.
Speakers of the same HL raised in the same country cannot differ in terms of their language abilities. TRUE FALSE.
A heritage language is the one spoken by linguistic majorities. TRUE FALSE.
Due to its condition as a world language, Spanish cannot be a heritage language. TRUE FALSE.
Infant and Primary teachers in the Valencian Community should not get familiar with their students’ HLs because they are useless. TRUE FALSE.
Second-generation families tend to forget their heritage language and lose their ability to use it. TRUE FALSE.
Loss of heritage languages other than English in the USA is inevitable. TRUE FALSE.
The terms indigenous and heritage languages are perfect synonyms. TRUE FALSE.
All HLs in Spain are unimportant in terms of the number of people who speak those languages in the world. TRUE FALSE.
Arabic is a HL because it is one of the least spoken languages in the world. TRUE FALSE.
Latin and Greek are dead languages because there are no traces of them in today’s English academic registers. TRUE FALSE.
A HL is present not only at home but also in education and in a given society at large. TRUE FALSE.
At a global level, HLs are minority languages. TRUE FALSE.
Spanish cannot be considered as a HL anywhere in the world because it has official status in a number of countries. TRUE FALSE.
According to WIKIPEDIA, the term HL is used “to describe a language which is predominantly spoken by societal groups and linguistic majorities”. TRUE FALSE.
Quechuan is a good example of an indigenous language that belongs to the category of HLs. TRUE FALSE.
Being literate in one’s HL has proven to be beneficial when learning English as a third or additional language. TRUE FALSE.
Being monolingual in a bilingual region like The Valencian Community is perfectly possible, because no receptive knowledge of Catalan is needed to live. TRUE FALSE.
In Medieval Iberian Peninsula, Catalan and Valencian were two separate languages born at the same time. TRUE FALSE.
Bilingual education is vital to respect linguistic human rights. TRUE FALSE.
All the minority languages in Spain (i.e. Galician, Catalan, Asturian or Basque) come from Latin. TRUE FALSE.
Mother tongue-based bilingual education is less beneficial than submersion into a monolingual alien language and culture like English. TRUE FALSE.
In Europe, Catalan is a supra-national language. TRUE FALSE.
Our mother tongue is the language that our mother speaks best. TRUE FALSE.
From an ELF perspective, BANA teachers are the best. TRUE FALSE.
A mother tongue and a lingua franca can never coincide in the same person. TRUE FALSE.
In bilingual regions like The Valencian Community, nobody can be a monolingual, even if they mostly use Spanish to communicate on a daily basis. TRUE FALSE.
Valencian is a Catalan variety very similar to the one spoken in Girona. TRUE FALSE.
According to Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (1981), the best and most reliable definition of NL or L1 is the one that identifies the mother tongue with the language best known and most used. TRUE FALSE.
It is Skutnabb-Kangas’ contention that one can have a mother tongue that s/he does not know particularly well. TRUE FALSE.
Intelligibility is at the centre of Kachru’s model of World Englishes. TRUE FALSE.
English is a FL in British ex-colonies like India, Singapore or Nigeria. TRUE FALSE.
The ecology of languages paradigm was born because there are not too many languages in the world that are about to die. TRUE FALSE.
In Spain, English can be taught and learnt as a second language. TRUE FALSE.
Patricia Ryan is famous for having invented the term “translanguaging”. TRUE FALSE.
The diffusion-of-English paradigm promotes multilingualism with English. TRUE FALSE.
In Kachru’s model, ESL belongs to the expanding circle TRUE FALSE.
The label heritage is given to a language according to its linguistic properties. TRUE FALSE.
The existence of exogenous communities proves that some people are multilingual by choice TRUE FALSE.
The diffusion-of-English paradigm is respectful with the linguistic rights of exogenous communities TRUE FALSE.
Everybody has only a mother tongue. TRUE FALSE.
BANA teachers are the best to learn ELF. TRUE FALSE.
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