In Krashen’s view, we acquire language in one way and only one way when we get comprehensible input in a high anxiety environment. TRUE FALSE.
EFL stands for English as a Future Language. TRUE FALSE.
According to Krashen, the best methods to acquire a language are those that force early production in the second language. TRUE FALSE.
The four skills to learn a language are reading, grammar, listening and speaking. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen is in favour of using lots of grammar exercises. TRUE FALSE.
Immersion is a necessary condition to become a competent user of English. TRUE FALSE.
Everybody learns a language the same way independently of the country where one lives TRUE FALSE.
There is no agreement about the age when language learning capacities start to decline. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen was right when stating that in ESL contexts, FLA and SLA are very similar. TRUE FALSE.
Three of the most important factors related to success in SLA are: low motivation, strong self-esteem and low anxiety. TRUE FALSE.
The natural approach mainly consists in learning lots of vocabulary and grammar. TRUE FALSE.
Children learn a second language better than adults because their concentration is higher. TRUE FALSE.
Our pupils need to be competent users of EFL. TRUE FALSE.
The natural approach by Terell and Krashen (1983) is a method for advanced learners of foreign languages based on communication. TRUE FALSE.
David Singleton and Simone Phenninger conclude that age in isolation is a poor predictor for language learning success. TRUE FALSE.
Listening and speaking are productive skills. TRUE FALSE.
The main factors that guarantee success in language learning are age and intelligence. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen thinks that conscious language learning is always better than language acquisition. TRUE FALSE.
The main language conditions are incomplete without FEEDBACK. TRUE FALSE.
Research shows that people who start learning a foreign language as adults cannot acquire it to a high level. TRUE FALSE.
According to the Natural Method by Terrell & Krashen (1983), English teachers never correct their students. TRUE FALSE.
Swain is famous for her pushed INPUT hypothesis. TRUE FALSE.
In Krashen’s view, language acquisition is a conscious process. TRUE FALSE.
Very young language learners (3-8 year olds) learn foreign languages (e.g. English) very easily and “in a natural way”, same as they acquire their mother tongue(s), because they are like sponges. TRUE FALSE.
According to the natural method by Terell and Krashen (1983), in English lessons, students’ native language (s) have to be prohibited. TRUE FALSE.
The main conditions to learn a language are just feedback and input. TRUE FALSE.
There are direct ways in which teachers can boost intrinsic motivation. TRUE FALSE.
SLA stands for Second Language Accuracy. TRUE FALSE.
The natural approach favours students working individually. TRUE FALSE.
Learning phonetics and achieving better pronunciation is easier when we are adults because we have more knowledge of the world. TRUE FALSE.
The more comprehensible input you get, the less successful you are in learning a language. TRUE FALSE.
Intrinsic motivation derives from outside regulation such as punishments or rewards. TRUE FALSE.
Children are always more motivated than adults to learn a foreign language like English. TRUE FALSE.
A clear advantage of early language learning is that it fosters positive language attitudes in children. TRUE FALSE.
The chungo-point method is a way of promoting intrinsic motivation in ESL contexts. TRUE FALSE.
Intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation are the only types of motivation. TRUE FALSE.
The main source of Nancy Chu’s desire to become a teacher was extrinsic motivation. TRUE FALSE.
Instrumental motivation is typical of people who learn a language in a country where it is spoken, namely, migrants or ex-pats. TRUE FALSE.
Integrative and instrumental motivations are not incompatible. TRUE FALSE.
Children are like sponges because they retain information very easily. TRUE FALSE.
Intrinsic/integrative and extrinsic/instrumental mean exactly the same. TRUE FALSE.
The only and most important language learning condition is OUTPUT. TRUE FALSE.
Effort is not among the characteristics a motivated student must posses. TRUE FALSE.
According to Joanna Rokita (2006), the achievements of very young instructed L2 learners were impressive as their command of English was really high including a clear spontaneous communicative dimension. TRUE FALSE.
Both kindergarteners and first and second graders can be fully identified with sponges because they do absorb language and also retain it. TRUE FALSE.
In order to be effective, the chungo-point method must be presented as a game with its own rules. TRUE FALSE.
Vocabulary is learnt much better before we are 6 years old. TRUE FALSE.
Teaching a second language to very young children in foreign language instructed settings like the ones in The Valencian Community is always a successful process. TRUE FALSE.
In Swain’s view, the first step to start communicating in the TL is noticing what one wants to communicate but is unable to say. TRUE FALSE.
The most successful hypothesis formulated by Krashen was the one about the silent period. TRUE FALSE.
Nowadays, the terms language learning and language acquisition are used almost as synonyms. TRUE FALSE.
According to the BAF project, in the long term and after the same amount of hours or courses of instruction, younger starters will outperform older starters. TRUE FALSE.
EFL instructional contexts and naturalistic settings where children live in an English speaking country are equally effective in terms of the provision of input. TRUE FALSE.
As John T. Bruer puts it, WHEN we start learning a language is more important than HOW we learn it. TRUE FALSE.
Children are better at concentration for longer than adults. TRUE FALSE.
Learning a language can be slower and more incomplete for older learners. TRUE FALSE.
You cannot learn a language if you are not eager and willing to do so. TRUE FALSE.
Everybody can provide feedback in EFL learning contexts. TRUE FALSE.
Explicit learning through grammar, reading and writing is available for three to eight- year-old children. TRUE FALSE.
Research shows that phonetics is learnt much better after puberty. TRUE FALSE.
When you are learning a foreign language like English, context does not matter. TRUE FALSE.
Intrinsic motivation can be fostered in the language classroom through rewards. TRUE FALSE.
In ESL contexts, English is only learnt as a school subject. TRUE FALSE.
Intrinsic motivation is connected with learner autonomy. TRUE FALSE.
Bringing guest speakers to the language class is a good way of promoting intrinsic motivation. TRUE FALSE.
Very young language learners (3-8 year olds) are not like sponges because they learn very quickly but also forget easily. TRUE FALSE.
The use of realia is a good technique to promote extrinsic motivation. TRUE FALSE.
EFL stands for English For Life. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen believes that talking a language is different from practising it. TRUE FALSE.
The chungo-point method was designed to promote extrinsic motivation in ESL naturalistic contexts. TRUE FALSE.
According to Moon (2000), the ideal situation to learn English should include frequent, varied and comprehensible input, a real need for English with opportunities to speak it and lots of feedback. TRUE FALSE.
The three pillars to successful language learning are confidence, high aptitude and strong motivation. TRUE FALSE.
The appeal of the Natural Approach can be explained by the identification of this method with acquiring English with no effort. TRUE FALSE.
Zero anxiety is one of the strongest points in the Natural Method. TRUE FALSE.
According to Corder (1967), INPUT and INTAKE are the same. TRUE FALSE.
In Krashen’s SLA theory, implicit and conscious are synonyms. TRUE FALSE.
Intrinsic motivation can be defined as the desire to come closer to the community who speak the TL we want to learn. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen is a huge fan of the reading skill. TRUE FALSE.
For Gregersen & MacIntyre (2014) there is no doubt about HOW motivation contributes to successful language learning and about WHERE motivation comes from. TRUE FALSE.
Integrative motivation is available for Valencian students thanks to ICTs. TRUE FALSE.
eTwinning projects are not appropriate for students with Special Needs. TRUE FALSE.
According to very important scholars like DeKeyser, implicit acquisition processes require massive amounts of input that only a total immersion program in the TL can provide. TRUE FALSE.
Professor David Singleton believes that early learning of English ensures children’s success in their later educational and professional careers. TRUE FALSE.
Teaching English to very young language learners is unsuccessful when input is poor. TRUE FALSE.
The benefits of immersion depend on how much visitors talk to native speakers when staying an English-speaking country. TRUE FALSE.
The explosion of commercial language schools in Spain is based on the sponge myth. TRUE FALSE.
Adults’ brains are more adaptable and better at making new brain connections than children’s. TRUE FALSE.
The case of Nancy Chu proves that intrinsic motivation is not a good predictor for language success. TRUE FLASE.
One of the strongest points of the Natural Approach is Krashen’s emphasis on comprehensible input techniques such as visual aids, gestures or cognates. TRUE FALSE.
Getting good grades is a clear example of extrinsic motivation. TRUE FALSE.
In Krashen’s SLA theory, a silent period is pathological, it is not normal. TRUE FALSE.
According to developmental psychology, children find difficulties in retaining the language knowledge they seem to have picked up so easily. TRUE FALSE.
Very young language learners have to learn language explicitly. TRUE FALSE.
The main language learning conditions are very similar in both ESL and EFL contexts. TRUE FALSE.
In Spain, English is taught and learnt as a second language. TRUE FALSE.
We acquire our L1 explicitly by interacting with our caregivers. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen is the first scholar who paid attention to the different types of instructional contexts where English can be learnt. TRUE FALSE.
The chungo-point method motivates Spanish students to talk and to think in the TL. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen bases his SLA theory on the importance of OUTPUT. TRUE FALSE.
In most of the Primary English classes where the chungo-point was first implemented, oral skills were underdeveloped in favour of reading and writing. TRUE FALSE.
Early language learning is beneficial to learn vocabulary. TRUE FALSE.
The Natural Method is not about speaking. TRUE FALSE.
In stay abroad periods, intensity of the interaction with native speakers is more determinant than the length of residence in the English speaking country. TRUE FALSE.
Older learners can benefit more from instructional settings where the main focus is put on explicit learning, that is, on knowledge about the language. TRUE FALSE.
Younger learners are much more aware of their learning styles and, hence, can make the most of learning techniques like mnemonics. TRUE FALSE.
Krashen was wrong when defending zero anxiety because students’ lack of attention can result in demotivation. TRUE FALSE.
The Natural Method can be equated to a “just listen and read approach”. TRUE FALSE.
To Susan Gass (1988), comprehended input is as important as comprehensible input is TRUE FALSE.
Thanks to Richard Schmidt (1990), we know that language acquisition can also be a conscious process. TRUE FALSE.
Noticing also plays an important rule in Swain’s output hypothesis. TRUE FALSE.
Before Bobby Norton’s research on migrant women in Canada, the notion of motivation has been based on a psychological individual construct. TRUE FALSE.
Gardner’s socio-educational model of integrative motivation fails to consider the impact of the language community’s negative attitudes towards migrant populations. TRUE FALSE.
Globalisation does affect the traditional concept of integrative motivation stated by Gardner. TRUE FALSE.
According to Schmidt, in order to understand input, learners need to notice the language forms they are exposed to. TRUE FALSE.
To Krashen, language acquisition and language learning are the same. TRUE FALSE.
In the early stages of language acquisition, lexis is more important than grammar. TRUE FALSE.
To David Singleton, with motivation and perseverance, learning English is possible at any age. TRUE FALSE.
In Krashen’s SLA theory, receptive skills are much more important than productive skills. TRUE FALSE.
In the Natural Method, the teacher corrects your mistakes TRUE FALSE.
Krashen states that learning a language by practising it with grammar or drilling exercises is ineffective. TRUE FALSE.
One of the weak points of the Natural Approach is that productive skills are not taken into consideration. TRUE FALSE.
The Natural Method is not appropriate for beginners. TRUE FALSE.
The latest models of motivation (e.g. Ushioda, 2009) conceive it as a static phenomenon that can be investigated without paying attention to context. TRUE FALSE.
According to Hermann’s (1980) resultative hypothesis, motivation is the cause of academic success. TRUE FALSE.
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