MET

The geostrophic force is strongest: At the equator. At mid latitudes. Close to the equator. Close to the poles.

Which cloud type (genus) is described by the following definition? "Cumulus clouds which are markedly sprouting and are often of great vertical extent; their bulging upper part frequently resembles a cauliflower.". Cumulus fractus. Towering cumulus. Cumulonimbus capillatus. Cumulus humilis.

What weather situation leads to the formation of a downburst?. Cold air descending down from a mature cumulonimbus. A sudden change in wind direction at the passage of a front. Turbulence formation in a stable air mass over mountainous terrain. The presence of a growing thermal bubble above a desert in summer time.

Within what temperature range can vertical development clouds be expected to contain significant amounts of both ice crystals and supercooled water droplets as opposed to a majority of only one or the other? Between.. -15°C and -40°C. -45°C and -60°C. -30°C and -55°C. 0°C and -15°C.

During take-off at sunrise, if haze is reported, a pilot is likely to experience the greatest reduction in visibility when departing from runway.. 36. 09. 18. 27.

The following METAR Is reported by an inland aerodrome (Eindhoven, The Netherlands), shortly after dawn: EHEH 010610Z 33005KT 0300 R21/0450 FG NSC 06/06 Q1018= Considering the above METAR, we can say that the aerodrome is experiencing (1)__ which probably extends from the surface to (2)__. (1) radiation fog; (2) 1 000 ft or more. (1) radiation fog; (2) less than 300 ft. (1) frontal fog; (2) less than 300 ft. (1) frontal fog; (2) 1 000 ft or more.

An aircraft is expected to clear a terrain by 2000 ft. The elevation of the mountain is 6254 ft and the local QNH at an airport of elevation 3100 ft is 991 hPa, ISA +24ºC. Calculate the flight level in order to clear the mountain range by the specified clearance. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft. FL85. FL70. FL75. FL95.

What weather conditions in the region of the Alps would you expect with Foehn from south?. Heavy airframe icing conditions on the northern side of the Alps. Heavy clear air turbulence on the southern side of the Alps. Clouds, on the southern sides of passes in the Alps. Strong north winds on the southern side of the Alps.

How can meteorologists accurately forecast the movement of a tropical revolving storm (TRS)?. Satellite observation. IR (infrared) observation. Visual observation. They cannot, it is very difficult to predict the movement of a TRS.

The Airborne Weather Radar (AWR) can identify: Precipitation, some models can also calculate intensity and predicted turbulence. Areas which are dangerous for aircraft icing. The intensity levels for aircraft icing as defined by ICAO are indicated by contour lines. All clouds. Stratocumulus and its vertical development.

What aviation hazard is most likely to be associated with downbursts?. Wind shear. Severe icing. Loss of visual reference. Lightning.

From the following TAF you can assume that visibility at 2055Z in Birmingham (EGBB) will be: EGBB 261000Z 2618/2712 28015G25KT 9999 SCT025 TEMPO 2618/2622 29018G35KT 4000 SHRASN BKN010CB PROB30 TEMPO 2618/2621 1500 TSGR BKN004CB BECMG 2622/2624 26010KT=. more than 10 km. a minimum of 1,5 km and a maximum of 5 km. a maximum of 5 km. not less than 1,5 km but could be in excess of 10 km.

Calculate the local QNH, given: During descent, Transition Level given by ATC is at FL55; True altitude is 6 000 ft; temperature is on average ISA +10ºC. (Assume: 30 ft / hPa). 1 013 hPa. 1 021 hPa. 1 029 hPa. It is not possible to calculate the local QNH.

An aircraft is expected to clear a terrain by 2000 ft. The elevation of the mountain is 14200 ft and the local QNH at an airport of elevation 6500 ft is 1013 hPa, OAT -23ºC. Calculate the indicated altitude to be shown in the altimeter in order to clear the mountain range by specified clearance. Use 1 hPa = 27 ft. 17200 ft. 17800 ft. 15450 ft. 16450 ft.

You are flying to an airport which is located on the coast at the sea level of a Norwegian fjord (a long narrow inlet of the sea). You can expect the approach to the aerodrome to be affected by sea smoke under the following conditions: Surface air temperature -5°C 500 ft temperature +5°C Water temperature -10°C. Surface air temperature +5°C 500 ft temperature 0°C Water temperature +10°C. Surface air temperature -5°C 500 ft temperature -5°C Water temperature +10°C. Surface air temperature +5°C 500 ft temperature 0°C Water temperature -10°C.

The average temperature of an air mass is ISA -10°C. Determine the vertical distance between FL70 and FL40: 2 700 ft. 2 880 ft. 3 000 ft. 3 120 ft.

Similar climatic conditions can be found in many regions across the Earth. An example of a geographical area with an equatorial climate is (1) _____ and an example of an area with a temperate climate is (2) _____. (1) the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa; (2) central Siberia. (1) the Congo delta in Africa; (2) the Kalahari desert in Southern Africa. (1) the Brazilian rainforest; (2) the South Island of New Zealand. (1) Mali in the Sahara Desert; (2) the Northern Territories of Australia.

What terms/values must be inserted below? Thunderstorms form when an air mass becomes so unstable that it convects violently. Under these conditions pockets of near-surface air can form into a .... (1) cloud, which may reach a height of up to .... (2) km. 1. Cumulonimbus; 2. 20. 1. Cumulonimbus; 2. 12. 1. Nimbos; 2. 14. 1. Cumulus; 2. 14.

During a low level flight at 1 000 ft over the sea, an aircraft approaches an intense area of low pressure. A QNH of 1012 hPa is set on the subscale. Which of the following statements correctly describes the situation regarding the aircraft's altitude?. The indicated altitude from the aneroid altimeter will be decreasing. The radio altimeter will show an increase in altitude. The aircraft's true altitude will be decreasing. The pressure altitude will be increasing.

What is included in a METAR regarding runway condition? 1. Runway designator 2. Airport designator 3. Extent of contamination 4. Depth of deposits 5. Breaking coefficient 6. Prediction/trend. 1, 3, 4, 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

One major advantage of the gridded forecasts is: Data can be relayed by aircraft or pilot reports by being merged to onboard information processing systems. Gridded forecasts are issued every 2 hours and cover a wide range of information. Airborne meteorological stations provide real-time gridded weather information. Pilots can issue their own gridded forecasts.

At the approach of a warm front (northern hemisphere) the wind direction changes from the surface up to the tropopause. The effect of this change is that the wind.. veers in the friction layer and backs above the friction layer. backs in the friction layer and veers above the friction layer. veers in the friction layer and veers above the friction layer. backs in the friction layer and backs above the friction layer.

Which of the following statements is correct as regards fog, mist or haze?. Fog is water that has condensed close to ground level, producing a cloud of very small droplets that reduces visibility to less than 1 km. Mist consists of fine dust or salt particles in the air that reduce visibility to a lesser extent than fog. Haze is made up of fine ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere that reduce visibility to between 1 km and 5 km. Haze is a dense suspension in the air of small particles produced by burning that reduces visibility to less than 1 km.

Solar radiation is the primary source of all weather processes. When it interacts with the atmosphere and the earth.. one part is absorbed by the atmosphere, almost all of the incoming radiation reaches the surface of the earth, where it is completely absorbed, leading to maximum temperatures at the ground. the major part remains in the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is an effective absorber of solar radiation, temperatures in the ozone layer are therefore similar to surface temperatures. the major part is absorbed by atmospheric gases and clouds, the temperature rise in the affected layers leads to long wave terrestrial radiation. one part is absorbed in the ozone layer, another part is reflected by clouds and the surface of the earth, the major part is absorbed by the surface of the earth.

Why is the wind in the METAR different from the wind broadcasted by the ATIS?. In the METAR, the surface wind is the average of the last 10 minutes. In the ATIS, it is the average of the last 2 min. In the METAR, the surface wind is the average of the last 2 minutes. In the ATIS, it is the average of the last 10 min. In the METAR, the surface wind is the average of the last 10 minutes. In the ATIS, it is the average of the last 5 min. Because the surface wind is measured at different locations and heights.

During a low level flight at 2 000 ft over the sea, an aircraft approaches an intense area of high pressure. What is correct regarding the aircraft’s altitude with a QNH of 1014 hPa set on the subscale?. The indicated altitude from the aneroid altimeter will be decreasing. The radio altimeter will show a decrease in altitude. The aircraft’s true altitude will be increasing. The pressure altitude will be increasing.

The chart shows wind vector, speed, and temperature at various altitudes above the indicated positions. What weather phenomenon might the pilot of an aircraft departing from an airport located in the area of 5230N 0230W expect shortly after take-off when passing 2000 ft if the associated weather is nimbostratus cloud with a base of 3500 ft?. Hail. Wind shear. Freezing rain. CAT.

The figure presents schematic views of some of the cloud genera according to the World Meteorological Cloud Atlas. Which two cloud genera are marked with the numbers "1 and 2?" and "6 and 7?"?. Cumulus, altostratus. Stratocumulus, altostratus. Stratus, altostratus. Cumulus, altocumulus.

A student pilot carried out two identical cross-country flights at 2 000 ft, one in the afternoon and the other just after sunrise. On returning from the early morning cross-country flight the student asked why the flight was so much smoother and easier to fly. How can this observation be explained?. The increased stability and reduced convection likely decreased the upper limit of the turbulent friction layer to below 2 000 ft on the early morning cross-country flight. The low-level winds at night, and in the early morning, are usually much stronger and more laminar compared to those in the afternoon. The strong nocturnal inversion present in the early morning most likely stopped turbulence and wind shear. In the early morning, the changes in stability and the lighter winds lift the friction layer to well above 2 000 ft.

A blocking anticyclone in the northern hemisphere is: a cold anticyclone, situated over Scandinavia and steering depressions. a cold anticyclone, situated between 50°N and 70°N and steering depressions. a quasi-stationary, warm anticyclone, situated between 50°N and 70°N. a quasi-stationary, cold anticyclone, situated between 50°N and 70°N.

The stable layer at some height in the low troposphere of an older high pressure area in the mid-latitudes is called: trade wind inversion. radiation inversion. subsidence inversion. friction inversion.

What is correct about forecasts of en-route turbulence?. The forecasts of en-route turbulence issued by the Meteorological Watch Office for the FIR are NOT considered reliable because they depend on pilots making accurate and timely in-flight reports of turbulence, and in practice these reports are subjective and often NOT relevant to other aircraft. The most recent forecasts of en-route turbulence on significant weather charts are considered to be both reliable and accurate because they are modified automatically by pilot in-flight reports relayed via data link to the relevant Meteorological Watch Office for the applicable FIR. The accurate forecasting of the severity, extent, and levels affected by turbulence is based on modelling; because forecast documentation also covers a fixed time period it is often NOT reliable, so pilot reports of turbulence are of great value. The turbulence forecasts on significant weather charts are based on modern and comprehensive computer modelling techniques using all available data, and they are considered to be both accurate and reliable, making pilot reports redundant.

The atmospheric density is expected to be 50% of the density at MSL in ISA at: 18 000 ft. 22 000 ft. 35 000 ft. 40 000 ft.

A flight in summer was planned to take-off from Phuket, Thailand at 08:30 LT, but the departure was delayed to 11:00 LT. What could happen to the take-off performance because of this? The climb performance during take-off (1) _____ because the air density (2) _____. (1) improves; (2) increases. (1) improves; (2) decreases. (1) degrades; (2) increases. (1) degrades; (2) decreases.

Which is true of a secondary depression in the northern hemisphere?. It tends to move round the primary in an anticyclonic sense. It tends to maintain its position relative to the primary. It tends to move round the primary in a cyclonic sense. It rapidly closes on, and merges with the primary.

Which statement concerning volume and temperature of an ascending parcel of air is correct?. The volume decreases and the temperature decreases. The volume remains constant while the temperature decreases. The volume increases while the temperature decreases. The volume increases while the temperature remains constant.

How is the meteorological visibility determined in the METAR?. It is the greatest value which is reached at least within half of the horizon as seen from the aerodrome. The maximum determined by a meteorologist in a 360° scan at the horizon. The lowest observed in a 360° scan from the meteorological station. Given by transmissometer when the visibility is below 1 500 metres.

In an ascending unsaturated parcel of air.. the relative humidity increases. the mixing ratio decreases. the pressure remains constant. the temperature decreases at a constant rate of 0.65°C/100 m (2°C/1000 ft).

You are on an approach to an airfield, descending through the friction layer. The wind changes from a headwind to a slight right crosswind. This is typical for northern hemisphere. This is typical for southern hemisphere. The airfield is most probably situated near water (on the seaside). This is due to changing wind directions on approach.

A convergence is a situation where the winds: Transport more mass of air in than out. Flow together without changing the mass of air. Transport less mass of air in than out. Flow apart without changing the mass of air.

What are the dangers of flying close to the ITCZ?. Light showers, strong winds, and thunderstorms at noon. Showers, strong winds, fog, and thunderstorms at dawn and dusk. Showers, strong winds and thunderstorms at dawn and dusk. Showers, strong winds, and thunderstorms at noon.

St. Elmo`s fire near thunderstorms can be described as.. the electric charge of the aircraft caused by air parcels over the wings and windscreen. an electric discharge from the aircraft caused by static build-up on the airframe. lightning from the top of a mature cumulonimbus cloud hitting the fuselage. lightning in the horizontal plane in a cumulonimbus cloud hitting the wing tip.

When 1 hour away from the destination, the pilot receives notification that tornado activity is observed 10 NM from the airport, moving towards the airport and away from the direction in which the aircraft is flying. Based on this information, the best course of action for the pilot is to... continue according to the flight plan, as a typical tornado would pass over the airport in approximately 6 minutes. reduce the aircraft speed, as a typical tornado would pass over the airport in approximately 20 to 40 minutes. adjust the aircraft speed, as a typical tornado would be over the airport in approximately 90 minutes. continue according to the flight plan, as a typical tornado would pass over the airport in approximately 3 minutes.

A Tornado when compared to a dust devil, is normally (1)__ in Diameter and originates from (2)__. (1) Narrower, (2) the ground. (1) Wider, (2) the ground. (1) Narrower, (2) a cloud. (1) Wider, (2) a cloud.

When en-route and maintaining a constant flight level, how can you correctly describe the relationship between the true altitude and changes to the atmospheric pressure?. As pressure decreases the flight level will increase and true altitude will increase. At a constant flight level, variations in pressure do NOT affect the true altitude. As pressure increases the true altitude decreases. As pressure decreases the true altitude decreases.

Flying in the southern hemisphere at 3000 ft you notice a drift to the left. What will happen to your true altitude?. No change. Increase. Decrease. First no change, then increase.

What cloud may extend into more than one level?. Cumulus Calvus. Altostratus. Stratus. Cirrus.

If Paris reports a wind of 190/15KT on the METAR, what wind velocity would you expect to encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground?. 220/10KT. 250/25KT. 160/20KT. 220/30KT.

Which of the following cloud types is classified as low level cloud?. SC. CS. AC. AS.

How long does a typical frontal depression last in Europe?. 2 to 3 hours. 2 days. 7 to 10 days. 15 to 20 days.

When examining the legend for decoding the Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) areas, you notice the coding for CAT area 1 is “XXX”. What does this code mean on this chart with regard to CAT area1?. Moderate turbulence is forecast from below chart level to FL450. Light turbulence is forecast from FL250 to below FL450. Moderate turbulence is forecast from FL250 to FL450. Light turbulence is forecast from FL100 to FL250.

In a tropical storm, what is the maximum sustained wind speed that can be encountered?. 112 knots. 63 knots. 95 knots. 33 knots.

What cloud type are you most likely to see after the passage of a cold front?. Cumulonimbus. Cirrus. Cumulus. Stratus.

When flying on the northern hemisphere under tailwind conditions (cross wind component zero), which statement is correct regarding the location of pressure systems in relation to your flight path?. A low pressure area is on your left. You are flying towards an area of high pressure. A low pressure area is on your right. You are flying towards an area of low pressure.

In the case of blowing snow, visibility may be reduced to a minimum value of.. 100 metres. 1 metre. 1000 metres. 500 metres.

Over the Indian ocean and the Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones are: frequently observed, in the average 15 per year over the Indian Ocean, but never over the Bay of Bengal. occasionally observed, in the average 12 per year. rare, in the average one every two years. never observed.

What words must be used to complete the statement below? A wing, contaminated with ice, will typically stall at(1).... Angle Of Attack (AOA) and at (2).... airspeed, with small amounts of ice having already an effect, whereby the effect (3).... if the ice is rough. 1. a lower 2. a higher 3. is greater. 1. a lower 2. a lower 3. is greater. 1. a higher 2. a higher 3. is greater. 1. a higher 2. a lower 3. is greater.

What is the lowest visibility forecast for Bangkok at ETA 14:00 UTC? TAF VTBD 271800Z 2800/2824 VRB05KT 1200 BR TEMPO 2800/2802 4000 BECMG 2802/2805 9999 NSW SCT015 BKN100 TEMPO 2811/2818 04010G20KT 4500 TSRA SCT009 BKN014 BKN018CB BECMG 2820/2824 4000=. 10 km or more. 1200 metres. 4500 metres. 6 km.

You plan a flight to take-off from a coastal airfield in hazy conditions during sunrise. Which of the following runways will provide the worst visibility?. 36. 18. 27. 09.

At 2000 ft above the sea in the northern hemisphere, the gradient wind of a cyclonic pressure distribution is 350° / 24 kts. At the same position, the surface wind would approximate.. 030° / 28 kts. 340° / 28 kts. 030° / 20 kts. 340° / 20 kts.

Which of the following changes of state is known as melting?. Liquid to gas. Solid to liquid. Solid to gas. Liquid to solid.

Select from the map the average temperature for the route Helsinki - Kiev at FL 150. -32°C. -38°C. -23°C. -26°C.

What is the average vertical extent of radiation fog?. 500 ft. 10000 ft. 5000 ft. 2000 ft.

Which gas component of the air has the greatest importance for the weather on earth?. Nitrogen. Water vapour. Carbon dioxide. Oxygen.

What is the abbreviation used in METAR and TAF, when ice particles with a diameter of 4 mm have been observed?. GR. FZRA. PL. IC.

The type of satellite imagery best suitable for identifying volcanic smoke is/are: Water vapor and infrared. Visible and infrared. Infrared only. Visible only.

The maximum content of water vapour is 20 g/kg. What is the relative humidity if the actual content of water vapour is 15 g/kg?. 15%. 25%. 75%. 80%.

Check the correctness of the following statements. 1. The summer monsoon in the southern part of India is a NE monsoon 2. The prevailing climatic zone in Australia is the dry climate. 1 is not correct, 2 is correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 1 and 2 are not correct. 1 is correct, 2 is not correct.

It is late August and you are preparing for a flight to a destination in southern India. What additional monsoon-related elements should be mentioned in the arrival briefing?. There could be significant reductions in visibility from sand and dust blown in from the Indian subcontinent. Highly probable encounters with severe clear air turbulence from the associated sub-tropical jet stream. The possibility of moderate to severe turbulence and heavy precipitation from convective clouds. The potential for severe freezing rain in the sub-zero temperatures below 10 000 ft.

Which set of surface values for temperature/relative humidity and freezing level is typical for the tropical rain climate?. +20°C, 90%, FL100. +42°C, 20%, FL220. +15°C, 60%, FL75. +28°C, 80%, FL150.

A crew is to fly across the himalayas, and the most efficient level to fly at is FL290. What is the approximate minimum terrain clearance at FL290 given the following meteorological information? Elevation of highest terrain close to intended routing: 25460 ft Outside air temperature at FL290: -60°C QNH reported by nearby station close to sea level: 982 hPa. 2700 ft. 680 ft. 2230 ft. 1450 ft.

Clouds will mainly consist of supercooled water droplets when the temperature is: between -30°C and -40°C. between 0°C and -15°C. below -40°C. between -5°C and -30°C.

During an ILS approach on RWY 33, a north-westerly wind is blowing parallel to the runway. Its speed is decreasing rapidly with height while its change in direction is negligible. What has the pilot to be aware of with respect to wind shear and glide path (no autopilot engaged)?. Without the pilot`s intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly below the designated glide path with decreasing deviation from it. Without the pilot`s intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly below the designated glide path with increasing deviation from it. A deviation from the glide path will not have to be considered since there is no significant wind shear to be expected. Without the pilot`s intervention, the aircraft is likely to fly above the designated glide path with increasing deviation from it.

What is the main composition of clouds classified as "high level clouds"?. Water vapour. Water droplets. Ice crystals. Supercooled water droplets.

What pressure system has upwards curving pressure surfaces on the ground and aloft?. cold low. warm high. cold high. warm low.

What cloud type can produce freezing rain?. Cumulonimbus. Stratocumulus. Nimbostratus. Stratus.

The mean height of the tropical zero degree isotherm is: 12 000 ft. 16 000 ft. 19 000 ft. 14 000 ft.

According to the chart, which one of the following weather phenomena can be encountered at FL120 over the north-west corner of Spain?. Severe icing. Moderate icing. Cumulonimbus. Severe turbulence.

Your departure aerodrome lies at the bottom of a valley in the mountains. Overnight, with clear skies, the wind has started to blow down the mountainside. The air temperature at 1 000 ft AGL is +2°C. What temperature could be expected at the airport just after sunrise?. +6°C. +4.5°C. +2°C. -1°C.

Refer to the jet stream section overhead Iceland. In this part of the jet stream there are two small, solid black lines across the jet stream axis. Which of the following correctly decodes this symbol?. The height of the jet stream axis changes by +/- 3 000 ft and / or the speed varies by +/- 20 kt. The height of the jet stream axis changes by +/- 6 000 ft and / or the speed varies by +/- 30 kt. It indicates that the jet stream is rapidly decaying. There is insufficient space in that area of the chart to describe the significant weather associated with the jet stream.

Determine which of these statements about air masses are correct or incorrect. 1. The polar ice caps are source regions of polar air. 2. A tropical continental air mass can be a cold air mass. (1) is correct, (2) is correct. (1) is correct, (2) is incorrect. (1) is incorrect, (2) is correct. (1) is incorrect, (2) is incorrect.

Which climatic type is to be expected between 10°N and 10°S?. Tropical transitional climate. Tropical rain climate. Warm temperate rain climate. Arid subtropical climate.

The dew point is defined as the... temperature at which moisture in the air will condense as a layer of frost on any exposed surface. temperature at which the vapour present in a sample of air would just cause saturation. ratio of the vapour pressure of a sample of air to the saturation pressure at the existing temperature. temperature at which the pressure experted by the surroundings upon a liquid is equalled by the pressure exerted by the vapour of the liquid.

Which of the following choices lists only main cloud genera that are mostly the clue for an unstable thermal stratification in the atmosphere?. Cirrocumulus, altocumulus, cumulus. Cirrostratus, altostratus, stratus. Cirrocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus. Stratocumulus, altocumulus, cirrus.