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Everything on our Earth is made from. 86 stable elements, and each element has a different atomic structure. 96 stable elements, and each element has a different atomic structure. 106 stable elements, and each element has a different atomic structure.

The core of an atom is a. neutron. nucleus. electron.

Elements have different properties because they have different. atomic structures. chemical compositions. physical compositions.

Elements that have similar properties when they have the same number of. electrons. protons. nuclei in the outer orbit of their respective atomic structures.

A nucleus contains. neutrons and protons. electrons and protons. neutrons and electrons.

Protons carry. positive charge. negative change. no charge.

Electrons carry. positive charge. negative charge. no charge.

Neutrons carry. positive charge. negative charge. no charge.

The outer orbit of atoms has a diameter that is. 100 times of that of a nucleus. 1000 times of that of a nucleus. 10,000 times of that of a nucleus.

A periodic table consists of. 96 elements. 103 elements. 108 elements.

Silicon atoms contain. 8 electrons. 10 electrons. 14 electrons.

Silicon atoms have. 4 electrons in their outer orbit. 6 electrons in their outer orbit. 8 electrons in their outer orbit.

An ion carries. electric charge. magnetic charge. electrostatic charge.

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove. neutrons from the outer orbit of an atom. protons from the outer orbit of an atom. electrons from the outer orbit of an atom.

The forces that bind the atoms in a molecule are called. intermolecular forces. electrostatic forces. interatomic forces.

Molecules are made of bounded. electrons. atoms. nuclei.

The intermolecular forces are. van der Waals in nature. electrostatic in nature. electromagnetic in nature.

The intermolecular forces, in general, are. proportional to the distances between molecules. equal to to the distances between molecules. inversely proportional to the distances between molecules.

The physical behavior of solid molecules is typically. strong in kinetic energy and atomic cohesive forces. weak in kinetic energy and atomic cohesive forces. weak in kinetic energy but strong in atomic cohesive forces.

Positive silicon can be produced by doping with. boron atoms. phosphorus atoms. either kind of atom.

Negative silicon can be produced by doping with. boron atoms. phosphorus atoms. either kind of atom.

Silicon is a semiconducting material. It can be made more electrically conductive by. doping process. a diffusion process. an electric implantation process.

N-type silicon is. less conductive as p-type silicon when doped with same dose of dopant. more conductive as p-type silicon when doped with same dose of dopant. about equally conductive as p-type silicon when doped with same dose of dopant.

Diffusion is a good way to. coat foreign materials in silicon substrates. implant foreign materials in silicon substrates. remove foreign materials in silicon substrates.

Diffusion analysis is based on. Fourier’s law. Fick’s law. Hooke’s law.

Plasma is a gas that. does carry electric charges. does not carry electric charges. may carry electric charges.

To maintain a plasma, one needs to keep supplying. high temperature to the plasma chamber. high pressure to the plasma chamber. high electrical field to the plasma chamber.

Electrochemistry involves. chemical reactions. ionization. decomposition of any substance caused by an electric current.

Electrolysis involves the production of. chemicals. chemical changes. ionization in a substance by the application of an electric potential.

Electrolysis uses. an ac power supply. a dc power supply. either an ac or dc power supply.

An electrolyte is. an electrode. the container. the solution that conducts electric current in an electrolysis process.

A cathode is the. positive electrode. negative electrode. neutral electrode.

Electrohydrodynamics deals with. dissolution of a fluid under an applied electric field. motion of a fluid under an applied electric field. solidification of a fluid under an applied electric field.

The principal use of electrohydrodynamics in microsystems is to. conduct electrolysis of minute chemicals. move minute amounts of fluid. detect minute amounts of fluid.

Electro-osmotic pumping is used to move minute amounts of. homogeneous fluid in capillary passages. heterogeneous fluid in capillary passages. any fluid in capillary passages.

Electropheretic pumping is used to move minute amounts of. homogeneous fluid in capillary passages. heterogeneous fluid in capillary passages. any fluid in capillary passages.

An anode is the. positive electrode. negative electrode. neutral electrode.

Quantum physics is used to describe. physical movement of atoms. energy transport. collisions of atoms in MEMS and nanosystems.

A quantum represents the smallest amount of. mass that any system can gain or lose. volume that any system can gain or lose. energy that any system can gain or lose.

Photons have the mass equal to. an electron. a neutron. zero.