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The application of the scaling laws in miniaturization is to assess the consequences on. the physical effect on miniaturized products. the economic effect on miniaturized products. the market effect on miniaturized products.

Scaling laws are derived from. design engineers’ experience. the laws of physics. the market demands.

Scaling in geometry is critical in miniaturizing. moving components of MEMS products. sensing components of MEMS products. overall dimensions of MEMS products.

The Trimmer’s force scaling vector is used to assess miniaturization relating to. heat flow in solids in the design of MEMS. fluid flow in the design of MEMS. rigid-body dynamics in the design of MEMS.

For order 1 scaling such as surface-to-volume scaling, the acceleration varies. linearly. to the square power. to the cubic power.

The reason why electrostatic forces are favored over the electromagnetic forces in microactuation is that electrostatic forces scale. better than electromagnetic forces. worse than electromagnetic forces. about the same as electromagnetic forces.

Electromagnetic forces scale. 2 orders of magnitude worse than electrostatic forces. 3 orders of magnitude worse than electrostatic forces. 4 orders of magnitude worse than electrostatic forces.

The power loss due to electric resistivity is. much more severe in small-sized systems. less severe in small-sized systems. about the same in small-sized systems.

Pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a smaller circular conduit is. much greater than that in a larger conduit. about equal to that in a larger conduit. much less than that in a larger conduit.

The volumetric flow of fluid in a smaller circular conduit is. much greater than that in a larger conduit. about equal to that in a larger conduit. much smaller than that in a larger conduit.

The effect of surface tension on fluid flowing in a capillary tube makes the pressure drop. much greater than the same flow in mesosize tubes. about equal to the same flow in mesosize tubes. much less than the same flow in mesosize tubes.

The effect of surface tension on fluid flowing in a capillary tube makes the volumetric flow. much greater than the same flow in mesosize tubes. about equal to the same flow in mesosize tubes. much less than the same flow in mesosize tubes.

Heat flows. faster in a smaller solid than in a larger solid. slower in a smaller solid than in a larger solid. about the same in a smaller solid than in a larger solid.

The mode of heat transmission in gas in extremely narrow passages is. conduction. convection. radiation.

Heat transmission in gases is drastically different in a narrow passage of size less than. 5λ where λ is the mean free path of gas molecules. 7λ where λ is the mean free path of gas molecules. 9λ where λ is the mean free path of gas molecules.