ACTION RESEARCH

Scenario: Planning to conduct research in the classroom to improve students' speaking skills by observing interactions and reflecting on teaching practice. QUESTION 1: What type of research are you conducting?. Correlational Research. Experimental Research. Descriptive Research. Action Research.

What is the main difference between pedagogical research and action research?. Pedagogical research is collaborative, action research is not. Pedagogical research seeks objective answers, AR seeks reflective solutions. Action research avoids theory, pedagogy uses it. Action research happens in labs, pedagogy in classrooms.

Teachers in a district are asked to collect data together on a new teaching method. What larger benefit can this bring?. Reducing collaboration. Building a professional culture and learning community. Individual competition. Eliminating teacher reflection.

Scenario 16: A key strength of action research is its depth, but this comes with a trade-off. 16. What is a primary DISADVANTAGE that results from this deep, focused approach?. It does not allow researchers to gain firsthand experience. It is universally considered an unethical research method. It is unable to collect data from as many people as quantitative methods. It always produces simplistic and superficial results.

Scenario 4: Mr. Evans has identified a problem in his classroom and is beginning to plan his action research. He remembers a cyclical model mentioned in class. 4. Which model, cited as being from Stringer, Johnson, and Mertler, represents the core cyclical stages of action research?. Introduce, Develop, Conclude. Question, Research, Present. Hypothesize, Experiment, Conclude. Observe, Plan, Act, Reflect.

Scenario 10: Researchers have collected survey data where students selected their preferred learning style from a list of options: (1) by playing games, (2) by doing, (3) by watching TV, etc. 10. The numbers (1, 2, 3...) assigned to these learning style options are an example of?. Quantitative value-based data. Open coding. Numerical codes for non-numeric categories. Selective coding.

Scenario 20: When establishing a "base of operations" for field research, a team should 20. Identify a location where they can find their target audience and?. Work without being disturbed. Ensure no one from the institution is present. Keep their research goals a secret from everyone. Entertain the participants with games.

Scenario 1: Professor Kim is advising a student teacher, Elena, on how to select a focus for her action research project. Elena is passionate about improving student motivation but is unsure how to narrow her topic. 1. What is the FIRST piece of advice Professor Kim should give Elena?. Skip brainstorming and go straight to reading complex journal articles. Select a topic that is popular but not necessarily manageable. Brainstorm for ideas to generate potential topics. Immediately choose the most complex problem you can find.

Scenario 10: A research team is conducting a study in a shopping mall. They are confident they can recruit many participants quickly. 10. Based on what has been learnt, what is a potential risk of being overconfident in an open space like this?. Open spaces are always the best place for accurate data collection. People in open spaces are often in a hurry, which may increase incorrect answers. It is easier to find willing participants in a mall than anywhere else. Weather will never be a factor in an open space study.

Scenario 7: Carlos is in the "Plan" stage of his action research. He is designing his intervention and data collection methods. 7. What key elements must Carlos's plan include?. Steps to take action and how to gather information/data. A guaranteed prediction of the study's outcomes. The budget for the research project. Only a list of materials needed.

Scenario 12: When evaluating the "action-data connection" in a research report, a reviewer is looking for: 12. How the taken action is connected to the data analysis and interpretation?. How the taken action is connected to the data analysis and interpretation. The number of participants who were interviewed. The personal opinions of the researcher without evidence. The cost of the materials used in the intervention.

Scenario 14: The rapid pace of social and technological change requires new approaches in education. 14. How is action research positioned in response to this change?. As a method only suitable for corporate settings, not schools. As a purely theoretical exercise with no practical application. As one of the tools for change and improvement in organizational quality. As an outdated method that cannot keep up with change.

Scenario 16: Success in action research is not about finding simple answers but about managing complexity. +216. What is said about action research successfully manages and solves?. Theoretical debates with no real-world application. Simple, well-defined problems with one correct answer. Only problems related to student discipline. Problematic situations and practical problems.

Scenario: Studying if immediate online feedback improves students' test performance by randomly assigning two class sections to different feedback timings.QUESTION : Which research design fits this scenario?. Quasi-Experimental Design. Experimental Design. Case Study. Survey Research.

Scenario: Measuring the relationship between students' attendance and their final grades. Q: What type of action research model does this represent?. Cause. Comparative. Evaluative. Correlational.

Scenario: A principal wants to diagnose low student motivation and propose new teaching strategies. Q: Which action research model should be used?. Documentary. Descriptive. Proposal. Analytics.

Scenario: Researching common teaching practices in different cultural contexts through immersive study. Q: Which methodology aligns with this goal?. Case Study. Experimental. Survey. Ethnography.

Scenario: Comparing study habits of students attending traditional classes and those studying online. Q: Which action research model does this describe?. Comparative. Descriptive. Proposal. Evaluative.

Scenario: Wanting to know the effects of a new teaching method but cannot randomly assign students to groups. Q: Which design would you most likely use?. Experimental. Descriptive. Documentary. Quasi-experimental.

Which of the following is NOT usually a challenge for teachers doing action research?. Lack of access to research resources. Immediate salary increase. Limited time due to teaching load. Insufficient recognition of research work.

Question 1: Professor Martinez notices that her fellow English teachers are hesitant to try new methodologies despite professional development workshops. As an educational leader conducting action research, which leadership approach should she prioritize to create sustainable change?. Major Event Theory - waiting for a crisis to motivate change. Authoritarian approach - mandating that all teachers adopt new methods immediately. Transformative Leadership - establishing a shared vision, removing roadblocks, and creating a participatory environment. Attribute Theory - relying on her natural charisma to convince others.

Action research purpose Question: What is the primary purpose of action research in language teaching?. To replace university-wide policy decisions. To systematically investigate a real classroom problem and implement improvements. To publish at least one paper per term regardless of results. To conduct theoretical debates with no classroom application.

Scenario: A national education committee is working to revise the country's English curriculum to better prepare students for the demands of the global workplace. This effort aligns best with the core focus of Applied Linguistics, which is:?. Classifying language types using phonological rules. Defining philosophical problems of language acquisition. Conducting experimental research on universal grammar. Providing more efficient means of communication in society.

Scenario: A teacher gives students five minutes to quickly look over a long academic article on Applied Linguistics to determine if it is relevant to their current research topic. Which specific reading sub-skill is the teacher asking the students to employ?. Skimming. Scanning. Reading for detail. Extensive reading.

Scenario: A teacher notices that her students often use formal language with their peers and informal language with the teacher, failing to adapt their style. This challenge points to a deficit in which domain of the communicative ability?. Sociocultural and pragmatic knowledge. Grammar. Lexicon. Pronunciation.

Scenario: To assess the communicative competence of a student, a university uses a speaking grid that evaluates their ability to express themselves clearly and effectively using a wide range of language features. The overall objective of using such a grid is to place the student on a continuum of achievement, with the highest level orresponding to what general CEFR classification?. Basic User. Independent User. Beginner User. Proficient User.

Scenario: Ms. Carla observes that her students have excellent ideas for their essays but often fail to create a rich vocabulary bank before writing, resulting in repetitive language. Which initial writing activity should Ms. Carla use to help students generate varied vocabulary and ideas related to the topic?. Acrostic. Comic Strips. Index cards. Brainstorming.

Lucia is conducting action research on extensive reading programs and wants to demonstrate PROFESSIONALISM as an educational leader. Which action best exemplifies this dimension?. Prioritizing personal convenience over professional obligations. Following rules mechanically without considering student welfare. Avoiding difficult conversations to maintain popularity. Setting the tone for professionalism by holding herself accountable to ethical responsibilities and taking courageous action to advocate for children's right to quality education.

Juan is leading an action research project on improving English speaking skills in his institution. Following Bush's (2008) leadership definition, what should be his PRIMARY focus as an educational leader?. Implementing changes without consulting others to save time. Focusing exclusively on administrative tasks and documentation. Demonstrating his superior teaching abilities to establish authority. Influencing colleagues and students to identify with the mission of improving speaking skills so they work toward its realization.

Gabriela is implementing schoolwide action research on differentiated instruction. Which function of educational leaders should the administration prioritize to support her initiative's success?. Focusing exclusively on standardized test preparation. Providing space, time, and trust that encourages school leaders and teachers to innovate while ensuring continuous professional development. Implementing rigid compliance measures without flexibility. Micromanaging every aspect of classroom instruction.

Data analysis – qualitative focus Question: Why is coding qualitative data important in AR?. It helps identify patterns and themes across observations and interviews. It complicates interpretation. It is unnecessary for language teaching AR. It replaces the need for quantitative data.

Scenario: A national education committee is working to revise the country's English curriculum to better prepare students for the demands of the global workplace. This effort aligns best with the core focus of Applied Linguistics, which is:?. Classifying language types using phonological rules. Providing more efficient means of communication in society. Defining philosophical problems of language acquisition. Conducting experimental research on universal grammar.

Scenario: A non-native English teacher is struggling to grade student speeches fairly because she over-focuses on minor pronunciation errors and ignores the students' fluency and effectiveness in conveying the message. The teacher needs to recognize that speaking is a communicative ability that, from a linguistic focus, encompasses which four main domains?. Pronunciation, lexicon, grammar, and sociocultural/pragmatic knowledge. Reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Word order, stress, intonation, and syntax. Fluency, accuracy, cohesion, and coherence.

Scenario: A teacher wants to introduce new, low-stakes activities to promote writing fluency. She gives students a list of common class objects and asks them to create a simple poem or descriptive phrase where each letter of the object's name begins a new line. Which specific writing activity is the teacher implementing?. Unscramble activities. Comic Strips. Acrostic. Brainstorming.

Scenario: Professor Diaz provides students with a graphic organizer listing different emotions (e.g., excitement, frustration, confusion). Students must check the emotion expressed by the speaker in an audio clip. What specific non-verbal aspect of language is Professor Diaz primarily encouraging students to focus on?. Suprasegmental features (intonation, tone of voice). Grammatical structure. Lexical knowledge. Semantic inference.

Tomás wants to ensure his action research project on speaking activities demonstrates the KNOWLEDGE dimension of educational leadership. Which approach best shows he understands this dimension?. Relying solely on personal opinions without evidence. Refusing to learn new approaches or update his understanding. Using only outdated teaching methods from decades ago. Building and sharing pedagogical, theoretical, and contextual knowledge; recognizing how knowledge changes over time according to context.

Juan is leading an action research project on improving English speaking skills in his institution. Following Bush's (2008) leadership definition, what should be his PRIMARY focus as an educational leader?. Focusing exclusively on administrative tasks and documentation. Demonstrating his superior teaching abilities to establish authority. Influencing colleagues and students to identify with the mission of improving speaking skills so they work toward its realization. Implementing changes without consulting others to save time.