Action Research

41. AR involves both ... change and reflection. testing and grading. writing and translation. speaking and listening.

42. Teachers doing AR often discover ... new insights into learner behaviour. administrative rules. textbook errors. political issues.

43. A case example like Isabella's shows ... how reflection can change classroom interaction. that students prefer tests. AR is optional. data are unnecessary.

44. AR encourages sharing because ... teachers learn from others' findings. it reduces workload. it is mandatory. it avoids feedback.

45. A key principle of AR is ... systematic self-study for improvement. competition. testing others. publishing quickly.

46. Data analysis in AR means ... interpreting findings to guide next action. calculating averages only. grading. marking tests.

47. Burns notes that AR benefits students by ... creating better learning conditions. reducing feedback. shortening courses. adding homework.

48. The reflection stage is linked to ... planning a new cycle. finishing research. avoiding teaching. grading.

49. AR supports lifelong learning because ... teachers keep questioning and improving. it ends after one term. it is static. it is external.

50. The spirit of Action Research is best summed up as ... learning by doing and reflecting to improve. memorising theory. grading students. writing policies.

51. The planning stage starts when teachers ... identify a classroom issue or puzzle. collect final data. write the report. finish reflection.

52. The goal of planning is to ... prepare an organised, realistic plan for change. finish the research. grade students. publish results.

53. A focus in Action Research means ... a specific classroom problem to explore. the class timetable. school rules. student marks.

54. Teachers' beliefs are important because they ... influence what they choose to investigate. have no effect. control students. replace ethics.

55. A useful research question is ... open, clear, and doable. long and general. unrelated to class. theoretical only.

56. Good planning makes research ... feasible and systematic. unpredictable. national in scope. unnecessary.

57. Teachers narrow topics to make them ... practical and answerable. larger. universal. abstract.

58. Ethical planning includes ... informed consent and privacy protection. ignoring data. sharing names. secret recording.

59. Participants should be ... voluntary and respected. forced. chosen randomly. unaware of the study.

60. The research question guides ... the type of data to collect. teacher salary. school holidays. exam design.