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is the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff.

is the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. Motor nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract. When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes.

means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

is the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body.

is the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body.

is the circular movement at the far end of a limb. An exam- ple of circumduction is the swinging motion of the far end of the arm.

is the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

is the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle. Pointing the toes and foot upward decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg.

is where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

is where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attach- ment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body.

means slanted or at an angle.

is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

means in a crosswise direction.

is a spe- cialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise pro- grams and administer medical tests to promote phys- ical fitness.

is a physician who spe- cializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

is inflammation of a fascia.

is a debilitat- ing chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

is an inflam- mation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

also known as hyperactivity, is abnormally increased muscle function or activity.

is a debilitating and complex disorder character- ized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

is a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

is the protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally con- taining it.

is a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflamma- tion and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

is the loss of mus- cle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

means lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

is the lack of muscle coor- dination during voluntary movement.

is the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues. The most common causes of contractures are scar- ring or the lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity.

is a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

is pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

is the quick, involuntary jerking of a mus- cle or group of muscles.

also known as hiccups, is myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the charac- teristic hiccup sound with each spasm.

also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

is extreme slowness in movement.

is the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in frag- mented or jerky motions.

is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuro- muscular junction (where the neuron activates the muscle to contract) and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

is properly referred to in the plural, which is muscular dystrophies. This general term describes a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are charac- terized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement,.

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the “compartment,” an enclosed space created by the fas- cia that separates groups of muscles.

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

symptoms occur when the ten- dons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen.

is a harmless, fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

is inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow (.

is a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis.

is an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. This condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running.

is an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.

isapainfulconditioncausedbythetibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone). Shin splints can develop in the anterolateral (front and side) muscles or in the posteromedial (back and middle) muscles of the lower leg.

is the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply (plural, paralyses).

is a weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

is slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

is total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

is the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

is paralysis of all four extremities.

is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

is the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

is the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

is the release of a tendon from adhesions.

is a surgical incision into a tendon.

is the surgical suturing of a muscle.

is a special- ized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.