cachones 326 a 390

A. The control plane continues forwarding Fibre Channel traffic. B. Layer 2 forwarding stops during the upgrade. C. The new software version is first downloaded on the standby supervisor. D. The data plane is down for more than 60 seconds.

A. FCoE enables the consolidation of LAN and SAN traffic into a single network infrastructure. B. FCoE provides file-level storage, which simplifies management compared to iSCSI block-level storage. C. FCoE operates on standard Ethernet networks, which eliminates the need for specialized Fibre Channel hardware. D. FCoE supports longer cable lenghts than iSCSI, which makes it ideal for connecting distant data centers.

Item 328 of 484 (Choice Q328) An engineer implements an environment with multiple traffic types on a consolidated I/O link between Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switch and MDS 9000 Series Switch. The configuration must meet these requirements 1. The unified I/O link must support LAN and SAN traffic. 2. A single, multipurpose Ethernet transport must be used. 3. The configuration must discard MAC addresses that are not part of the current fabric. 4. The QOS markings must be preserved. A. N9K-2(config)# interface Eth2 N9K-2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk N9K-2(config-if)# auto qos trust dscp. B. MDS-B(config)# interface fc3 MDS-B(config-if)# switchport trunk mode on MDS-B(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vsan 2-5. C. N9K-1(config)# fcoe fcmap 0e.fc.1d N9K-1(config-if)# int vfc 1 N9K-1(config-if)# bind interface e1/3. D. MDS-A(config)# interface fcip4 MDS-A(config-if)# use-profile 8 MDS-A(config-if)# peer-info ipaddr 200.200.100.7.

A. The process continues uninterrupted when a zone server merge is in progress. B. The system dynamically allocates space to load the new images. C. After the installation is completed, the system BIOS must be updated. D. If any CFS commits are pending in the fabric, the upgrade is aborted.

Item 330 of 484 Choice, Q330) The Cisco Nexus 5600 Series Switch experiences occasional Packet drops on interface ethernet 1/16. An engineer wants to implement a SPAN session to investigate the issue further. The network analyzer to which the packets must be directed is located on interface 1/3. The analyzer is limited on disk space available for traffic capture, so the Nexus switch should send only the relevant data. Which two command sets configure the SPAN session that meets these requirements? (choose two). A. interface Ethernet 1/3 Switchport span. B. monitor session 2 destination interface ethernet 1/3 span interface ethernet 1/16. C. monitor session 2 type SPAN-on-DROP destination interface ethernet 1/3 source interface ethernet 1/16. D. span session 2 type SPAN-on-DROP destination interface ethernet 1/3 source interface ethernet 1/16. E. interface ethernet 1/3 switchport monitor.

Item 331 of 484 (Choice, Q331) Refer to the exhibit, A SAN engineer configures an FCoE on a Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switch. The engineer connects a server to an Ethernet port but fails to access the storage. Which action completes the configuration?. A. Map vlan 1 to vsan 100. B. Add vfc 3 to the vsan 100 database. C. Enable the vfc 3 interface. D. Add ethernet 1/3 to the vsn 100 database.

A. N9K2(config-router)# area 1 nssa N9K3(config-router)# area 1 nssa. B. N9K1(config-router)# area 0 nssa N9K2(config-router)# area 0 nssa. C. N9K1(config-router)# area 0 stub no-summary N9K2(config-router)# area 0 stub. D. N9K2(config-router)# area 1 stub no-summary N9K3(config-router)# area 1 stub.

Item 333 of 484 (Choice, Q333) Refer to the exhibit. A Cisco VXLAN fabric must be configured to permit a 30-second lock for the IP address of a VMwhen the VM moves more than 10 times from server S1 to server S2 within 60 seconds. Which CLI command accomplishes this goal ?. A. fabric forwarding dup-host-ip-addr-detection 30 10. B. fabric forwarding dup-host-ip-addr-detection 10 60. C. fabric forwarding dup-host-ip-addr-detection 11 60. D. fabric forwarding dup-host-ip-addr-detection 60 11.

Item 334 of 484 (Choice, Q334) An engineer received a change request to configure the Cisco ACI fabric to support VMM integration with VMware . The VLAN range must be 100-400 and the APIC must automatically assign a VLAN ID to each group. Which configuration must the engineer configure for the VLAN pool to meet this requirements ?. A. VLAN pool: Dynamic VLAN range: Dynamic Role: Internal. B. VLAN pool: Static VLAN range: Inherit Role: External. C. VLAN pool: Static VLAN range: Dynamic Role: External. D. VLAN pool Dynamic VLAN range: Static Role: Internal.

A. to permit the users from the IP addresses listed to make changes to the DCHP configuration. B. to retain the DHCP bindings configuration across reboots. C. to retain the DHCP server configuration across reboots. D. to authenticate the users permitted to make the changes to the DHCP snooping feature.

A. Create a copy of the running configuration in the startup configuration. Rollback to the startup configuration. B. Create a backup of the running configuration to an ftp server. Rollback to the configuration stored in the server. C. Create a system generated checkpoint. Rollback to this checkpoint with the atomic option. D. Create a user generated checkpoint. Rollback to this checkpoint with the best-effort option.

A. show incompatibility kickstart bootflash:filename. B. show install all impact kickstart bootflash:filename. C. show incompatibility nxos bootflash:filename. D. show install all impact nxos bootflash:filename.

Item 338 of 484 (Choice Q338) A Cisco UCS C-series server needs to be installed in a data center. The server must must be managed by using Cisco UCS Manager with a single cable for management and data traffic. Which set of commands must be run on the server after a physical connection is established ?. A. B. C. D.

Item 339 of 484 (Choice, Q339) Refer to the exhibit, An engineer is troubleshooting a connectivity issue for a VM running on the Cisco UCS-B series blade in VLAN 10 . Cisco UCS Manager is connected to a Cisco Nexus 9000 Series switch over port channel 10. Currently The VM is unreachable from any source that is outside of the Cisco UCS domain. Which action must be taken to allow the VM to be reachable ?. A. Allow VLAN 10 in the VPC peer link between the Cisco Nexus switches. B. Allow VLAN 10 in a trunk between the IOM and the Fabric Interconnects. C. Allow VLAN 10 in the Switch at the hypervisor level. D. Allow VLAN 10 in a trunk between the Fabric Interconnects and the Cisco Nexus Switches.

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer must configure the network to disable an interface when it exceeds the limit of learned MAC addresses. Which action accomplishes this goal?. A. Configure Dynamic ARP inspection on interface Po100. B. Configure port security on interface Po200. C. Configure port security on interface Po100. D. Configure Dynamic ARP inspection on interface Po200.

A. Nexus Data Broker. B. Nexus Fabric Controller. C. Nexus Insight. D. Nexus Orchestrator.

Refer to the exhibit An engineer must restrict users assigned to the sangroup role on the Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switch from issuing commands on VSAN 15 to 20 Which command must the engineer run to achieve this objective?. A. no permit van 15-20. B. no van policy deny. C. permit van 15-20. D. vsan policy deny van 15-20.

Refer to the exhibit. The list of RPM packages was installed in a Bash shell of a Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switch. Which action must be used to install and enable a BGP feature on the switch?. A. bash-4.2$ feature bgp bash-4.2$ sudo yum -y install bgp. B. bash-4 2$ sudo yum -y install bgp 9K(config)# feature bgp. C. bash-4.2$ feature bap 9K(config)# sudo yum -y install bgp. D. 9K(config)# sudo yum -y install bgp 9K(config)# feature bgp.

Refer to the exhibit , User and User are connected to VTEP1 switch. The users can reach the WEB server. The monitoring tool shows degrading network performance and excessive traffic is sent from User to reach WEB server. Which storm control percentage levels must be used to suppress traffic from User and allow allow all traffic types from User1 ?. A. Level 100 on Eth1/1 and Level 100 on Eth 1/5. B. Level 0 on Eth1/1 and Level 100 on Eth 1/2. C. Level 0 on Eth1/2 and Level 100 on Eth1/1. D. Level 0 on Eth1/2 and Level 0 on Eth1/5.

A. 5. B. 0. C. 1. D. 7.

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer configures a Cisco UCS C-series UCS server. The company policy states that all the C-Series servers must be configures so that Cisco IMC is reachable only from the management port on the server. Which NIC configuration must the engineer apply to meet this objective?. A. NIC Mode: Cisco Card NIC Redundancy: Active-Standby. B. NIC Mode: Shared LOM NIC Redundancy: Active-Standby. C. NIC Mode: Shared OCP NIC Redundancy: Active-Active. D. NIC Mode Dedicated NIC Redundancy. None.

A. The node successfully logged in with VSAN assignment pending. B. The node is discovered but failed to log in to the fabric. C. The node is discovered with FCID assignment pending. D. The node successfully logged in to the fabric.

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer configured a L3Out to exchange routes with the rest of the network, but the IGRP routes are present only on the border leaf. As a result, the servers from leaf1 fail to communicate with the external networks. The configuration of the L3Out was confirmed. Which action in the initial fabric setup must be taken to accomplish these goals ?. A. Configure the redistribution between EIGRP and MP-BGP. B. Define the border leaf as BGP Route Reflector. C. Change the ISIS metric for redistributed routes to 32. D. Define spines as BGP Route Reflector.

Item 349 of 484 (Choice, Q349) An engineer must back up the configuration of the UCS fabric interconnects for disaster recovery. The back up must be used to restore the configuration during the initial console configuration. Which back up type must the engineer select to meet these requirements?. A. all configuration. B. system configuration. C. full state. D. logical configuration.

Item 350 of 484 (Choice, Q350) A network engineers configuring a Cisco MDS 9000 series switch in a data center that is prone to sudden surges in network traffic. Specific performance metrics must be monitored, and instant notifications must be received when predefined thresholds are exceeded. Which SNMP feature must be configured. A. traps to send alerts when thresholds are exceeded. B. notifications to receive performance metrics. C. inform with a threshold-based alert system. D. polling at regular intervals to monitor metrics.

A. space reservation. B. native encryption. C. disk distribution. D. two-factor authentication.

A. ext-lan-config ext-lan-policy. B. Is-server-oper ext-san-policy. C. Is-config Is-ext-access. D. ext-lan-security Is-network.

Item 353 of 484 (Choice, Q353) An engineer must tune an FCIP connection over WAN between two Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switches. The customer has determined that default TCP parameters do not function for the link with 300 ms latency. The TCP profile must 1. Modify the TCP retransmit time to satisfy the WAN latency. 2. Set the TCP keepalive timeout to 15 seconds. 3. Set the maximum number Of TCP retransmissions to 5. Which command set meets the requirements?. A. tcp max-retransmit-tirne 5 tcp keepalive-timeout 15 tcp max-retransmissions 500. B. tcp min-retransmit-time 500 tcp keepalive-timeout 15 tcp max-retransmissions 5. C. tcp max-retransmit-time 500 tcp keepalive-timeout 1500 tcp max-retransmissions 5. D. tcp min-retransmit•time 5 tcp keepalive-timeoun 1500 tcp max-retransmissions 500.

A. BIOS. B. adapter. C. I/O module. D. Board controller.

A. XML. B. JSON. C. HTML. D. YAML.

Item 356 of 484 (Choice Q356) An engineer creates a Cisco UCS Manager backup file, The backup file must contain WWPN pools with vHBA and NIC policies. The backup file must not include sensitive information such as usernames, roles, or locales. Which backup type must be used to store configuration settings ?. A. System configuration. B. Full state. C. Logical configuration. D. All configuration.

A. Cisco Hyperflex CVM. B. Cisco DCNM. C. Cisco Nexus Dashboard. D. Cisco Hyperflex Installer.

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer is troubleshooting a connection issue from the virtual machine that is located on the WebServer 1 blade. The application team requested a packet capture for all traffic that is transferred to and from WebServer 1. The engineer confirmed that the host server NIC1 has VLAN 300 assigned to it. Which action must be taken to capture traffic ?. A. Configure a span session that is sourced from service profile vNlC1 with a destination that is set to Eth1/3. B. Configure a span session that is sourced from Eth1/3 with a destination that set to Eth 1/2. C. Configure a span session that is sourced from port channel 1 with a destination that is set to port channel 2. D. Configure a span session that sourced from Eth1/1 with a destination that s set to port channel 1.

Item 359 of 484 (Choice, Q359) Refer to the exhibit. Which configuration must be applied for a network-admin account to have the same set of assigned roles and privileges in all UCS domain organizations ?. A. Uncheck dev locale from the user account. B. Change the configured user role to admin. C. Assign the operations role to the configured user. D. Add the root organization to the prod local.

Refer to exhibit. An engineer must configure routing updates using key1 until 10:00 AM on March 3, 2023. The updates must also be accepted 15 minutes after the time configured. Which configuration snipped must be used to accomplish these goals ?. A. accept-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 03 2023 10:15:00 Mar 3 2023 send-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 03 2023 duration 45. B. accept-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 03 2023 duration 3600 send-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 03/2023 10:00:00 Mar 3 2023. C. accept-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 03 2023 duration 60 send-lifetime 09.15.00 Mar 03 2023 10:00:00 Mar 3 2023. D. accept-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 03 2023 10:15:00 Mar 3 2023 send-lifetime 09:15:00 Mar 09 2023 duration 270.

A. All control plane traffic is stopped for the duration of the update, and the switch remains operational for the duration of the upgrade. B. The redundant supervisor module takes over for the duration of the update, there is no service disruption. C. The redundant supervisor module takes over for the duration of the update. and the switch is rebooted after the upgrade is complete. D All traffic through the system is stopped for the duration of the update, and the switch is power cycled after the upgrade is complete.

A. NFS requires an AM server. B. NFS provides easy file sharing. C. NFS is more sensitive to latency. D. NFS natively provides encryption as the default.

Item 363 of 484 (Choice, 0363) A network engineer deploys a cloud service for a customer. The customer wants complete control over the underlying operating system, data, and application. Which cloud service model must be used to accomplish this goal?. A. software as a service. B. infrastructure as a service. C. platform as a service. D. storage as a service.

Item 364 of 484 (Choice, Q364) Which package type must be installed to patch the Guest Shell Bash on a Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switch?. A. software maintenance upgrade. B. electronic programmable logic device. C. kickstart image. D. Cisco NX-OS package.

Item 365 of 484 (Choice, Q365) An engineer must configure monitoring on a Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switch for a critical interface prone to sporadic data traffic surges. A Remote Network Monitoring alarm must be configured to sample the number of incoming octets on the critical interface every 300 seconds and must be triggered if the traffic exceeds a certain threshold Which command must be run?. A. rmon event 1 log trap public interval 300 description "Input Octets Monitoring". B. rmon alarm 1 ifinOctets. 1 300 absolute rising-threshold 10000 1. C. rmon alarm 1 gauge ifinOctets. 1 300 absolute 10000 1. D. rmon alarm 1 ifinOctets. 1 60 absolute rising-threshold 10000 1 interval 300.

Item 366 of 484 (Choice, Q366) An engineer must analyze packets arriving from a server port on a Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switch. The packet sniffer is located on a different switch from the one the server is currently connected to. The packet capture must meet these requirements 1. It must capture all incoming packets on the switch port. 2. It must capture the first 1000 bytes of the packet to conserve bandwidth. Which action must be taken to these requirements?. A. Configure the marker-packet to 1000. B. Set rate-limiting to 1000. C. Enable the MTU size of 1000. D. Implement an ACL with the packet-length of 1000.

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer must configure SPAN to monitor the traffic sent to the server. The copied traffic must be sent to the network analyzer. Which configuration on N9K1 accomplishes these goals?. A. source interface eth1/1 tx. B. source interface eth101/1/3 tx. C. source interface eth101/1/1 tx. D. source interface eth1/3 tx.

Refer to the exhibit. Two Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches are connected using the interface Ethemet1/1. Which command must be configured under interface Ethemet1/1 to configure the switches as EIGRP neighbors?. A. ip authentication key-chain eigrp Pallini EIGRP. B. ip authentication key-chain Pallini EIGRP Pallini. C. ip authentication key-chain Pallini eigrp. D. ip authentication key-chain eigrp Pallini.

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer prepared the configuration of OSPF in a text file named OSPF.txt. The engineer decided to remove all OSPF configurations. Which Python code must be added to accomplish this goal ?. A. OSPF_Conf.write('no feature ospf\n'). B. OSPF_Conf.write(interface eth1/1\n'). C. OSPF_Conf.write (interface eth1/1\n') OSPF_ Conf.close(). D. OSPF_Conf.write('interface eth1/1, no feature ospf'\in') OSPF__Conf.close().

Item 370 of 484 (Choice, Q370) A service profile in Cisco UCS Manager must be configured with these requirements: 1. Cisco UCS Manager must identify the interfaces on the VMware ESXI host that connect to the Cisco ACI fabric switches. 2. The NIC must support traffic management when congestion occurs. Which two policies meet these requirements? (Choose two.). A. QoS. B. VNIC/HBA Placement. C. Serial Over LAN. D. Network Control. E. LAN Connectivity.

Item 371 of 484 (Choice, Q371) The server fails to boot from a storage array. Which configuration enables Cisco US Manager to monitor the ports?. A. Configure the Fibre Channel uplink port as a source and implement the unified port as the destination. B. Configure the Fibre Channel port as the source and implement the Fibre Channel uplink port as the destination. C. Configure the appliance port as the source and implement the Ethernet port channel as the destination. D. Configure the VSAN as the source and implement the FCoE uplink port as the destination.

A. VPC. B. BIOS. C. EPLD. D. Supervisor.

A. character. B. root element end tag. C. attribute. D. root element start tag.

Refer to the exhibit. Two Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switches are deployed in a data center. Server S1 sends a FLOG| request to SW1. Which configurations must be used to receive a FLOG. A. SW1 as NPV SW2 as NPV. B. SW1 as NPIV SW2 as NPIV. C. SW1 as NPIV SW2 as NPV. D. SW1 as NPV SW2 as NPIV.

Refer to the exhibit. Which two code snippets must be used to display the configuration of the Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switch ? (choose two). A. show switchname. B. show configuration. C. cli_output. D. cli_show. E. bash.

Refer to the exhibit, An engineer must optimize de OSPF database between the N9K-DC-2 and N9K-DC-1 switches by using a direct link between them. After the configuration changes are made on the N9K-DC-2 switch, the WEB server that is connected to N9K-DC-1 can no longer forward IPv4 unicast packets to the database server connected to the N9K-DC-2. Which command must be used on the N9K-DC-1 to resolve the issue ?. A. ip ospf mtu-ignore. B. ip ospf network point-to-point. C. ip router ospf OSPF-UNDERLAY area 0.0.0.0. D. ip ospf priority 255.

Refer to the exhibit. In a Cisco ACI fabric, the status of interface Eth1/1 changes frequently. Which set of actions configures the fabric to disable Eth1/1 when the port flaps more than 10times within 1 minute?. A. From access policies, set link debounce interval to 1. B. From fabric policies, set the time allowed for max flaps to 60. C. From fabric policies, set link debounce interval to 60. D From access policies, set the time allowed for max flaps to 60.

Item 378 of 484 (Choice Q378) An engineer must create an Ansiable playbook to enforce compliance on Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches. The script must individually connect to each switch, leverage the Cisco NX-OS API, and enable the OSPF feature in an independent manner. Which script must the engineer apply ?. A. B. C. D.

Item 379 of 484 (Choice, Q379) An engineer must create a Cisco UCS Fiber Channel traffic monitoring session to copy and forward traffic to destination port 10 in slot 1. The admin speed must be set to 8 Gbps. Which command set meets this requirements ?. A. B. C. D.

Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer must create a ne Tenant with the Cisco ACI fabric. Which HTTP method must be used to accomplish this task?. A. PATCH. B. GET. C. PUT. D. POST.

Item 381 of 484 (Choice Q381) An engineer must migrate the Cisco UCS Manager configuration from an old system to a new one. The requirement is to migrate only the configuration of the servers, and use different network administration settings. Which backup type meets the requirements ?. A. Full state. B. System configuration. C. Logical configuration. D. all configuration.

Item 382 of 484 (Choice. Q382) An engineer must deploy a new Cisco UCS domain with a pair of fabric interconnects. A storage device will be connected directly to the fabric interconnects. Which configuration steps must be taken in the UCS domain to complete the configuration ?. A. Create identical VSANs on each fabric interconnect. Set the Fibre Channel Switching mode to Switch. B. Create different VSANs on each fabric interconnect. Set the Fibre Channel Switching mode to NPV. C. Create different VSANs on each fabric interconnect. Enable NPV mode. D. Create identical VSANs on each fabric interconnect. Enable End-Host mode.

Item 383 of 484 (Choice, Q383) A storage engineer must configure Cisco TrustSec Fibre Channel by using manual ESP mode on a Cisco MDS 9000 Series Switch. ESP mode must use the default message authentication and encryption method. Which configuration must engineer apply on the switch to complete the configuration?. A. MDS-01(config)# interface fc 1/11 MDS-01(contg-if)# fcsp mode gcm. B. MDS-01(config)# interface fc 1/11 MDS-01(contg-if)# fcsp mode gcm MDS-01(contg-if-fcsp)# fcsp esp manual. C. MDS-01(config)# interface fc 1/11 MDS-01(contg-if)# fcsp esp manual MDS-01(contg-if-fcsp)# mode gcmac. D. MDS-01(config)# interface fc 1/11 MDS-01(contg-if)# fcsp esp manual.

A. network-attached storage. B. network area storage. C. optical drive storage. D. direct-attached storage.

Item 385 of 494 (Chace. Q385) A network engineer must roll back a configuration change made on a Casco Nexus 9300 Series Switch. Before the change. the network engineer created a checkpoint named pre-config The rollback must abort If any errors occur. Which command must be used to accomplish these objectives ?. A. Nexus01# rollback running-config checkpoint pre-config. B. Nexus01# rollback running-config checkpoint pre-config best-effort. C. Nexus01# rollback running-config checkpoint pre-config atomic. D. Nexus01# rollback running-config checkpoint pre-config stop-at-first-failure.

A. The authentication server is removed from the list of servers after 3 hours. B. The users logged in to the device are logged out after 3 seconds. C. The users logged in to the device are logged out after 3 days. D. The authentication server is periodically monitored every 3 minutes.

Refer to the exhibit. Which port type must be used to complete the configuration of a monitoring session that sends traffic to a monitoring device?. A. Eth1/8 as appliance port Eth1/4 as uplink port. B. Eth1/8 as uplink port Eth1/4 as appliance port. C. Eth1/8 as monitor port Eth1/4 as uplink port. D. Eth1/8 as uplink port Eth1/4 as monitor port.

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer must resolve a connectivity issue on a Cisco 9000 Series Switch that was configured by using Ansible. The switch must be configured to meet these requirements: 1. Interface Gigabitethernet0/1 must be a member of VLAN 10 in access mode. 2. Interface Gigabitethernet0/2 must allow VLANs 10 and 20 in trunk mode, with native VLAN 20. Which set of actions must be taken to meet these criteria?. A. Configure interface Gigabitethemet0/2 in access mode. Assign interface Gigabitethemet0/2 to VLAN 20. B. Configure interface Gigabitethemet0/1 in access mode. Assign interface Gigabitethernet0/1 to VLAN 10. C. Configure interface Gigabitethemet0/2 in trunk mode. Assign interface Gigabitethemet0/1 to VLAN 10. D. Configure interface Gigabitethemet0/1 in trunk mode. Assign interface Gigabitethemet0/2 to VLAN 20.

Item 389 of 484 (Choice. Q389) A Cisco UCS backup operation must securely back up policies to an external server using authentication and encryption. Which action accomplishes this goal?. A. Perform a logical configuration backup using SCP. B. Implement full state backup using HTTP. C. Configured all full state backup using TFTP. D. Deploy system configuration backup using FTP.

Item 390 of 484 (Choice, Q390) What is an advantage of using a Network File System (NFS) versus iSCSI?. A. NFS is less expensive because it can operate on existing Ethernet networks. B. NFS simplifies storage management by allowing file-based data sharing. C. NFS requires a dedicated high-speed network to operate. D. NFS is typically used for block-level storage in high-performance environments.