CHAPER 8 WOP

According to Maslow’s need theory, humans have ______ basic needs. 1. 2. 3. 5.

The Behaviorist approach was proposed by. Freud. Maslow. Skinner. Lewin.

“Field Theory” was proposed by. Freud. Maslow. Skinner. Lewin.

“Group dynamics” applies to the approach taken by which of the following psychologists?. Freud. Maslow. Skinner. Lewin.

Weiner suggests that, at the broadest level, there are _____ possible metaphors for humans in motivational theories. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. The idea that humans are functional, reflexive, and involuntary applies to the _____ metaphor. person as machine. person as God-like. person as judge. person as scientist.

The idea that humans seek knowledge and understanding as a way of mastering their environment applies to the _____ metaphor. a. person as machine. b. person as God-like. c. person as judge. d. person as scientist.

8. What type of metaphor suggests that humans are perfectly rational?. a. person as hero. b. person as judge. c. person as machine. d. person as God-like.

9. All of the following are true of the “person as scientist” metaphor except. a. people seek knowledge as a way of mastering their environment. b. it assumes that individuals are not perfectly rational. c. the assumption is that people “want to know.”. d. the ultimate aim of an individual is to accurately predict his/her environment.

he idea that humans seek knowledge, but are not perfectly rational applies to the _____ metaphor. a. person as machine. b. person as God-like. c. person as judge. d. person as scientist.

11. “Limited rationality” is best described by the _____ metaphor. a. person as machine. b. person as God-like. c. person as judge. d. person as scientist.

The idea that humans seek knowledge through the action of themselves and others is best described by the _____ metaphor. a. person as machine. b. person as God-like. c. person as judge. d. person as scientist.

13. Which metaphor best describes Maslow’s need hierarchy?. a. person as judge. b. person as God-like. c. person as scientist. d. person as machine.

14. According to Maslow’s need hierarchy, the most basic human need is. a. physiological. b. self-actualization. c. security. esteem.

15. According to Maslow’s need hierarchy, the highest level human need is. physiological. social. esteem. self-actualization.

If employees’ primary reason for working is to feed their family, which level of Maslow’s need hierarchy are they focused on?. security. physiological. esteem. self-actualization.

If an employee’s primary reason for working is the desire to be accepted by others, on which level of Maslow’s need hierarchy is this employee focused?. security. esteem. social. self-actualization.

If an employee’s primary reason for working is to be respected for accomplishments or capabilities, on which level of Maslow’s need hierarchy is this employee focused?. security. esteem. social. self-actualization.

If an employee’s primary reason for working is to develop his/her capabilities to the furthest, onwhich level of Maslow’s need hierarchy is this employee focused?. security. esteem. social. self-actualization.

Place the following five needs of Maslow’s hierarchy in order from most basic to most advanced. I. Physiological needs II. Love or social needs III. The needs associated with being respected IV. The need to produce a secure environment V. Self-actualization needs. I, IV, II, III, V. IV, II, III, I, V. II, III, IV, V, I. IV, II, I, V, III.

Which of the following is false concerning Two Factor Theory?. Meeting Hygiene Needs would eliminate dissatisfaction. The basic needs are independent of one another. It includes Hygiene Needs and Behavior Needs. Maslow’s Actualization Needs are included in Hygiene Needs.

According to Herzberg’s theory, there are _____ basic human needs. 2. 3. 4. 5.

23. According to Alderfer’s theory, there are _____ basic human needs. 2. 3. 4. 5.

24. Which of the following is not one of the levels described by Alderfer’s theory?. existence. relatedness. socialization. growth.

A telemarketing company set a series of sales goals for its employees. Every time employees reach one of the goals, they receive a bonus. Which type of reward is this?. intermittent. contingent. terminal. continuous.

A saleswoman is contingently rewarded for her performance. However, she does not know how many sales are required to receive a reward at any given time. Her last reward came after 3 sales, whereas the previous reward came after 12 sales. She is receiving which type of reward?. predictable reward. variable reward. continuous reward. intermittent reward.

Which of the following elements is not part of Vroom’s theory of motivation?. valence. instrumentality. expectancy. dependency.

Which of the following elements deals with the relationship between performance and anticipated outcomes?. valence. instrumentality. expectancy. dependency.

An employee stays late after work in order to meet a deadline. The employee believes this will help her get a promotion. This belief reflects an example of. valence. instrumentality. expectancy. dependency.

An employee finds out that she is making the same salary as a co-worker who is performing half the amount of work, and she becomes motivated to somehow fix this unfair situation. Which theory best describes this scenario?. goal-setting theory. VIE theory. need theory. equity theory.

Goal-setting theory fits well with which of the following metaphors?. person as machine. person as scientist. person as intentional. person as judge.

Which of the following is false concerning goal-setting theory?. It doesn’t distinguish between goal acceptance and goal commitment. It has evolved into a comprehensive approach to work motivation. Studies show that specific, difficult goals lead to higher levels of performance. It identifies the mechanisms by which goals affect performance.

What theory assumes that an individual compares a standard to an actual outcome and adjusts behavior to bring the outcome into agreement with the standard?. feedback theory. adjustment theory. control theory. comparison theory.

Which motivational theory most heavily utilizes the notion of a feedback loop?. goal-setting. VIE. control. need.

A sales representative failed to meet the company’s sales goals for the first quarter. Based on feedback he received from his supervisor, the sales representative decided to change his behavior for the following quarter in order to meet the next sales goal. Which motivational theory best describes the approach taken by the sales representative?. goal-setting. VIE. control. need.

Which of the following research findings concerning goal setting theory is incorrect?. If a goal is very difficult, the person should be rewarded for partial attainment. If the task requires cooperation, group goals might be appropriate. Process goals may be more appropriate for complex tasks. When high quantity goals are set, the quality of performance increases.

A manager’s evaluation from her subordinates stated that she was not perceived as being approachable. The manager considered this and made an effort to be more approachable, which resulted in better working relationships with her employees. This is an example of. self-referential. self-fulfilling prophecy. self-efficacy. self-regulation.

Which of the following is not one of the ways to develop self-efficacy?. social persuasion. mastery experiences. modification. modeling.

A sales manager is given a challenging quota to meet by the end of the month. The manager meets the quota and feels confident in her skills. This is an example of increased efficacy through. modeling. mastery experience. social persuasion. physiological state.

A medical student is given a difficult case to diagnose and treat. The resident physician reassures the student, and the case is successfully treated. This is an example of increased efficacy through. modeling. mastery experience. social persuasion. physiological state.

All of the following are ways that self-efficacy can be developed and increased except. performance mentoring. social persuasion. mastery experience. physiological states.

43. Which motivational theory is also known as the “Rubicon” theory?. equity. goal-setting. action. control.

Which action phase involves examining one’s desires in order to determine which is most likely attainable?. predecisional. postdecisional. actional. evaluative.

Which action phase involves planning and developing strategies for successful action?. predecisional. postdecisional. actional. evaluative.

According to Action Theory, which of the following is not a phase that occurs during active goal pursuit?. evaluative. behavioral. predecisional. postdecisional.

How many aspects of motivation are measured in the Motivational Trait Questionnaire (MTQ)?. 2. 4. 6. 8.

The Motivational Trait Questionnaire measures. whether an individual is motivated to complete a certain task. six overlapping aspects of work motivation. an individual’s predisposition to displaying certain traits. six distinct aspects of general motivation.

According to the textbook, which of the following descriptions regarding the people of Generation X is incorrect?. They want to be promoted more quickly. They appear to be less loyal to the company. They are less likely to consider work as a centerpiece of life. They value “pride in work” more than the Baby Boomers.

Hackman and Oldham (1976) developed a way to score jobs on their potential to motivate an individual. All of the following are job characteristics tied to this motivation potential except. a. the extent to which the individual identifies with coworkers. b. the extent to which a task or job is self-contained. c. the extent to which the individual can control schedules. d. the number of skills required to perform a job successfully.

51. All of the following are steps in implementing a Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System except. appointing a team leader. identifying indicators. giving and responding to feedback. defining contingencies.