Complexivo Ingles 2022

1. Literature is an important part of any Educational System because: It´s often funny or entertaining. It conveys the beliefs, behaviors and ideas of a cultural group. It often shows the errors of a cultural group.

2. A standard for teaching pronunciation to non-native speakers of English is: Received, or BBC. Standard American. Standard British.

3. ________ is a kind of secret language, for example, words are created in a kind of code language by "Shifting" vowel and consonant sounds: Jargon. Pig latin. Slang.

4. When an adult speaker deliberately simplifies, modifies and adapts his/her speech according to the age, status, education or cultural background of a speech parther, or mixes two or more languages in the same speech, this phenomenon is called: Non-standard language. Code switching. Language Behavior.

5. The notion of this discipline is necessary for areas of cross-cultural communication, for correct use of language in general, because it is considered the goal of language education, and it is necessary element in efficient classroom practice. It refers to : Linguistic competence. Universal Grammar theory. Communicative Competence.

6. What is the meaning of the following sentence? They got me to do research on tropical birds. I agreed to do the research. I didn´t agree to do the research. They forced me to do the research.

7. Some theories, models, and perspectives have different points of view of second language acquisition. Which of the following options refers to the statement that "Knowledge is constructed through interaction and collaboration with others"??. The cognitive perspective. The behaviorist perspective. The sociocultural perspective.

8. Read the paragraph. Then answer the questions that follow.________. The place is never crowded, but the service is still terrible. It seems like the staff has better things to do than wait on customers. Once I waited ten minutes just to buy a slice of pizza, and I was the only person in the whole store! I recommend staying away from Billy Bob’s Pizzeria. Which is the topic sentence of this paragraph?. Billy Bob´s Pizzeria has the worst pizza. Billy Bob´s Pizzeria is an unpopular place to eat. Billy Bob´s Pizzeria has terrible customer service.

9. Choose the couple words that represent minimal pairs: haze - blaze rows- rose hear – hair fair- file. nose- noise could–good would–good coat-goat. would – wood knot- not sent – scent lake- pray.

10. Choose the correct option to complete the following paragraph. Nowadays, one of the most_____items found in the home is the sticking plaster. Protecting a cut by covering the affected area with a piece of material that sticks to the skin may seem a rather______idea, so it is perhaps surprising to learn that the plaster was not______until about ninety years ago. frequent, evident, realized. common, obvious, invented. general, clear, invented.

11. Please choose the correct answer from the choices presented. Universal or global culture is used to refer to _____. human civilization separated from nature and nurture. the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of particular social, ethnic, religious or political communities. anything from fine arts to soap operas, soda commercials and commodities.

12. Which of the following is true about universal grammar?. It is an explanation of knowledge and learning that is based on the assumption that all learning is first social then individual. It is an approach that emphasizes how the human mind receives, process, stores and retrieves information in learning and retrieving information. It is considered as innatist linguistic knowledge and argues that some grammar rules are hard-wired into the brain.

13. Choose the correct conditional sentence that expresses the same idea as the following information I´m so busy. That’s why I don’t read bedtime stories to my little girl. If I were so busy, I would read bedtime stories to my little girl. If I was so busy, I will read bedtime stories to my little girl. If I weren’t so busy, I would read bedtime stories to my little girl.

14. Read the following description, then match it to the corresponding hypothesis. It is a metaphorical barrier that prevents language acquisition. The Affective Filter hypothesis. The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis. The Natural Order hypothesis.

15. Modifiers can be obligatory or optional. It depends on the role each constituent has within a sentence to determine the types of modifiers it includes. For instance, in the sentence: “Michael and Ana are considering to visit New York next month” New York works as a part of the…. complement of the verb visit. adjunct of the verb visit. subordinator to link the verb and the object.

16. Aspiration refers to: Audible escape of air following some consonant sounds. activity of the vocal cords. movement of tongue inside the vocal tract.

17. Read the concepts below and match with the corresponding name. Choose the correct option. It argues that a person is well suitable to language learning. EXTROVERSION. Feelings of worry and stress that many students experience when earning a second language. ANXIETY. It discourages the risk- taking which is necessary for progress in language learning. INHIBITION. This is often considered a particular problem for adolescents who are more self- conscious than younger learners are. ?????.

18. The clause “Anabelle is laying on her bed” belongs to the type of copula verb called: Ascriptive. Locative. Equative.

19. Which of the following sentences is correct?. We will have completed already our research by Monday. We will not have taken yet the final exam. We’ll already have finished by then.

20. What are tag questions used for?. To reject information. To check information. To protect information.

21. In the clause “It is a beautiful day to take a walk”, “ful” modifies the noun “beauty”, changing its word category type. This is an example of how_____ work. inflectional suffixes. derivational suffixes. derivational prefixes.

22. Complete the following statement: The articulatory properties of vowels differ in several aspects from those of consonants, mainly in the degree of vocal tract opening. It refes to: Acoustic difference. Suprasegmental aspects. Physiological difference.

23. When student has difficulties with language behavior, it can be manifested through: Uncontrolled code switching or incorrect use of grammatical rules. Lack of motivation for language learning and disruptive behavior during the class. Problems with language and speech development and production.

24. Which of the following is not a type of Literature?. Twitter. Oral Story telling. Talking on a cell phone.

25. In imperative sentences, as in the examples: Come here! Close the door! Listen to me!, the intonation is: Falling. Rising. Neutral.

26. Choose the correct option to complete the conversation. A: It's almost 8 p.m. and John isn't here yet. Where is he? B: I don't know. He______by 7 p.m. had better arrived. was supposed to have arrived. must have arrived.

27. Read the analogy and answer the question that follows. “Blogging is another example that is best compared to writing a personal diary entry and posting it for the world to read.” What point is the author trying to make?. a personal diary entry and the world. The world is much bigger than you realize. Personal information is revealed through blogging.

28. For the purposes of Culture and literature, this concept implies the possible application of interpreting by means of performance as well as analysis. Answering. Interpretation. Historical context.

29. Read The information below and choose the correct option. The error “She is a lady beautiful” made by Spanish speakers who is learning English is an example of. Interference error. Instruction error. Processing error.

30. What is the difference between Canon and Classic?. Canon is an old written story, Classic is written in old English. Canon is a great work that is worthy to be read by everyone, Classic is popular across cultural groups. Canon is a work by a famous author, Classic is on old book.

31. In the clause “It is a beautiful day to take a walk”, “ ful” modifies the noun “ beauty ”, changing its word category type. This is an example of how_______work. inflectional suffixes. derivational suffixes. derivational prefixes.

32. Please choose the correct answer from the choices presented. In literature, three main genres are distinguished: poetry, novel and drama; each of these main genres can be sub-divided into smaller genres like lyrics, sonnets and ballads for poetry. With these ideas in mind, choose the best description of the work titled “Robinson Crusoe” written by Defoe in the 18th century. Comedy. Narrative novel. Epic poem.

33. Which of the following is correct: Language, Literature and Culture are completely different aspects of Human existence. Language and Literature are used to express and share Culture. Literature is confined to historical documentation of a group of people.

34. Choose the correct option to complete the paragraph. When the substitute teacher entered the class yesterday, she didn't introduce herself so Maria said, "Who are you?" It was strange that Maria had to ask______. who the substitute is. who was the substitute. who the substitute was.

35. There are various types of non-finite clauses which are distinguished mainly by what type of finite clause they modify. Thus, the sentence “The man reading the newspaper didn’t hear my song” illustrates the following structure: Reduced adverbial nonfinite clause. Reduced relative nonfinite clause. Free participle nonfinite clause.

36. Match each word on the left to a word with the same meaning on the right. Weep Cry. Smelly Stinky. Awful Terrible. Understand Realize.

37. Identify the words that are pronounced with aspirated initial phonemes: vowel, train, plan, clay. steak, blow, crab, frog. take, cat, keep, pale.

38. Semantic units of language in use include Text and Discourse, both are fundamental in coherent communication, which means that they…. are used to form correct grammatical structures. are semantically and pragmatically coherent in real communication. are specific structures used to express a single message.

39. When an adult speaker deliberately simplifies , modifies and adapts his/her speech according to age, status, education or cultural background of a speech partner, or mixes two or more languages in the same speech, this phenomenon is called: non- standard language. code switching. language behavior.

40. Choose the best answers for the following sentence: When I left the museum, she ________ me her phone number. give. gave. was giving.

41. Words containing rounded vowels are: garage, may, pain, leave, even, save. auction, over, boat, octopus, though. above, lack, pineplough, bus.

42. Read the next pairs of sentences. Which sentence pair can be joined with "even though"?. Scientists want to visit Antarctica. There are many things to study. The scientist was careful. Her work was important. The scientist visited Antarctica. He had to leave his family.

43. Choose the option that matches with the following statements: “English has both regular and irregular verb forms, together with regular and irregular noun plural forms”, “English language has formal and informal greeting forms”, “Reduced forms are present in informal spoken language”. Register. Prescriptive approach to language study. Descriptive approach to language study.

44. Which are the five basic active articulators?. The lip, The flexible front of the tongue, The middle/back of the tongue, The root of the tongue together with the epiglottis and The larynx. The lip, The flexible front of the tongue, The throat, The root of the tongue together with the epiglottis and The nose. The lips, The tongue, The soft palate, The epiglottis and The larynx.

45. Read this introduction and choose the thesis statement. In our local area, there are many community service projects that young people can take part in. Of the opportunities which exist, some of the most important projects are those focusing on environmental protection. This is because raising awareness of environmental issues is one of the most important issues of our times. Beach cleanups are one way that young people can help the environment, but there are many other opportunities, too. In our local area, there are many community service projects that young people can take part in. Of the opportunities which exist, some of the most important projects are those focusing on environmental protection. Beach cleanups are one way that young people can help the environment, but there are many other opportunities, too.

46. The branch of Linguistics that studies physical properties of speech sounds, their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status, is called: Phonetics. Phonology. Acoustic Phonetics.

47. Local dialects or accents are often useful in literature because: It allows the reader to understand sarcasm and humor. It allows the reader to know something about the person without having to state it. It is more romantic to hear someone speak with an accent.

48. Which of the following is not an original contributor to the English language?. French. Russian. Latin.

49. Why may Sociolinguistics be interesting for educators? Choose the option that does not answer the previous question. Teachers must know the fact that there is dialect variation in the target language just as there is in their native language. All language teaching implies the best dialect (standard) to teach. Because Standard English belongs exclusively to certain English speaking countries. Sociolinguistics may help understand the development and changes of languages.

50. Choose the best answer from the choices. The “universal grammar” theory implies that: all humans create their own set of grammar rules to be able tocommunicate properly. there is a connection between speech and human relations andhuman understandings of the world. the ability to learn grammar is built into the human brain from birthregardless of language.

51. Choose the correct answer. Syntactically, ____ is a large construction expressing full meaning and forming a grammatical unit. It has two main constituents: an NP that occupies the subject position, and a VP that functions as the predicate: A sentence. An statement. A clause.

52. Read this introduction and choose the thesis statement. Many people disagree with the idea of requiring students to participate in mandatory community service projects. They argue that such projects are ineffective because they are often short term. Moreover, they say that these projects may even discourage young people from volunteering of their own accord in the future.In this essay, I will explain why these objections are incorrect, and will provide a number of arguments in favor of mandatory community service projects. Many people disagree with the idea of requiring students toparticipate in mandatory community service projects. In this essay, I will explain why these objections are incorrect, andwill provide a number of arguments in favor of mandatory community service projects. They argue that such projects are ineffective because they areoften short term.

53. It is essentially practical, such as need to learn the language in order to get a better job. Scheme. It is essentially practical, such as need to learn the language inorder to get a better job. It consists of a set of predetermined categories used to recordand describe teaching and learning behaviours. It is based on the desire to know more about the culture andcommunity of the target language group and even a desire to bemore like members of that group.

54. Read the paragraph. Then answer the questions that follow. Gilles Tréhin is an interesting savant who created an imaginary city in his head. Gilles has drawn hundreds of sketches to provide the details of this city, which he named “Urville.” He has been able to draw three-dimensional objects since he was five years old. He has also written a history of Urville and published a book about the city. Gilles is an example of a savant who lives in his own world. What is the topic sentence of the paragraph?. Gilles Tréhin is an interesting savant who created an imaginarycity in his head. He has been able to draw three-dimensional objects since he wasfive years old. Gilles has drawn hundreds of sketches to provide the details ofthis city, which he named “Urville.”.

55. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds such as: their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status. Voicing. Phonology. Phonetics.

56. Syntax establishes the use of three different types of sentences: simple, complex and compound. In regards to compound sentences, they are formed by two clauses linked by a connector. Hence, their structure would be…. One dependent clause, a subordinator, and one independentclause. One independent clause, a coordinating conjunction, and onedependent clause. One independent clause, a coordinating conjunction, and one independent clause.

57. When students deal with the so called Notice-Pattern-ContrastFeeling model answering to key questions: What, Who, When, Where, How, Why, and What if? in a poem, they are actually dealing with a model in which they discover: How to interpret a text. How to interpret a text. How to approach a text.

58. Classify following organs of speech as articulators: upper teeth. tongue. alveolar ridge.

59. Choose the letter of the answer that best completes the following sentence. They _____________ make sure patients’ records are accurate. This is one of their responsibilities. have got to. must to. have got.

60. According to some grammarians, there are three types of ____:Simple, Compound, and Complex. clauses. functions of grammar. sentences.

61. Choose the option that contains the correct indirect form of the sentence below. Mary said, “I do not have any money now.”. Mary said that she did not have any money now. Mary said that she has not had any money that day. Mary said that she did not have any money then.

62. Applied Linguistics is usually defined by linguists as the academic discipline that is concerned with the relation of knowledge about language in general to decision making in the real world, and it is because it: represents one of the requirements for students previous tobecome efficient teachers. offers solutions to language – related problems. expands the knowledge about the world languages.

63. According the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH), which of the following may be one of the causes of learners’ errors?. Students transferred knowledge their first language to their new language. Student´s did not practice the correct forms enough to make thema habit. Students did not pay close enough attention to the languagesstructures they were taught.

64. This prosodic element refers to the use of melodic pattern of a language and includes rise and fall of the voice when speaking. It is true about: Pitch. Accent. Intonation.

65. Choose the best topic sentence to complete the following paragraph. Generally speaking, zoos these days are losing popularity. Many people feel that it’s unfair to lock up wild animals to entertain humans. ________________________________ . Some zoos go to great lengths to build a good environment for its animals. The good zoos treat their animals well and provide opportunities for the public to learn about the natural world. The best zoos protect endangered species and raise awareness about animals and their habitats. Zoos perform a valuable service to society and should be part ofevery person’s childhood memory. Zoos that do their best to make a pleasant habitat for the animalscan be a pleasant place to visit. Zoos are horrible places that should be shut down because it’snot humane to lock up wild animals.

66. Read the information below and choose the correct option. Nelly Ellis (2001) and others researchers have hypothesized that one of the most important variables in predicting success for learners in many language situations is the active processing of information. It is called. Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery (PLAB). Workimg Memory (WM). Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT).

67. The Affective Filter hypothesis embodies Krashen's view that a number of 'affective variables' play a facilitative, but non-causal, role in second language acquisition. Which are these variables?. Self-confidence, age and anxiety. Personality, learning strategies and motivation. Motivation, self-confidence and anxiety.

68. Which statement best represents the idea of a ¨Culture¨?. The written words produced by a group of people. The art and music produced by a group of people. The growth or cultivation of the minds of humans, in this momentand over time.

69. Read the editorial. Then use the information to complete the activities that follow. Creating a Smartphone Monster 1 I remember it as if it were yesterday—walking through the front door of my mother’s house and shouting, “It’s here!” Mom poked her head out of the kitchen, rolled her eyes when she saw the smartphone packaging, and then disappeared again. Not the best start, I’ll admit. Still, I had done my research, and all the latest studies showed that it was very helpful for seniors to learn how to use new technology devices. So, I decided I would be the one to make it happen! 2 Hours later, I finally ensured that her email account and contacts were set up. I did not relent until we reviewed a few apps1 and figured out the all-important ringtone. It was a long night, but even as I left, I knew that my mother had only retained half of what I had told her (if I was lucky). It’s not that there’s anything wrong with her. In fact, she’s one of the smartest people I know. It’s just that she came from a generation that didn’t have mobile phones at all, let alone smartphones. This influx of information was all very new and confusing. 3 After a few days of phone calls, her anxiety slowly diminished until my mother finally stopped asking how to do every little thing on her phone. It wasn’t until I had the urge to go shopping with her that I became conscious of the monster I had created. You see, Mom was now a smartphone addict. She used her phone for everything. Should I wonder aloud about anything at all, she would twitch excitedly and say, “They have an app for that.” She was also suddenly a compulsive email checker—the same woman who used to go days at a time between email responses. 4 But her biggest dependency was her texting. My jaw dropped when I came out of a store and found her fingers moving at the speed of light. “Mom!” I called to her, but she was “in the zone” and the temptation to continue texting was apparently too great. (I learned later that she was discussing a recipe with Aunt Lucy.) Trying to get her attention, I reached for her phone, triggering what could only be described as the mother-daughter cat fight of the century—right in the middle of a shopping mall. All the while, she clutched her smartphone as if her life depended on it, screaming “Help!” at the top of her lungs. 5 Later, that evening, I told my husband about her smartphone dysfunction and how we would have to slowly wean her away from using it. Hopefully she wouldn’t have any withdrawal symptoms. I watched him literally cry from laughing so hard. “Don’t you see the humor in all of it?” he finally asked when he saw I wasn’t smiling. I think my silence answered his question. 1 app: application, or program for a mobile device • The editorial was written to explain how smartphones are ____. necessary for everyone. easy to get addicted t. difficult to understand.

70. Read the following statement and choose the correct alternative to complete it. A ____________ usually presents one main idea. The sentence that states the main idea is called a ____________. The following sentences support the topic sentence with ____________ like reasons or examples. sentence / draft / conclusion. paragraph / topic sentence / details. topic sentence / supporting detail / questions.

71. The following sentence contains a mistake. Choose the option that has the same sentence written correctly. Remember to check punctuation. If I do not like something I bought online, then I returned it. If I do not like something I bought online, then I return it. If I do not like something I bought online then I return it. If I do not like something I bought online then I returned it.

72. Choose the option that contains the three errors in the following paragraph? At the moment, all five babies are sleeping and Mary wants to sleep too. All five babies sleep rarely at the same time. There usually is at least one baby up or crying. Mary looks in their room to make sure they are all OK. They are all sleeping, and they are looking beautiful. sleep rarely / There usually is / are looking. are sleeping / sleep / look. sleep rarely / looks / are all sleeping.

73. It is a retelling activity which displays something (a story) that happened. Remember that it is not conceived as the story itself but rather the telling of the story which could be written or spoken. Speech. Narrative. Interpretation.

74. Voicing refers to: activity of the vocal cords. audible escape of air following some consonant sounds. movement of tongue inside the vocal tract.

75. ____ is concerned with practical issues of language and communication. It deals with language acquisition, cognition and teaching methods; language testing and assessment. Applied Linguistics. Language teaching. Theoretical models of language and language use.

76. Choose the correct option for each sentence. Janice mustn't have understood me when I said I wouldn't behome for dinner. Janice must not understand me when I said I wouldn't be homefor dinner. Janice must not have understood me when I said I wouldn't behome for dinner.

77. Choose the topic sentence that best completes the paragraph below. ____ Leslie had many birth defects. He had to have his eyes removed and did not stand until he was 12 years old. He had difficulty doing the same things that other people do not think about, such as swallowing food. Yet, Leslie is able to play a piece of music after hearing it only once. He is a true savant. Leslie Lemke is a musical genius who has many disabilities. Leslie Lemke was adopted when he was six months old. Many people think Leslie Lemke is a musical genius.

78. Read and choose the correct definition of integrative motivation. It consists of a set of predetermined categories that are used to record and describe teaching and learning behaviors. It is based on the desire to know more about the culture and community of the target language group and even on the desire to be more like members of that group. It is essentially practical, like the need to learn the language in order to get a better job.

79. Choose the most suitable application of Sociolinguistics for education: Provides a description of language variations and explains language changes over time. It explains the process of language acquisition and the problems related to bi and multilingualism. It focuses on the role of language behavior for education and language acquisition.

80. ____ is the alternate use of two or more variables in the same conversation or sentence. It is traditionally considered a spoken, informal mode of speech but can also be found in writing. Code-switching. Accent. Dialect.

81. Which of the following is the term used to describe when some features of learner language stop changing over time?. Grammar Translation. Linguistic freezing. Fossilization.

82. The following excerpt contains two errors. Choose the option that has the same excerpt written correctly. The new album by the band The White Bears had gone on sale last month, and it had selling poorly in the first two weeks until the band is appearing on The Nightly Show. The new album by the band The White Bears had gone on salelast month, and it had selling poorly in the first two weeks until theband is appearing on The Nightly Show. The new album by the band The White Bears had gone on salelast month, and it had been selling poorly in the first two weeksuntil the band appeared on The Nightly Show. The new album by the band The White Bears is going on sale lastmonth, and it had selling poorly in the first two weeks until theband appeared on The Nightly Show.

83. INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED LINGUISTICS The field of Psycholinguistics deals with: Language acquisition, comprehension, and production. Analysis of language variations and language changes. Classification of world languages and their use by speakers.

84. INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED LINGUISTICS Technical vocabulary, words or expressions such as LO L, IMHO, TOEFL, AGONAL, FLIPPED LEARNING, GIVE ME THE VITALS, etc. are used by a profession or close groups that are difficult for others to understand outside the context. These words represent examples of language variation known as: Jargon. Non-standard Language. Slang.

85. Choose the option that matches the information below. This term refers to the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. It can be used to express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a group, though it can also be developed deliberately using chosen terms. Slang. Jargon. Lexical competence.

86. The “universal grammar” theory implies that there is a connection between speech and human relations and human understandings of the world. True. False.

87. The notion of this discipline is necessary for areas of cross-cultural communication, for correct use of language in general, because it is considered the goal of language education, and it is necessary element in efficient classroom practice. It refers to communicative competence. True. False.

88. Applied Linguistics is usually defined by linguists as the academic discipline that is concerned with the relation of knowledge about language in general to decision making in the real world, and it is because it expands the knowledge about the world languages. True. False.

89. Choose the most suitable application of Sociolinguistics for education: It explains the process of language acquisition and issues related with bi - and multilingualism. It focuses on the role of language behavior for education and language acquisition. It provides description of language variations and explains the changes of language through time.

90. Choose the option that does NOT fit the category of language– related problems: translation, interpretations, language usage in general, literary genres and styles, machine translation. use and analysis of language variations, dialects, registers, and language codes. scientific description and classifications of world languages.

91. The words “rise“ and “ascend” are synonyms. However, in everyday speech you would probably choose the word “to rise” rather than “ to ascend”. According to Communicative competence theory, your choice depends on the frequency of the occurrence of each word. This is known as: attestedness. feasibility. appropriateness.

92. “Adjectives in English are never pluralized", “Splitting infinitives is wrong”, “Modal verbs do not change” . These statements represent: restricted code. descriptive approach to language learning. prescriptive approach to language learning.

94. Examples of incorrect use of language such as “beautifuls flowers,” How many years old do you have?”, "I see many fishes” represent: Linguistic competence. Non -standard language. Language transfer.

94.Identify the relationship between the words in the analog, and then choose the option that follows the pattern. For example: STARVING : HUNGRY. towering : cringing. neat : thoughtful. depressed : sad.

95. Identify the relationship between the words in the analog, and then choose the option that follows the pattern. For example: tree : leaf. flower : petal. roots : soil. garden : grass.

96. Read the article. Choose the best answer for each question. 1 Bali, one of Indonesia's 17,000 islands, conjures up images of perfect, golden beaches and azure waters. This description would be accurate, except for the plastic debris which litters the shores. In 2018, the issue of ocean pollution here received worldwide attention when a scuba diver called Rich Horner posted a video of himself swimming in a sea of plastic. The clip was horrifying, and it quickly went viral. 2 Two Dutch-Indonesian sisters, Melati and Isabel Wijsen, were already aware of the scale of the problem. Having grown up in Bali, they knew that plastic contamination was a major concern. With time they became convinced that they could be instrumental in bringing about change. To solve the problem, they believed it was important to harness the power and enthusiasm of young people. They decided to launch a movement, which they called “Bye Bye Plastic Bag”. 3 The sisters began collecting signatures to support their cause, and eventually got over 100,000 people to register their concern. In 2017, they took their mission to the international stage by giving a moving speech at the United Nations in New York City. In the talk, they showed heartbreaking photos of animals entrapped in plastic and of stunning natural landscapes which had been completely soiled. The point they were making was simple: single- use plastics such as shopping bags, straws and Styrofoam containers should be banned. 4 Gradually, Melati and Isabel's efforts gained momentum. "We didn't want to wait until we were older to stand up for what we believe in," they said, stressing that kids have the ability to effect change. In late 2018, they achieved a major success when the governor of Bali announced that single- use plastics would be forbidden on the island. Not only that, but the local government committed to a major marine cleanup effort. 5 Young people can lead the way, the sisters believe. They say they won't rest until visitors to the island paradise hear this question at the airport: "Welcome to Bali! Do you have any plastic bags to declare?" Rich Horner’s video is proof that there is still more work to be done. However, the sisters’ work suggests that ambitious conservation efforts are by no means impossible. The article focuses mostly on: two sisters' success in banning plastics. a horrifying video of polluted waters. plastic waste in Indonesia's capital.

97. Read the following passage, then choose the option that includes true statements: Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor's dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra. It is pointed out in the reading that opera is a drama sung with the accompaniment of an orchestra. We can understand from the reading that orchestras in operas can vary considerably in size. It is stated in the reading that music in musical theater is not as important as it is in opera. It is pointed out in the reading that opera has developed under the influence of musical theater We can understand from the reading that people are captivated more by opera than musical theater It is stated in the reading that acting and costumes are secondary to music in musical theater. It is pointed out in the reading that opera is the most complex of all the performing arts We can understand from the reading that there is argument over whether the music is important or the words in opera It is stated in the reading that opera doesn't have any properties in common with musical theater.

98. Read the article. Choose the best answer for each question. 1 Bali, one of Indonesia's 17,000 islands, conjures up images of perfect, golden beaches and azure waters. This description would be accurate, except for the plastic debris which litters the shores. In 2018, the issue of ocean pollution here received worldwide attention when a scuba diver called Rich Horner posted a video of himself swimming in a sea of plastic. The clip was horrifying, and it quickly went viral. 2 Two Dutch-Indonesian sisters, Melati and Isabel Wijsen, were already aware of the scale of the problem. Having grown up in Bali, they knew that plastic contamination was a major concern. With time they became convinced that they could be instrumental in bringing about change. To solve the problem, they believed it was important to harness the power and enthusiasm of young people. They decided to launch a movement, which they called “Bye Bye Plastic Bag”. 3 The sisters began collecting signatures to support their cause, and eventually got over 100,000 people to register their concern. In 2017, they took their mission to the international stage by giving a moving speech at the United Nations in New York City. In the talk, they showed heartbreaking photos of animals entrapped in plastic and of stunning natural landscapes which had been completely soiled. The point they were making was simple: single- use plastics such as shopping bags, straws and Styrofoam containers should be banned. 4 Gradually, Melati and Isabel's efforts gained momentum. "We didn't want to wait until we were older to stand up for what we believe in," they said, stressing that kids have the ability to effect change. In late 2018, they achieved a major success when the governor of Bali announced that single-use plastics would be forbidden on the island. Not only that, but the local government committed to a major marine cleanup effort. 5 Young people can lead the way, the sisters believe. They say they won't rest until visitors to the island paradise hear this question at the airport: "Welcome to Bali! Do you have any plastic bags to declare?" Rich Horner’s video is proof that there is still more work to be done. However, the sisters’ work suggests that ambitious conservation efforts are by no means impossible. What conclusion does the article support?. Bali should fine tourists for using plastic bags. The country is no longer a good tourist destination. Young people can make a difference.

99. Read the following passage, then choose the option that includes true statements. Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with each other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that we can kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we destroy them. It is clear from the passage that dolphins don't want to be with us as much as we want to be with them One can infer from the reading that communication is the most fascinating aspect of the dolphins. It is clear from the passage that dolphins are proven to be less intelligent than once thought. One can infer from the reading that dolphins have skills that no other living creatures have such as the ability to think. It is clear from the passage that dolphins have a reputation for being friendly to humans One can infer from the reading that dolphins have some social traits that are similar to those of humans.

100. Read the paragraph below and select the sentence that is not about the main idea? (1) Antiques Roadshow is a popular television show. (2) The show travels to different cities. (3) The show is not very funny. (4) The guests are regular people. (5) They bring their special possessions to the show. (6) They tell stories and ask questions. (7) You can see similar shows in other countries around the world. 3. 4. 6.

101. Read the text. Choose the correct group of words to complete fill the gaps. The report also found that people in Iraq are the kindest to strangers. Eight in 10 Iraqis are reported to have helped someone they don't know in the past year. The BBC commented ………… how significant this statistic was, the turmoil Iraq has been in for years because of war. It stated that: "It is the kindness of Iraqis…to complete strangers in the of years of conflict and terrible violence which stands out in the list." John Low, CEO of the Charities Aid Foundation, said: "The generosity of people, even in countries suffering from disaster and turmoil, is ………… humbling." He added: "Unconditional gifts of time and money are a life-changing.......for good in the world.". on, force, face, truly, given. truly, given, on, face, force. on, given, face, truly, force.

102. Read the following sentences; are these examples of effective topic sentence? Japanese culture is fascinating to study because its family traditions are so different from American traditions. I will talk about the reasons for the popularity of reality television shows. True. False.

103. Read the introductory paragraph and choose the option that presents the correct information. (A) My brother is deaf, yet he is a very happy member of society. (B) While many hearing people at first feel sorry for him when they meet him, they only feel sorry for him because they don’t know him. (C) If they knew him like I do, they would know that he accepts his deafness, and he is proud to be a member of the deaf community. (D) Members of the hearing community would be wise to follow the lead of deaf people in defining their own groups, their own limitations, and their own acceptance of themselves. Sentence B states why the writer’s opinion matters. Sentence C hooks the reader with something surprising. Sentence A is the thesis statement. Sentence A states why the writer’s opinion matters. Sentence B hooks the reader with something surprising. Sentence D is the thesis statement. Sentence C states why the writer’s opinion matters. Sentence A hooks the reader with something surprising. Sentence D is the thesis statement.

104. In phonology, refers to sound changes whereby a consonant changes its type of voicing from voiceless to voiced, or vice versa, due to the influence of its phonological environment. Voicing. Aspiration. Manner of articulation.

105. It studies the nature and limits of human ability to produce speech sounds and describes the way these sounds are delivered. Besides, it studies the production of speech sounds. Acoustic phonetics. Mixed-ability phonetics. Articulatory phonetics.

106. Read the conversations. Choose the correct subordinator or transition word for each blank space. Hannah: I always take my own reusable bag to the store. Jessica: I try to do that too,_____my sister never does. whereas. however. just as.

107. Read the context of the paragraph and choose the correct option to complete it. I can't believe you forgot____the proposal for the conference. Now we can't present the results of our study until the next year! You should've paid better attention to the deadlines!. submit. to submit. submitting.

108. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence: Many cultures share similar new year traditions; for example, wearing yellow clothes, eating grapes,____debts, lighting candles, etc. getting together. giving out. paying back.

109. Select the correct verb forms to complete the statement below: We met our friend Carol, while she_____Architecture at Harvard University. By the time we got married, Carol____her studies. studies / is completing. is studying /completes. was studying /had completed.

110. Which of these are not considered to be a part of language?. Using SnapChat on your phone. Self-talk and deep thoughts. Body language and facial expressions.

111. Apply syntactic analysis on the sentence: Meg told Jane that her father was sick. The complementizer THAT introduces additional information to the sentence. The complementizer THAT can easily be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence. The complementizer THAT cannot be delated because the meaning of the sentence could change.

112. It refers to the hierarchical arrangement of the constituent words and phrases of a sentence to form well-formed and meaningful structures. It is a formal representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. Constituency. Active clause. Construction.

113. The Behaviorist perspective mentions that Chomsky´s concluded that children´s minds are not blank slates to be filled by imitating languages they hear in the environment. True. False.

114. Clarification requests, Elicitation and Repetition are some techniques that teachers use as Instructional approach. True. False.

115. Fossilization is the term used to describe when some features of learner language stop changing over time?. True. False.

116. Analyze the following case. Then, answer the question: In order to support the comprehension of a tough text, the teacher reads it to the whole class adding visual support, periodic paraphrasing; and/or rewriting. Through this, the students get actively involved in the activity because they are part of it; so they are more motivated to listen carefully as the teacher reads. What strategy for literacy development is the teacher applying?. Moving into Reading. Guided Reading. Read-aloud plus.

117. Analyze the following application example and complete the statement below: Having students talk about their classroom work gives them practice in using academic language, demonstrating their growing knowledge with teacher support and scaffolding. It is an example of the language development strategy…….. Collecting and processing words. Reporting back. Scaffolding English writing.

118. Which of the following statements DOES NOT correspond to advantages of using realia in the classroom?. Real objects can be seen, felt and manipulated, which is a powerful way to connect vocabulary to real life. Real objects are highly effective in supporting comprehension and vocabulary development in older students, especially those who are English learners. The use of real objects conveys meaning in a way that no photograph or illustration can.

119. Choose the option that best fits the strategy below. The strategy, applied during a course, in which the teacher observes and documents the students’ performance on academic tasks rather than on their fluency in English to identify weak students by using Rubrics and checklists is called_____. Portfolio assessment. Performance sampling. Anecdotal records.

120. Which strategy uses this example: To show a cup while saying: this is a cup, we use it for keeping liquid. Manipulative strategies. Modelled Talk. Multiple intelligences strategies.

121. Informal assessment______. is nonjudgmental and ultimate decisions about students’ performance are not made. Here performance is elicited without recording results. constitutes a set of procedures constructed to give the teacher and student an appraisal of student achievement. measures what a student has learned by looking back and taking stock of how well that student has accomplished objectives.

122. TESTING If a test is easy to construct, administer, score, and interpret, we speak about its______. reliability. practicality. validity.

123. If a test contains natural language, meaningful and relevant topics and contextualized items that replicate real- world tasks, we say that this test is______. authentic. reliable. valid.

124. Analyze the following example and decide to which category of speaking performance it belongs. The task includes interaction and test comprehension but at the limited level of short conversations, standard greetings, small talks, requests, and comments. Intensive. Responsive. Interactive.

125. Within the Extensive Reading tasks, a teacher may ask the students to______. find all phrasal verbs used in a text. write a short summary of each paragraph of reading. find and circle/underline all irregular verbs.

126. From the following which one is an example of intensive listening?. Listening to news stories and biography information about famous international sports stars. Listening to a radio announcement about an event and filling out a table or a series of blanks with words from the listening. English reviews of movies or TV shows that you've seen in your language.

127. Social relationships and collaborative opportunities play an important role in supporting teachers in managing disruptive behavior in their classroom. Which is one strategy that teachers can use to decrease misbehavior in class?. Counting with therapist’s help and principal intervention to correct students’ behavior and prevent future discipline problems. Setting up good relationships with colleagues, previous students’ teachers and parents for continuous guidance and support. Keeping a record of students’ discipline to find out the specific punishment students who misbehave should be given.

128. Which of the following question types cannot be used when making students focus on comprehension of the text?. Sentence completion. Glossing. Multiple-choice sentences.

129. What is the focus of the following activity? The teacher asks students to recall a list of items, actions, or events explicitly stated in the text or the sequence of several actions or events explicitly stated in the text they have already read. Literal comprehension of the text. Drawing inferences from the text. Responding critically to the text.

130. When planning a listening and speaking programme for beginners the director should be aware that …. Meaning-focus output is the desire of the students and should be tackled head on at the earliest opportunity. there should be regular opportunities for increasing amounts of meaning-focused listening input early in the course. fluency will only come from speaking with native speakers – a preference should be given to contracting them to work in the programme.

131. Creswell identifies and proposes some definitions of the parts of a research. Choose the option that does not correspond to his statements. A research topic is the broad subject matter addressed by the study. A research problem is a general educational issue, concern, or controversy addressed in research that narrows the topic. The literature review is the major intent or objective of the study used to address the problem.

132. Which of these statements is correct?. The skills needed for quantitative researchers include the ability to write detailed passages and analyzing words from participants in the study. Regardless of the approach, the amount of time needed for data collection can only be estimated by examining similar studies. Researchers need to create a budget and obtain advice from other, experienced researchers about whether the anticipated expenses are realistic.

133. Creswell (2012) asserts “The researcher must have access to people and sites and possess the time, resources, and skills to study the problem. The study needs to contribute to knowledge and practice. There also needs to be a match between the research problem and the qualitative approach chosen for the study.". True. False.

134. The importance of knowing how to define a Research Problem lies on the fact that this is the main step to start a successful process of investigation. Once identified the problem the researcher can state through clear ideas at the "statement of the problem". True. False.

135. Creswell (2012) states that a research proposal is a completed study that reports an investigation or exploration of a problem, identifies questions to be addressed, includes the collection and analysis of data, and advances an interpretation of the data. True. False.

136. Choose the option that contains the correct information. Materials development means creating, organizing, or adopting/adapting materials and activities so that students can achieve the objectives of a course. The use of basic or supplementary material as well as technological resources impacts negatively the effectiveness of the teaching learning process. Materials need to have an underlying instructional philosophy, approach, method and technique which suit the students and their needs since some of them are appropriate for all the classes and students' background.

137. _____are variables that will significantly impact on decisions about teaching materials. Many teachers are bound by a mandated curriculum defining the content, skills and values to be taught. The resources and facilities. Personal confidence and competence. The curriculum and the context.

138. Which of the following statements is true regarding curriculum?. Curriculum is a formal document which outlines the aims, the selection and grading of contents, teaching materials, tasks and activities, etc. to be taught in a specific course, unit of study or teaching subject. Curriculum comprises teachers and students’ believes in terms of their experience and personal view of language, teaching, learning, selectionn of content as well as the influence of social and political contexto on learning outcomes. Curriculum is a general plan which comprises educational foundations and guidelines of what, why and how students should learn. In other words it contains, the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes expected to be learned by students.

139. ACADEMIC WRITING - ESSAY TOPICS Write a comparison-contrast essay that contains three paragraphs (introductory paragraph, body paragraph and concluding paragraph). The essay must have between 250 and 300 words. Make use of the given topic and thesis statement. Please check the rubric designed for this activity to make sure that it meets all the requirements. Topic: “How to acquire knowledge” Thesis statement: It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?. How to acquire a knowledge The art of learning in their lives Not everything that is learned is contained in books. The books provides a lot of knowledge about a specific subject matter, we learn the methods, strategies, techniques and the pedagogy. On the other hand, we can learn with the experience in our major, a lot of times the books can help us, but in the real life some things are diferent, in the real life we need to lidiate with the personality, and emotions of the people. Finally, I thing that both are important, we need to learn the knowledges in the books, and gain abilities with the experience. The most important is further cementing the knowledge in your mind, we need to practice the things that we learn. no.

140. ACADEMIC WRITING - ESSAY TOPICS Write an argumentative essay that contains three paragraphs (introductory paragraph, body paragraph and concluding paragraph). The essay must have between 250 and 300 words. Make use of the given topic and thesis statement. Please check the rubric designed for this activity to make sure that it meets all the requirements. Topic: “Individual learning methods” Thesis statement: People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you? Use specific examples to support your choice. Individual Learning methods The ways of learning are different because each person have a different type of intelligence. For this reason, People learn in different ways. Some people learn by doing things; other people learn by reading about things; others learn by listening to people talk about things. Which of these methods of learning is best for you? Many people learn by doings things, for example the manipulative strategies are excelent in childrens, they learn cutting, painting, playing, singing and elaborating things with your hands. Through this strategies , they are creating an experience in your brains and construct the knowledge. Another way to learn is reading things, reading books, enciclopedies, newspapers. Some learnes prefer to read because is a way to self-study and work alone,. They are independent and very self- aware and in tune with their thoughts and feelings and they prefer study and learn in a quiet place. Aditionally, some people prefer to learn listening people talking about things, with the new technology learners prefer to watching Tv series, documentary films, watching youtube videos with people expressing your ideas about a subject matter. They select this way because not need to share opinions in the real life, almost the images are a powerfull tool, when our brain imagine the situations these are more easy to learn. Finally, I consider that listening to people talking about things is my favorite method to learning, because I like to remember the opinions , experiences and comments of the people. All of methods are valuable,but I thing that the most important in learning is that the information need to recall it at the later time and utilize it effectively in a wide variety of situations. no.