Cuestionario de Lingüística General

51. Which feature allows humans to talk about things not present in time or space?. Arbitrariness. Open-endedness. Displacement. Duality.

52. What is the study of language sounds in their physical form called?. Phonology. Morphology. Semantics. Phonetics.

53. Which word contains a derivational process?. dogs. walked. happiness. books.

54. In linguistics, “langue” refers to: Speech errors. Individual performance. The abstract system of language. Sound production.

55. Which pair is an example of synonymy?. hot / cold. big / bigger. sofa / couch. run / running.

56. Which discipline studies how language is used in real communication?. Syntax. Semantics. Pragmatics. Morphology.

57. What is the main unit of meaning in morphology?. Phoneme. Syllable. Word. Morpheme.

58. Which sound feature distinguishes /p/ from /b/?. Place of articulation. Manner of articulation. Voicing. Nasality.

59. What does “parole” refer to in Saussure's theory?. Language system. Grammar rules. Individual speech use. Writing system.

60. Which is a characteristic of all human languages?. Fixed word order. No grammar. Productivity (creativity). Only spoken form.

61. Which concept explains that linguistic signs are based on social convention?. Motivation. Iconicity. Arbitrariness. Transparency.

62. What does morphology primarily study?. Sentence structure. Sound systems. Word formation and structure. Meaning in context.

63. Which is an example of a bound morpheme?. book. run. house. -ed.

64. In phonology, what is a phoneme?. A word. A sentence. A meaning unit. A distinctive sound unit.

65. Which discipline studies meaning in language?. Syntax. Morphology. Phonology. Semantics.

66. What is the role of pragmatics?. Sound production. Grammar rules. Word structure. Meaning in real-life context.

67. Which is an example of inflection?. happy → happiness. book → bookshelf. walk→ walked. friend → friendship.

68. What does syntax study?. Sounds. Meaning. Sentence structure. Word pronunciation.

69. Which pair shows a minimal pair?. cat / dog. big / small. run / walk. ship / sheep.

70. What is a key feature of human language productivity?. Fixed expressions only. Limited vocabulary. Ability to create infinite sentences. No grammar rules.

71. Which discipline studies how vocabulary enters a language from other languages?. Phonology. Syntax. Morphology. Lexical development.

72. Which sound is produced using both lips?. Dental. Alveolar. Velar. Bilabial.

73. What does a non-implicational universal state?. If A then B. Only historical relation. Depends on grammar order. A property found in all languages without conditions.

74. Which is an example of diachronic change?. Sentence order variation. Sound articulation. Old English → Modern English evolution. Word stress patterns.

75. What does phonology focus on?. Meaning. Word formation. Sound system of language. Sentence structure.

76. Which is an example of a labiodental sound?. /t/. /k/. /m/. /f/.

77. What is lexical borrowing?. Grammar change. Sound change. Words taken from other languages. Sentence structure.

78. Which feature describes all human languages sharing basic structure?. Productivity. Randomness. Universality. Irregularity.

79. What is the study of sentence structure called?. Morphology. Semantics. Phonology. Syntax.

80. Which example shows semantic change over time?. /p/ becomes /b/. Word order changes. Mouse = animal → computer device. Suffix addition.

81. In Jakobson's model, which function focuses on explaining language itself?. Emotive. Conative. Phatic. Metalingual.

82. In Shannon's model, what refers to any disturbance in communication?. Channel. Code. Feedback. Noise.

83. Which unit is a syntactic phrase headed by a noun?. VP. PP. S. NP.

84. What does lexical entry refer to?. Word stress. Sound system. Dictionary representation of a word. Sentence structure.

85. Which feature allows humans to produce infinite new sentences?. Discreteness. Arbitrariness. Open-endedness. Duality.

86. Which languages influenced early English development?. French and Spanish. Greek and Arabic. Celtic and Latin. German and Italian.

87. What is the study of sentence structure called?. Morphology. Semantics. Phonology. Syntax.

88. Which concept explains controlled response despite emotion?. Arbitrariness. Displacement. Stimulus freedom. Productivity.

89. What does semantics study?. Sound patterns. Grammar rules. Meaning of language. Sentence order.

90. In communication theory, what is a channel?. Meaning. Noise. Medium of transmission. Grammar rule.

91. Which sound is produced with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge?. Bilabial. Velar. Alveolar. Glottal.

92. What does syntax primarily analyze?. Word meaning. Sound production. Sentence structure. Word stress.

93. Which is an example of denotation?. Emotional meaning. Cultural association. Dictionary meaning. Hidden meaning.

94. Which language has VSO word order?. English. Spanish. French. Tongan.

95. What type of phrase is “with the students"?. NP. VP. PP. AP.

96. Which sound is an affricate?. /s/. /m/. /tf/. /z/.

97. What is synchronic analysis?. Study of language history. Study of future language. Study of language at one moment in time. Study of sound changes only.

98. Who is associated with generative grammar?. Shannon. Saussure. Chomsky. Richards.

99. What is a continuant sound?. A sound that stops airflow completely. A silent sound. A sound with continuous airflow. A vowel only.

100. Which sentence is ungrammatical due to word order?. The students solved the problem. The problem solved the students. Solved the students problem the. The students the problem solved.