Cuestionario de Lingüística General

A student studies only the grammar of Old English during one historical period. Which perspective is used?. Diachronic. Synchronic. Semiotic. Comparative phonetics.

Which tree label normally represents a noun phrase?. PP. S. VP. NP.

A teacher studies how children acquire the plural suffix -s over time. Which field is most directly involved?. Semiotics. Language Acquisition. Sociolinguistics. Anthropological Linguistics.

Who appended Shannon's model in 1963?. Richards. Freud. Moles. Skinner.

Which morpheme is meaningless and gains meaning only in combination?. discontinuous. homophonous. Portmanteau. unique.

In 'The teacher gave the students a worksheet', which constituent is the indirect object?. gave. a worksheet. The teacher. the students.

Which discipline is focused on the study of meaning?. Syntax. Semantics. Morphology. Phonology.

Which development most clearly characterizes the transition from Old English to Middle English?. Reduction of many inflectional endings. Replacement of Germanic roots by Latin grammar. Greater use of inflectional endings. Elimination of borrowed vocabulary.

Which language was spoken by the government, court, church, army in the Middle English period?. French. Gaelic. Latin. Saxon.

In the sentence 'The children sat on the river bank', which word gives the strongest clue to the meaning of bank?. sat. river. the. children.

Which discipline studies language change and the relationship of languages to each other?. neurolinguistics. Historical linguistics. Language acquisition. Sociolinguistics.

What is the capacity to transmit a connotation that transform the field of location and time?. Open-endedness. Displacement. Stimulus-freedom. Arbitrariness.

Which is the discipline which comprises the systematic and functional properties of sound in language?. Syntax. Phonology. Phonetics. Semantics.

Which of the following Celtic tongues disappeared?. Irish Gaelic. Cornish. Welsh. Manx.

Which verbs were known as strong verbs?. Regular verbs. Irregular verbs. Phrasal verbs. Auxiliary verbs.

Which discipline studies the interrelationships of language and social structure?. Sociolinguistics. Neurolinguistics. Historical linguistics. Language acquisition.

Which feature refers to the ability to use the smaller elements of the language in multiple combinations?. Discreteness. Productivity. Systematicity. Deficiency.

What is language?. Many different structures we learn. A system of voiced sounds to share ideas in a society. Phrases which we pronounce. Verbs and complements to give meaning.

Which vowels tend to be rounded?. Front. Close. Back. Open.

Which discipline studies the production and perception of speech sounds?. Phonetics. Syntax. Phonology. Semantics.

Which discipline studies the brain and its function in the production, perception and acquisition of L2?. Neurolinguistics. Sociolinguistics. Language acquisition. Historical linguistics.

How do you call the universal which does not need a condition?. Communicative. Cognitive. Non implicational. Implicational.

Which language was spoken by the government, court, church, army in the Middle English period?. French. Gaelic. Saxon. Latin.

Which discipline studies word formation and structure?. Morphology. Semantics. Syntax. Phonology.

Which is one the most common semantic universals?. Suffixes. Notion of color. Verbs in ing form. Prefixes.

Which is another example of a semantic universal?. Verbs in ing form. Pronouns. Suffixes. Suffixes.

What language did landowners and the bureaucracy speak in Britain?. English. Celtic. Welsh. Latin.

What kind of analysis covers the chronological improvement of a language?. Diachrony. Arbitrariness. Synchrony. Displacement.

What is the competence to say things that have never been said before?. Displacement. Open-endedness. Stimulus-freedom. Arbitrariness.

Which verbs were known as strong verbs?. Auxiliary verbs. Irregular verbs. Phrasal verbs. Regular verbs.

To which feature do the onomatopoetic words belong to?. Open-endedness. Arbitrariness. Stimulus-freedom. Displacement.

Which of the following Celtic tongues disappeared?. Manx. Cornish. Welsh. Irish Gaelic.

What does Etymon mean?. Feeling. Branch. Brain. Root.

How do you call the kind of universal which holds a particular condition of the language structure?. Non implicational. Implicational. Communicative. Cognitive.

What is the capacity to transmit a connotation that transforms the field of location and time?. Stimulus-freedom. Displacement. Open-endedness. Arbitrariness.

Which feature of language represents the structure of sentences in a dialect?. Deficiency. Productivity. Systematicity. Discreteness.

Which discipline studies the production and perception of speech sounds?. Semantics. Syntax. Phonetics. Phonology.

What is language?. Phrases which we pronounce. Verbs and complements to give meaning. Many different structures we learn. A system of voiced sounds to share ideas in a society.

How do we call the early Germanic language?. Clio-Germanic. Proto-Germanic. Pseudo-Germanic. Sant-Germanic.

Which is the order of words in sentences in Japanese?. VOS. SOV. OSV. SVO.

Which term refers to morphemes that are interrupted within a word structure?. Inflectional morphemes. Lexical morphemes. Portmanteau morphemes. Discontinuous morphemes.

Which process adds grammatical information without changing word class?. Derivation. Compounding. Inflection. Clipping.

The pronunciation change in plural -s (dogs → /z/) depends on: Syllable count. Word length. Stress pattern. Voicing of the final sound.

Which period of English shows strong French influence and reduced inflections?. Old English. Modern English. Pre-English. Middle English.

What do languages show when they express the same function with different word orders?. Phonological restriction. Morphological confusion. Same syntactic function, different surface structure. Random grammatical behavior.

Which language dominated government and court during the Middle English period?. Saxon. Gaelic. Latin. French.

The study of how children learn to form questions belongs to: Semantics. Semiotics. Historical linguistics. Language acquisition.

A sound produced with complete closure and sudden air release is called: Nasal. Fricative. Affricate. Plosive.

What is another term related to separable meaning units in words?. Lexicon. Function words. Affixes. Morphemes.

The process where the receiver converts sound into mental meaning is: Competence. Performance. Phonation. Audition.

The study of speech sounds as physical waves belongs to: Articulatory phonetics. Auditory phonetics. Semantics. Acoustic phonetics.

Which term describes a morpheme that can stand alone as a word?. Bound morpheme. Affix. Free morpheme. Inflection.

In syntax, a constituent refers to: A sound unit. A meaning unit. A letter group. A syntactic unit that functions as a single part of a sentence.

Which sentence shows an object complement structure?. The teacher arrived early. The students slept. They elected him president. She ran quickly.

What does phonology study?. Meaning. Sentence structure. Sound systems of language. Word formation rules.

A language that uses particles instead of suffixes to mark plurality shows: Phonological change. Morphological variation. Semantic shift. Pragmatic change.

What is pragmatics mainly concerned with?. Word formation. Sound production. Sentence structure. Meaning in context.

Which is an example of derivation?. cats. walked. happy → happiness. book.

What does the IPA primarily represent?. Grammar rules. Word meanings. Speech sounds. Sentence structure.

A language universal refers to: Rules only in English. Rare language features. Features shared by all human languages. Historical grammar rules.

Which term refers to a word that has multiple related meanings?. Homonymy. Antonymy. Synonymy. Polysemy.

What does sociolinguistics mainly study?. Sound systems. Word formation. Language in social context. Brain processing.

Which is an example of a bound morpheme?. book. go. house. -ness.

The study of how sounds are physically produced is called: Acoustic phonetics. Auditory phonetics. Articulatory phonetics. Semantics.

Which pair shows a minimal pair contrast?. cat / dog. big / small. run / walk. ship / sheep.

What is pragmatics concerned with?. Grammar rules. Sound production. Word structure. Meaning in context.

Which is a characteristic of human language?. Fixed signals. Random noises. Displacement. No structure.

A change from Old English “cniht” to Modern “knight” is an example of: Syntax change. Pragmatic shift. Diachronic change. Semantic field.

Which term describes the relationship between sound and meaning being arbitrary?. Iconicity. Motivation. Arbitrariness. Transparency.

Which field studies sentence structure?. Semantics. Morphology. Phonology. Syntax.

Which feature allows humans to talk about things not present in time or space?. Arbitrariness. Open-endedness. Displacement. Duality.

What is the study of language sounds in their physical form called?. Phonology. Morphology. Semantics. Phonetics.

Which word contains a derivational process?. dogs. walked. happiness. books.

In linguistics, “langue” refers to: Speech errors. Individual performance. The abstract system of language. Sound production.

Which pair is an example of synonymy?. hot / cold. big / bigger. sofa / couch. run / running.

Which discipline studies how language is used in real communication?. Syntax. Semantics. Pragmatics. Morphology.

What is the main unit of meaning in morphology?. Phoneme. Syllable. Word. Morpheme.

Which sound feature distinguishes /p/ from /b/?. Place of articulation. Manner of articulation. Voicing. Nasality.

What does "parole” refer to in Saussure's theory?. Language system. Grammar rules. Individual speech use. Writing system.

Which is a characteristic of all human languages?. Fixed word order. No grammar. Productivity (creativity). Only spoken form.

Which concept explains that linguistic signs are based on social convention?. Motivation. Iconicity. Arbitrariness. Transparency.

What does morphology primarily study?. Sentence structure. Sound systems. Word formation and structure. Meaning in context.

Which is an example of a bound morpheme?. book. run. house. -ed.

In phonology, what is a phoneme?. A word. A sentence. A meaning unit. A distinctive sound unit.

Which discipline studies meaning in language?. Syntax. Morphology. Phonology. Semantics.

What is the role of pragmatics?. Sound production. Grammar rules. Word structure. Meaning in real-life context.

Which is an example of inflection?. happy → happiness. book → bookshelf. walk → walked. friend → friendship.

What does syntax study?. Sounds. Meaning. Sentence structure. Word pronunciation.

Which pair shows a minimal pair?. cat / dog. big / small. run / walk. ship / sheep.

What is a key feature of human language productivity?. Fixed expressions only. Limited vocabulary. Ability to create infinite sentences. No grammar rules.

Which discipline studies how vocabulary enters a language from other languages?. Phonology. Syntax. Morphology. Lexical development.

Which sound is produced using both lips?. Dental. Alveolar. Velar. Bilabial.

What does a non-implicational universal state?. If A then B. Only historical relation. Depends on grammar order. A property found in all languages without conditions.

Which is an example of diachronic change?. Sentence order variation. Sound articulation. Old English → Modern English evolution. Word stress patterns.

What does phonology focus on?. Meaning. Word formation. Sound system of language. Sentence structure.

Which is an example of a labiodental sound?. /t/. /k/. /m/. /f/.

What is lexical borrowing?. Grammar change. Sound change. Words taken from other languages. Sentence structure.

Which feature describes all human languages sharing basic structure?. Productivity. Randomness. Universality. Irregularity.

What is the study of sentence structure called?. Morphology. Semantics. Phonology. Syntax.

Which example shows semantic change over time?. /p/ becomes /b/. Word order changes. Mouse = animal → computer device. Suffix addition.

In Jakobson's model, which function focuses on explaining language itself?. Emotive. Conative. Phatic. Metalingual.

In Shannon's model, what refers to any disturbance in communication?. Channel. Code. Feedback. Noise.

Which unit is a syntactic phrase headed by a noun?. VP. PP. S. NP.

What does lexical entry refer to?. Word stress. Sound system. Dictionary representation of a word. Sentence structure.

Which feature allows humans to produce infinite new sentences?. Discreteness. Arbitrariness. Open-endedness. Duality.

Which languages influenced early English development?. French and Spanish. Greek and Arabic. Celtic and Latin. German and Italian.

What is the study of sentence structure called?. Morphology. Semantics. Phonology. Syntax.

Which concept explains controlled response despite emotion?. Arbitrariness. Displacement. Stimulus freedom. Productivity.

What does semantics study?. Sound patterns. Grammar rules. Meaning of language. Sentence order.

In communication theory, what is a channel?. Meaning. Noise. Medium of transmission. Grammar rule.

Which sound is produced with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge?. Bilabial. Velar. Alveolar. Glottal.

What does syntax primarily analyze?. Word meaning. Sound production. Sentence structure. Word stress.

Which is an example of denotation?. Emotional meaning. Cultural association. Dictionary meaning. Hidden meaning.

Which language has VSO word order?. English. Spanish. French. Tongan.

What type of phrase is "with the students"?. NP. VP. PP. AP.

Which sound is an affricate?. /s/. /m/. /tf/. /z/.

What is synchronic analysis?. Study of language history. Study of future language. Study of language at one moment in time. Study of sound changes only.

Who is associated with generative grammar?. Shannon. Saussure. Chomsky. Richards.

What is a continuant sound?. A sound that stops airflow completely. A silent sound. A sound with continuous airflow. A vowel only.

Which sentence is ungrammatical due to word order?. The students solved the problem. The problem solved the students. Solved the students problem the. The students the problem solved.

Which phrase best means to stay hydrated?. Reduce stress. Avoid exercise. Drink enough water. Warm up.

A person who sees a crime and can give information to the police is a: suspect. witness. victim. criminal.

Choose the correct sentence to describe a past travel activity. I went hiking last summer. I go hiking last summer. I went to hiking last summer. I got hiking last summer.

Which habit best supports recovery after regular sports training?. Getting enough sleep. Avoiding water. Eating only junk food. Skipping meals.

Choose the correct question tag: You exercise regularly, ___?. are you. don't you. do you. did you.

Which modal best matches a possible but uncertain conclusion?. can't. might. neither. must.

Which sentence best expresses regret about a past travel decision?. If we booked early, we would get better seats. If we are booking early, we avoid delays. If we book early, we will get better seats. If we had booked early, we would have avoided the delay.

Which phrase means to prepare the body before exercise?. Improve performance. Warm up. Cool down. Take part in.

Which signpost is commonly used to show contrast in a restaurant review?. For example. However. Moreover. Overall.

Which reporting verb requires an object in standard English?. mention. tell. comment. say.

Choose the correct imperative instruction for a recipe. You chop the onions now. Chopping the onions. Chop the onions. To chop the onions.

Which sentence correctly uses an infinitive after decided?. We decided to try the new cafe. We decided tried the new cafe. We decided trying the new cafe. We decided try the new cafe.

What does Maria prefer?. Fast food. Frozen food. Homemade food. Restaurant food.

Where was Ocean Lights filmed?. Near the coast. In a stadium. At a sports center. In a school.

Why did many viewers like the film?. Because it had beautiful scenes and emotional music. Because it was a documentary about health. Because it had difficult rules. Because it included sports equipment.

What does must express?. A strong logical conclusion. A shared negative experience. A completed travel activity. A direct quotation.

What does ones refer to?. Perfect recipes. Small dishes. Small cupcakes. Sweet ingredients.

Complete the sentence: We finally ___ the hotel after midnight. went back. went to. got to. got used to.

Which phrase best shows a personal point of view in a review?. Quickly, I think the hotel is overrated. Personally, I think the hotel is overrated. Loudly, I think the hotel is overrated. Fluently, I think the hotel is overrated.

Complete the sentence: When I was a child, I ___ play the piano quite well. must. might. can. could.